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Welcome to AP BiologySaturday Study Session
Ecology
Question 1
aClue: biological magnification
Biological Magnification Question 2
dClue: fungicide
Net Primary Production Question 3
cClue: 10% rule
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Food Chains and the 10% Rule of Energy Energy Flows and Matter Cycles
Microorganismsand other
detritivores
Tertiaryconsumers
Secondaryconsumers
DetritusPrimary consumers
Sun
Primary producers
Heat
Key
Chemical cyclingEnergy flow
Question 4
cClue: new individuals
Ecosystems with little diversity are less resilient to changes in the environment
Question 5
bClue: changes in penguin populations due
to global climate change
Distribution of Species and Ecosystems CHANGE OVER TIME
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Question 6
dClue: # of species ↓ without Pisaster
Keystone vs. DominantSpecies
Invasive Species Question 7
bClue: significantly higher primary
production with Fe
Organisms must exchange matter with the environment to grow, reproduce, and
maintain organization
Question 8
cClue: bars do not overlap
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Amount of ATP used by Na+/K+‐ATPase as a function of temperature in (A) foot muscle and (B) hepatopancreas.
Ramnanan C J , and Storey K B J Exp Biol 2006;209:677-688
©2006 by The Company of Biologists Ltd
Na+/K+‐ATPase consumes lots of cellular ATP in active snails.
Organisms respond to changes in their environment through behavioral and physiological mechanisms.
Question 9
aClue: learned and innate behaviors may
increase survival
Math Grid In 1 Math Grid In 1
The correct answer: 840 ants/month
Solution:
r N N = 15,000/15 = 1,000
0.9x1,000 , ,, = 840 ants/month
Math Grid In 2
The correct answer: 4.05
Solution:50% of 2.7 x 105 kg/hectare = 1.35 x 105 kg/hectare
1.35 x 105 kg/hectare x 3 hectare = 4.05 x 105 kg
Give answer to the nearest hundredth of 105 kg = 4.05
In case you are curious: 1 hectare = 10,000 square meters or 2.5 acres
Carbon Cycle
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Short Free Response 14 points possible
Defines ecological role – 1 pt each Details, mechanism, elaboration – 1 pt each
Parasite • +/‐ interactions.• Limiting factor in host population size.• Selective agent on host species.
• How disease is induced and/or maintained.
• Population control (balance in ecosystems).
Mutualistic symbiont
• +/+ interactions.• Expands niche.• Enhances competitive fitness (may
confer resistance).
• Implications of specific symbiosis (e.g., availability of nitrogen).
• Maintains normal flora and its benefits.
• Early exposure inducesantibody formation.
Decomposer • Recycles nutrients.• May also be a mutualistic symbiont.• Removes wastes and harmful
products (pesticides, oil spills).
• Dead organisms and waste as a source of nutrients.
• Steps in nitrogen cycle(details, not duplication).
Nitrogen Cycle
Short Free Response 24 points possible
• 10% rule/not all energy transferred to next level/very little energy transferred to next level/energy becoming lost at each level.
• Explanation of energy loss (e.g., used in metabolism, locomotion, etc.).
• Lost energy as heat/entropy/2nd law illustrated as heat loss or inefficiency.
• Energy pyramid (explained).• More energy at producer level than at consumer levels.• Scarcity of energy at higher trophic levels.• Limited number of consumer levels.• Very few top carnivores.• 1st law illustrates conversion of solar energy to chemical
energy or conversion of chemical energy to chemical energy (e.g., glucose to ATP).
Long Free Response
Please see the rubric in the separate folder.