B4G 緊急通訊技術發展
(Tech Trend for Next Generation
Critical Communications)
Institute for Information Industry
Speaker: Yi-Hsueh Tsai
2013/10/17
Bureau of Standards,
Metrology & Inspection
Outlines
1. Introduction a) Standard for wide range of users
b) Commitment and 3GPP Cooperation
c) Public Safety Requirements and Standards
2. Public Safety Requirements and Standards a) 3GPP public safety work items
b) 3GPP standards availability
c) GPP Release 12 roadmap
3. Work beyond 3GPP a) Legacy coexistence and migration strategies
b) Handset and infrastructure ecosystem
c) First Responder Network Authority
d) Broadband Spectrum
4. Conclusion
Introduction
• Standards used for commercial cellular and critical
communications have historically been separate
• New interest today in adapting LTE
for critical communication and
public safety applications
• 3GPP is working in collaboration
with the critical communication
industry to deliver standards
Public Warning System (EMTEL & 3GPP)
Digital Mobile Radio (ERM TG DMR)
Non-voice Communication (3GPP & EMTEL)
Maritime Distress and Safety System
(ERM TG26) TETRA (TETRA) Priority use of public
network (3GPP) Satellite emergency
communication (SES SatEC)
eCall (ESG & 3GPP)
Mobile broadband system (MESA & RRS WG4)
Enhanced caller location (E2NA, EMTEL, MSG,
BRAN & CABLE)
Public Safety
Source: ETSI
Standard for wide range of users
An open standard where the focus is on meeting the critical
communications needs of public safety and security agencies
and an increasingly wide range of other market sectors.
Government
Oil & Gas
Transport & logistics
Utilities
Commercial & Industrial
Manufacturing
Critical communications vs Commercial Cellular
Commercial cellular
• Features: – Huge R&D investment and
innovation
– Economy of scale
– High speed, multimedia
– Network capacity
• Benefits: – More COTS technology reuse
– Lower costs
– Faster standardization
– Less delivery risk
Critical communications
• Features: – Robust
– Excellent group operation
– Priority control
– Direct mode
• Benefits: – More operating modes supported
– Performance (KPI) improvements
– Better support for “difficult”
radio situations
Commitment and 3GPP Cooperation
Requirements & Technical Input
LTE Enhancements
• Preserve strengths of LTE while also adding
features needed for public safety
• Maximize the technical commonality between
commercial and public safety aspects
National Public Safety Telecommunications Council Spectrum and US$7bn funding for LTE-based national US
public safety network at 700MHz
Started standards process in 3GPP
Tetra + Critical Communications Association Committed to LTE for broadband critical communication systems
Cellular
Industry
Source: 3GPP SA Chair
Public Safety LTE gains momentum
‘…the promise of an interoperable
network based on non-proprietary,
commercially available technology’
and takes a look at how LTE fits in to
the U.S. public safety environment.
“ESMCP is keen to enhance the next generation of
mobile technology – 4G Long Term Evolution – to
deliver the functionality, coverage, security and
availability required by U.K.,” said Russell. “ESMCP
is planning to appoint a delivery partner in 2015 and
hopes to start transition to the new service late 2016.”
Why LTE is the next generation in wireless
William Jackson portrays LTE as a ‘known’ part of the future U.S.
nationwide public safety network, as specified by the First Responder
Network Authority. This article describes the LTE standard as holding
U.K. Preps for Broadband
Mission-Critical Network
Public Safety Requirements and Standards
• Public safety imposes unique
requirements that cannot all
be satisfied with LTE
standards that are available
today. An example of such a
requirement is Mission
Critical Voice, which
includes Push to Talk (PTT),
off-network operation, and a
variety of related functions.
