Download - Oral Report on Urban Migration
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Urban and Rural
Migration
By
Porfirio B. Tizon
PLM-Graduate School of Management
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OBJECTIVES
Learn the causes of massive rural to urbanmigration that led to the formation ofMega Cities in the Philippines.
Present the institutional urbandevelopment models that implementedan approach, which designed tostrengthen rural-urban linkages(economic, social, physical,environmental) and reduce the magnitudeof internal migration.
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List some of the factors responsiblefor the success as well as some of itsproblems and limitations in
addressing rural-urban migration.
Disseminate lessons learned for
purposes of academic discussions.
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Definition of terms
Urbanization migration of people from rural areas to the
cities or peripheries Urban-refers to cities or town centers
Suburbanization-outskirts of the cities
Migration-movement of people from one geographical region toanother
Urban agglomeration-extended city or town area
Bypass implant urbanism-private property developershave created urban development projects cutting through thecongested and decaying spaces of the public city to allow a freer flowof people and capital, and to implant spaces for new forms ofproduction and consumption into the urban fabric .
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Causes of Rural to Urban
Migration in the Philippines
Lack of capital for enterprise developmentin areas far from major cities
Inability to shift to more efficient andproductive farming technologies on thepart of the farmers who are resisting
change in their traditional farming waysand also their inability to afford the moremodern agricultural technologies beingpropagated.
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Dwindling natural resources in thecountryside
Lack of capital for enterprise developmentin areas far from major cities
Attractiveness of life in the cities due toavailability of services (recreational,health, educational)
Continued armed conflict or insurgency insome regions of the country whichdisrupted the livelihood of ruralcommunities
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Areas of Focus
Economic promotion
Tourism
Land use planning and management
Environmental management
Infrastructure development Basic services delivery
Public safety and security
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Areas of Recommendations
Proper management of urban growthand prevent the occurrence of
problems confronting Metro Manila
due to urban congestion such as highunemployment rates, rapid growth of
informal or slum settlements leading
to deplorable living conditions, trafficcongestion, degradation of the
environment and overall decline in
the quality of life.
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Providing viable livelihood
opportunities to those residing in therural areas by effectively linking themto technology and processing centers,
logistical and distribution channels,thereby, providing a more balancedrural and urban economic
development rather than thedepletion and exhaustion of resourcesin the countryside.
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To effectively address the issue of
environmental sustainability which isat risk if heavy rural to urbanmigration trends continue such as the
presence of informal settlers indanger zones (natural and man-madedisaster risk areas) causing flooding,
earthquake damage and landslidesleading to loss of lives and properties.
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Policies and Programs in Response
to Out migration
Improvement of Conditions in Rural Areas
Creation of Jobs
Livelihood Projects Creation of Countryside Business Enterprises
Dispersal of State Educational Institutions
Enjoining Urban Migrants to Return to their
places of Origin Discouraging the Entry of Migrants to the
City
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EFFECTS OF RURAL
DEPOPULATION
Out migration losses younger and better
educated population Reduction of agricultural productivity
Losses educated labor force
Results in retarded regional and balanceddevelopment
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Decentralization and Making LGUs
Viable Development Institutions
Transfer of substantial national government
funds Technical manpower
Generating more financial resources
Full utilization of Taxing powers Intensifying revenue collections
Exploiting potential sources of income
Institution building strategy
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Urban Development models
Public Choice Model
The Growth machine model
The Value of Place Model
The Controversial Development model
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Public Choice model
market values and motivations drive cityofficials to pursue economic revitalizationwith the goal of attracting more privateinvestment.
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The Growth and machine Model
the systems and the consequences of urbaneconomic development through the actionsof the business and political interests unitedin the growth machine.
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The Value of Place model
A street of residential homes and a shoppingmall with a supermarket represent significantuse values to neighborhood residents. The
street derives value from the fact that localresidents appreciate the homes andsupermarket in their present forms
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The Controversial
Development model pro-growth politicians and business elite try
to dominate economic development in manycities by restricting opposition tocontroversial projects.
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CONCLUSIONS Urban and rural development policies,
plans and programs should be given equal
importance and be properly aligned tominimize inequities and growthimbalances.
Tripartite urban planning, the initiativeshould come from the local governmentand other sectors in the community
including the NGOs and those from theprivate business sector rather than
dictated upon by the central government.
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Top to bottom
Bottom up approach planning Multi-stakeholders participation is
necessary to ensure the ownership of the
programs and projects.
LGUs must be willing to bear a proportional
share of the cost of maintaining the day-to dayoperations
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Municipalities that still have highdependence on internal revenueallotments from the central governmentshould raise their revenue generation and
collection. This will also reduce theinterference of the central government onthe local policies ,plans and programs.
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Continuing capacity building is essential toenhance the technical capacity of LGUs to
meet the development challenges. Privatization of urban development in
Metro Manila as well as regional planninginitiatives in other parts of the country.
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Large property developers shall assumednew planning powers translate it to nationalpolicy and developed visions for developmentin the metropolis and the surrounding mega-urban regions.
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Sharing of Experiences on
the Challenge of Rural-to-Urban
Mobilization and
International Migration
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Hon. Ma. Lourdes Fernando
Marikina City
Facing the Challenges of
Urbanization : The Issue of In-
migration
Hon. Feliciano "Sonny"Belmonte
Quezon City
Hon. Sigfrido Tinga
Taguig City
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Thank You