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What is moral leadership?
What is shared leadership?
How do you lead across cultures?
What is strategic leadership?
How do you lead organizational change?
Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 14-2
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Authentic leadership
Involves owning one’s personal
experiences
values, thoughts, emotions, and beliefs, AND
acting in accordance with one’s true self
expressing what you really think and believe.
Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 14-3
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Leader’s positive
personality traits can
influence followers.
Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Self-efficacy An individual’s belief about the likelihood of successfully completing a specific task.
Optimism The expectation of positive outcomes.
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Hope
The tendency to look for alternative
pathways to reach a desired goal.
Resilience
The ability to bounce back from failure
and keep forging ahead.
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Servant leadership
Based on the premise that a primary
purpose of business should be to create a
positive impact on employees and the
community.
More of a philosophy of managing than a
theory that could be tested and measured.
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“It begins with the natural feeling that one wants
to serve, to serve first. Then conscious choice
brings one to aspire to lead….”
- John Greenleaf
( View an interesting blog on the emergent
leadership philosophy of Servant-Leadership )
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Spiritual Leadership
Includes values, attitudes, and behaviors,
grounded in ethics, that intrinsically motivate
the leader and others.
A causal leadership approach for
organizational transformation, designed to
create an intrinsically motivated, learning
organization.
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How strong are your leadership values?
Take a quick survey based on Mick Yates’
4E’s Leadership Framework, and
receive immediate feedback results.
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Transformational Leadership
Affects followers by positively impacting
their goals and beliefs through vision and
values, and intellectual stimulation.
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Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Similarities with ethical Leadership
Differences from ethical Leadership
Authentic Leadership
Concern for others; ethical decision making, integrity, and role modeling.
More emphasis on self awareness.
SpiritualLeadership
Concern for others; ethical decisional making, integrity, and role modeling.
More emphasis on visioning, hope/faith.Views work as vocation.
Transformational Leadership
Concern for others; ethical decision making, integrity, and role modeling.
More emphasis on vision, values, and intellectual stimulation..
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Shared leadership
An interactive, goal directed
process among individuals at
various levels within and
external to the organization.
Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Evidenced in self-directed work teams
where leadership can rotate depending on
the task.
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Necessary conditions for effective
team leadership: Efficient, goal-directed effort.
Adequate resources.
Competent, motivated performance.
A productive, supportive climate.
Commitment to continuous improvement and
adaptation.
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Self-Leadership Activities
A individual’s portfolio of self-influence strategies
that positively influence individual behavior, and
thought processes.
Behavior-focusedBehavior-focused (self observation, goal setting)
Natural-reward (reinforcing attainment of goals)
Constructive-thought-pattern (self analysis, mental
imagery of successful behavior, positive self talk).
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GLOBE (Global Leadership and
Organizational Behavior Effectiveness
Research Program)
Comprehensive, cross-cultural research study
found that attributes and entities of different
cultures can predict the most effective
organizational practices, leader attributes and
behaviors that are most effective in that culture.
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Assertiveness
Future orientation
Gender
egalitarianism
Uncertainty
avoidance
Power distance
Institutional
emphasis
In-group collectivism
Performance
orientation
Humane orientation
Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Leader Dimensions Associated With Effectiveness
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Charismatic/value based
Team-oriented
Participative
Humane-oriented
Autonomous
Self-protective
Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
GLOBE Leadership Dimensions
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Key applications of GLOBE
Dimensions of effective leadership must be
matched with the culturally ‘endorsed’
leadership style.
Integrity and shared leadership are
important leadership dimensions across
most cultures.
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To increase effectiveness in today’s
dynamic environments
Top management teams (TMTs) must
possess a diversity of skills, experiences,
and theoretical frameworks for strategic
planning.
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Multiple-Level Leadership
There are three different organizational domains
from the bottom to the top of the organization.
The production domain at the bottom of the
organization;
The organization domain in the middle levels;
The systems domain at the top.
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Behavioral complexity
Leaders who have a broad range of role
behaviors are more likely to be effective.
Cognitive complexity
Leaders who process information
differently and perform certain tasks better
than less cognitively complex persons.
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Strategic Leadership in the Middle
The need for continuous innovation and
adaptability in contemporary organizations calls
for leadership from every organizational level.
Contextual leadership
Assessment of the opportunities and
constraints that arise in specific situations,
and the behaviors needed to address them.
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Contexts for Leadership Action
Stability
Crisis Sudden threats require action and prominent
leadership.
Dynamic Equilibrium Programmed efforts shift with priorities.
Near the Edge of Chaos Requires rapid adjustment to uncertain situations.
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Patterning of attention
Leadership behavior aimed at stimulating
discussion and problem resolution.
Leader isolates, synthesizes, and
communicates important information from
diverse stream of events, actions, and
outcomes.
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Network development
Leadership behavior that stimulates
problem resolution.
Developing and managing the connections
among individuals, both inside and outside
of the unit, or the firm.
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Change leadership
Deals with the idea that an organization
must master the challenges of change
while creating a satisfying, healthy, and
effective workplace for its employees.
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Transformational change
Radically shifts the fundamental character
of an organization.
Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Incremental change
Builds on the existing ways of
operating, to enhance or
extend them in new
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Unplanned change
Spontaneous, and without a change
agent’s direction.
Planned change
Intentional, and occurs with a change
agent’s direction.
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Unfreezing
The situation is prepared for a change.
Encourages the replacement of old behaviors
and attitudes with new behaviors.
Entails devising ways to reduce barriers to
change.
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Changing
Specific actions are taken to create
change.
Helps employees learn new concepts or
points of view.
Role models, mentors, experts,
benchmarking results, and training are
useful mechanisms to facilitate change.Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 14-33
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Refreezing
Changes are reinforced and stabilized.
Leader (change agent) integrates the
changed behavior or attitude into the
normal way of doing things.
Coaching and modeling help reinforce the
stability of change.
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Force-coercion strategy
Uses authority, rewards, and punishments
to create change.
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Rational persuasion strategy
Uses facts, special knowledge, and rational
argument to create change.
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Shared-power strategy
Uses participatory methods and
emphasizes common values to create
change.
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Resistance to change
An attitude or behavior that shows
unwillingness to make or support a
change.
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Why people resist change
Resistance to the change itself.
Resistance to the change strategy.
Resistance to the change agent.
Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 14-39