LTE Standards
LTE Product
from OEM
Commercial LTE
Network
• As LTE standards continue to evolve, and organizations such as
FirstNet participate in the 3GPP standards processes to drive desired
capabilities, more of the public safety requirements can be satisfied
with products based on these standards.
e.g. certain
priority &
QoS feature
e.g. eMBMS
e.g. mission
critical voice
Source:
NPSTC
3GPP public safety work items
Work Item 3GPP
Release
Work Item
Document
Study on Resilient E-UTRAN Operation
for Public Safety (FS_REOPS) 13 SP-130240
Proximity-based Services Specification
(ProSe) 12
SP-130030
RP-122009
Group Communication System Enablers
for LTE (GCSE_LTE) 12 SP-130326
Public Safety Broadband High Power
User Equipment for Band 14 for Region 2 11 RP-120362
Source: 3GPP
Proximity-based Services
Allow devices in close proximity to communicate directly 1. Reduce network load
2. Increase capacity in given bandwidth
3. Allow communication in areas without network coverage
Network
Cell
Site
Current LTE
Communication Path
Network
Cell
Site
Direct
Communication Locally Routed UE Relay
Cell
Site Network
Assisted
Discovery
Group Communication System Enablers
• Enable efficient group communication 1. Dynamic groups with mobile users and
dispatchers
2. Support for floor control (e.g. push to talk)
3. Large groups (perhaps up to 5000)
4. Low latency to add users, obtain channels
• Group call application is separate
from the 3GPP system enablers 1. Application layer: group management, floor
control decisions, legacy interoperability
2. LTE layer: mobility, service continuity,
radio efficiency
3. Joint: performance, service interaction
Group Call
application
sever
Cell
Site
Dispatcher
Group Call Enabled
LTE Network
Group Members UE Relay
G.C. Network Application
3GPP LTE Network Layers
Network API
G.C. Network Application
3GPP LTE Network Layers
Network API
Isolated E-UTRAN can be formed following:
1. An Outage event within the infrastructure network
2. Deployment of Mobile Command Posts (MCPs)
Resilient E-UTRAN Operation
• 1 or more eNB(s)
• Transport connection between eNBs
• Backhaul
• Local EPC functions at eNB
• Restoration of coverage for the
group of eNBs
• Security between UE and eNB
• Security between eNBs
• Offer similar services seen prior to
• Outage event
Isolated E-UTRAN
Outage in the
Infrastructure
Network
Mobile Command
Post
Release 12 draft standards and schedule
WG Document Title Date
SA1 TR 22.803 Study on Proximity-based Services 2011/09~2013/01
SA1 TS 22.115
TS 22.278
Service aspects; Charging and billing
Service requirements for the Evolved Packet System (EPS) 2012/12~2013/06
SA2 TR 23.703 Study on architecture enhancements to support Proximity Services 2012/12~2013/09
SA3 TR 33.8xy Study on security issues to support Proximity Services 2013/03~2014/03
RAN1
RAN2 TR 36.843
Feasibility Study on LTE Device to Device Proximity Services -
Radio Aspects 2012/12~2014/03
SA1 TS 22.468 Group Communication System Enablers for LTE 2012/06~2013/12
SA2 TR 23.768 Study on architecture enhancements to support Group
Communication System Enablers for LTE 2013/02~2013/09
WG Document Title Date
SA1 TR 22.897 Study on Resilient E-UTRAN Operation for Public Safety 2013/07~2014/06
Release 13 draft standards and schedule
3GPP standards availability
Source: 3GPP
ProSe Feature Component Analysis
(H) UE to NW Relay
(I) Service Continuity
(F) ProSe-assisted
WLAN Direct
(ext1) RAN
support
(ext2) SA3
specification (D) Direct 1:many
E-UTRA Comm.,
in coverage
(C) Direct 1:1
E-UTRA Comm.,
in coverage
(E) ProSe Comm
Path via eNB
(A) Direct 1:1
E-UTRA Comm.,
out of coverage
(B) Direct 1:many
E-UTRA Comm.,
out of coverage
(G) UE to UE Relay
Source: 3GPP SA1/SA2 Chair
ProSe Key Components for Public Safety
The most important public safety use case is: Group communication in areas where network coverage is unavailable or intermittent, for
example, (a) very rural areas, basements, tower blocks etc., (b) during network outages
In some of these scenarios the priority is local communication within a group of public
safety users in proximity.
In other scenarios the important thing is for users to be able to extend coverage (e.g. from
a vehicle) to be able to link back to a control room.
The following components are key for Release 12:
(B) Direct 1:many E-UTRA Communication out of coverage
(D) Direct 1:many E-UTRA Communication in E-UTRAN coverage – NPSBN Users may be outside of the range of the fixed network, such as first responders in a
rural area assisting in a response to a plane crash or police officers inside a residence
responding to a domestic issue.
