DR. MARWA ESSAM ELDIN FAHMI

RULES OF PRONUNCIATION

( - S ) ( - es )

Pronounce ( - IZ )

If the base form of verb or noun ends with the sounds /s/, /z/, /Ʒ/ /ʃ/, /ɖƷ/ or /ks/

Verbs Nouns

Watch__ watches size __sizesRelax __ relaxes dish __ dishesLose__ loses price __ pricesJudge__ judges inch ___ inches

Pronounce /S/

If the base form of verb or noun ends with the voiceless sounds; /ʃ /, /Ρ/, /ᵻ/, /ᴷ/, /ᶿ/ then pronounce (-s) and (- es) as /s/

Verbs Nouns

Sleep__ sleeps cat__ catsLaugh __laughs book _ booksWork __ works cuff __ cuffs Hit __ hits fifth __ fifths

Pronounce /z/

If the base form of verbs and nouns end with other voiced consonant or with vowels or with nasal sounds, then pronounce (-s) and (-es) /z/

Verbs Nouns

Learn __ learns boy __ boysStay __ stays drum __ drumsGo __ goes lamb __ lambs

How to pronounce (-ed) ending

If the base form of the verb ends with sounds /t/ or /d/, then pronounce (-ed) as an /id/

Start __ started wait __ waited Need __ needed decide __ decided

If the base form ends with the voiceless sounds ; /f/, /p/, /k/, /s/, /ks/, /ʃ/, /ʈʃ /, or with a vowel then pronounce (-ed) as /t/

Look __looked fax __ faxed Wish __ wished jump __ jumpedSlice __ sliced watch ___ watchedLaugh ___ laughed

If the base form ends with the voiced sounds; /b/, /g/, /m/, /n/, /v/, /r/, /dʒ /, /ᵑ/, //, then pronounce –ed as /d/

Rob __ robbed hum __ hummedRain __ rained play __ playedWave __ waved close __ closedBrag __ bragged judge __ judged