– Off-network voice communications must be immediately accessible to users in the absence
of the NPSBN
(H) UE to NW Relay – We use this often to extend vehicle-based coverage footprint to handheld devices.
– Also key to public safety, we would like this to be included in R12 if a solution can be found
that does not add too much complexity to the rest of the work. Source: UK Home Office
UE
ProSe APP
LTE - Uu
E - UTRAN
UE
ProSe APP
EPC
S 1
ProSe APP Server
SGi
ProSe Function
PC 4
PC 2
PC 5 LTE - Uu
PC 3
PC 1
PC 6
ProSe Reference Architecture Model
One example may be for application data updates for a ProSe database in the ProSe Function. Another example may be data
for use by ProSe App Server in interworking between 3GPP functionality and application data, e.g. name translation.
PC3: It is the reference point between the UE and ProSe Function. It is used to define the interaction between UE and ProSe
Function. An example may be to use for configuration for ProSe discovery and communication.
PC4: It is the reference point between the EPC and ProSe Function. It is used to define the interaction between EPC and
ProSe Function. Possible use cases may be when setting up a one-to-one communication path between UEs or when
validating ProSe services (authorization) for session management or mobility management in real time.
PC5: It is the reference point between UE to UE used for control and user plane for discovery and communication, for relay
and one-to-one communication ( between UEs directly and between UEs over LTE-Uu).
PC6: This reference point between ProSe Functions in different PLMNs (when not roaming) may be used for functions such
as ProSe Discovery between users subscribed to different PLMNs.
Source: TR 23.703 v0.5.0
PC1: It is the reference point between
the ProSe application in the UE and in
the ProSe App Server. It is used to define
application level signalling requirements.
PC2: It is the reference point between
the ProSe App Server and the ProSe
Function. It is used to define the
interaction between ProSe App Server
and ProSe functionality provided by the
3GPP EPS via ProSe Function.
GCSE Feature Component Analysis
(A) Group Management
(B) Group Comm (TX,RX)
(H) Resource Efficiency (I) Roaming Scenarios
(J) High Availability
(C) Geographic Scope
(ext2) RAN
support
(ext3) SA3
specification
(ext1) SA2/
ProSe support
(F) Service Continuity
(G) UE to NW Relay
(D) Floor Control
(E) User Interaction
? (K) Inter-
working
(L) UE-AS
Open
Interface
Source: 3GPP SA1/SA2 Chair
GCSE Key Components for Public Safety
The key features delivered by existing systems, such as TETRA/P25 are:
Simultaneous distribution of the same content to groups of users.
Reliable and fast set-up of communications.
Support for very large groups of users, either located in a small geographic area
or widely spread geographically.
The following components are key for Release 12:
(A) Group Management Any aspects of this required to make core functionality work.
(B) Group Communications
(F) Service Continuity Service will not be usable without this.
(H) Resource Efficiency Planned or unplanned major incidents may require group communications within a very
large group in a small geographic area - requires good radio resource efficiency.
(E) User Interaction Some aspects only; related to performance, immediate updating of group membership, all
members receiving transmissions at the same time.
Source: UK Home Office
GCSE Reference Architecture Model
GC2: It is the reference point between the GCSE AS and the MuSe function. It is used to define the interaction between
GCSE AS and MuSe functionality provided by the 3GPP EPS layer.
GC3: It is the reference point between the E-UTRAN and MuSe function. It is used to define the interaction between E-
UTRAN and MuSe function in order to achieve Multipoint functionality provided by the 3GPP EPS layer.
GC4: It is the reference point between the MME and MuSe function It is used to define the interaction between MME
and MuSe function in order to achieve Multipoint functionality provided by the 3GPP EPS layer.
GC5: It is the reference point between the P-GW and MuSe function. It is used to provide DL unicast service by MuSe.
UE eNBMBMS
GWBM-SC
GCSE
Application
server
MME P-GW
Uu GC3
S1-MME
SG-imb
SGi
SG-mb
GC2
S-GW
GC4 S11 S5
S1-U
GCSE
Application
UE
GCSE
Application
ProSe Communication
UEGC1GCSE
Application
MuSe
GC5Media
GC1: It is the reference point
between the GCSE application in
the UE and in the application
server. It is used to define
application level signalling
requirement to enable Multipoint
functionality for GCSE_LTE,
and possibly for session
establishment and floor control
usages, etc.
Source: TR 23.768 v0.3.0
3GPP Release 12 roadmap
Source: 3GPP SA Chair
2013 2014 2015 2012
Later Phase Enhancements …
Release 12
Implementations
Available?
Signaling
Freeze
June
Requirements Freeze (Postpone from March
for Public Safety Work)
June
Architecture
Freeze
Dec.
Requirements
Architecture
Protocols
Bug fixing
Work beyond 3GPP
• Standards are one element in enabling a market – 3GPP will deliver LTE enhancements for public safety in Rel-12
• Potential users need to also consider – Legacy coexistence and migration strategies
• Interworking requirement need to be carefully considered
• Extension of PTT application with P25/TETRA to the LTE network
– Handset and infrastructure ecosystem • Use of a commercial wireless carrier
– Regulation • The ‘Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012’ directs FirstNet
to establish a single nationwide public safety broadband network.
– Spectrum (ITU) • World Radio Conference - 2015 (WRC-15) is currently under preparation
– Working Party 5A: allocations for PPDR (Public Protection and Disaster Relief)
– Working Party 5D: WRC-15 agenda point 1.2 (organization of 700 MHz band)
– Application designs
Legacy coexistence and migration strategies
• The legacy coexistence is for the LTE network to interwork
with P25/TETRA voice and low data-rate services such as
short message.
Source: Alcatel-Lucent/TCCA
• This interworking
enables interoperability
and also provides the
necessary migration
path from P25/TETRA
with an LTE overlay to
a mission-critical LTE
network running all
mission critical services.
TETRA,
TETRAPOL,
etc. PMR/LMR
networks
Non Mission
Critical data
(commercial
LTE)
Mission
Critical Data
(Private LTE)
Mission
Critical Voice
(Private LTE)
Single sign-on services (security) Communications
services - including PMR/LMR applications
Subscriber & group management, group calls, etc.
Cloud - based Applications including
Control Room Applications
1 2 3 4
TIME / STAGE
Mission Critical voice services Until LTE
readiness & maturity
Upgrade Learn Build Migrate
Strategic: requires spectrum for private LTE
Using commercial 3G/4G carriers
BB system introduction and coexistence
Source: Cassidian
The application is focused on coexistence between Narrowband PMR
systems and Broadband PMR systems. Narrowband systems for voice
communications and low data rate communications: (1)TETRA, (2)
TETRAPOL, (3) APCO 25 These systems are using 10 to 25 kHz
bandwidths. For high data rate communications, LTE is the system that
is targeted to be used for
future PMR Broadband.
Bandwidths of
1.4 MHz,
3 MHz,
5 MHZ,
10Mhz
are considered.
Handset and infrastructure ecosystem
LTE provides numerous benefits that make it attractive for partnerships
between jurisdictions, and between public and private organizations.
Experts predict there will be
more partnerships as more
public safety agencies begin
moving forward with
deployments.
Financial benefits as shown in
right figure, it is dramatically
more cost-effective to build a
network as part of a public-
private partnership rather
than on a standalone basis.
Source: Bell Labs
-10%
Use of a commercial wireless carrier
In the US, it is expected that FirstNet will select an Internet Packet
Exchange (IPX) provider to handle the connectivity between the
NPSBN and the various commercial networks with whom NPBSN
creates roaming agreements.
When roaming
onto commercial
networks, it may be
desirable to route
certain traffic, such
as Internet traffic,
locally in the
commercial LTE
network.
Source: NPSTC
NPBSN
Commercial LTE
First Responder Network Authority
The ‘Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012’
directs First Responder Network Authority (FirstNet), a new
entity within NTIA, to establish a single nationwide, interoperable
public safety broadband network. It will develop recommended
technical requirements to ensure nationwide interoperability, based
on the LTE standard. FCC will facilitate transition of public safety
broadband spectrum (700 MHz D Block) to FirstNet.
http://www.ntia.doc.gov/category/firstnet
Source: FirstNet
Developing internet
protocol specs
ITU-R/T
Developing Mobile
application specs
Organisational Partners
Referring to 3GPP specs
(contributed by
individual members)
Partners of 3GPP
Referring to 3GPP specs for
the local specs
Referring to specs
Cross reference
of specs
Developing Wireless
LAN/MAN specs
Requirements
Input
specs
Japan EU Korea China North America
MRP
Developing
Recommendations
Terminal
Certification
Terminal certification
based on 3GPP specs
Cross reference
of specs
Relationship between 3GPP and other SDOs
Source: 3GPP
ITU-R Study Group Meetings: Working Party 5D
WRC
SGs & SC
CPM
RR Rec
RofP
Radiocommunication Bureau
Director RRB
Final Acts
ITU Member States (including
Regional Groups, Informal Group)
Revisions to RR,
Resolutions & Questions,
Recommendations Reports
Technical bases
RA RRB: Radio Regulations Board
SGs: Radio-communication
Study Groups
SC: Special Committee
(Regulation & Proc.)
RA: Radio-communication
Assembly
WRC: World Radio-
communication Conference
Deployment Product R&D Standard Research and Technology Trials
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
WRC-2012 WRC-2015 WRC-2019 5G
Source: ITU & Huawei
Broadband Spectrum in America (Region 2)
• United States was the first country to allocate Broadband Public Safety
spectrum.
• Initially 5+5 MHz spectrum was allocated by the USA for dedicated
Broadband Public Safety spectrum. Earlier this year US Congress passed
a law allocating the additional 5+5 MHz dedicated PSBB spectrum.
• Recently Canada has also indicated its intention to follow a similar
allocation Source: ITU
Broadband Spectrum in EMEA (Region 1)
• Europe's 700 MHz digital dividend is only 30+30 MHz and all of this
will be allocated to Public cellular operators.
• Broadband PPDR spectrum in Region 1 may be found in Digital
Dividend 2 which is expected beyond 2015
• Some countries in Europe are looking at some interim solutions in the
lower frequency bands around 400 MHz.
• However, sufficient broadband spectrum may not be available in those
bands. Source: ITU
Broadband Spectrum in Asia (Region 3)
• Many Asian countries will adopt APT band plan for 700 MHz Digital
Dividend.
• Some countries in Asia will allocate the Lower 10+10 MHz (703-
713/758-768) for Broadband PPDR.
• The advantage of the lower portion is that it will provide buffer for the
DTV below 698 MHz in terms of co-existence and protection to the TV
services. Source: ITU
Other Broadband Spectrum Option
• Some Asian countries (e.g. Australia, Singapore) are also looking at the
800 MHz band, which has been planned by 3GPP for LTE under Band
26. Within this band, any 10+10 MHz could be used for Broadband
PPDR.
• Some Region 3 countries are also considering use the US band plan.
Within the US 700 MHz band, 3GPP Band 13 or 14 could be used for
Broadband PPDR for which PSLTE devices are already available.
• One Region 3 Country is considering 1.4 GHz Band while Some
countries are also looking at 2.3 GHz IMT Band. Source: ITU
Conclusions
• 3GPP has started work on public safety standards
– Meet market needs in an interoperable manner
– Technical participation in Release 12 is needed
• LTE based public safety networks
– Use common off the shelf technology
– Improve on existing capabilities with broadband and
multimedia
• Work beyond 3GPP
– New business opportunities with commercial mobile operators
– Interworking and migration need careful consideration
– ITU’s Working Party 5A dealing notably with allocations for
Public Protection and Disaster Relief (PPDR)
Reference
1. http://www.3gpp.org/Public-Safety
2. http://www.3gpp.org/Public-Safety-LTE-gains-momentum
3. Radio Communications for Emergency Response and Disaster Relief
(http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/asp/CMS/Events/2012/NBTC-
disaster/S6_MrBhatia.pdf)
4. EMPhAtiC – Standardization Strategy
(http://www.ict-ras.eu/index.php/meetings)
5. Public safety LTE: A How-to Guide
(http://criticalcommunicationsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/tetra11/14691-
Alcatel-Lucent_How-to-guide_LTE-for-Public-Safety_Global_edition_EN.pdf)
6. http://gcn.com/Articles/2013/04/08/Why-LTE-is-the-next-generation-in-
wireless.aspx?Page=2
7. http://www.radioresourcemag.com/onlyonline.cfm?OnlyOnlineID=400
Q&A