rural to urban migration in india
DESCRIPTION
PowerPoint examining the push and pull factors for people moving from rural areas to urban areas within India. It also looks at the consequences for the urban areas due to this movement.TRANSCRIPT
Rural to Urban Migration in India
Quick quiz to check your progress!
1. What do we call the place migration begins?2. What do we call factors that prevent movement
even if people want it?3. What factors dominate in the places people go
to?4. What do we call movement back to where you
began?5. What type of migration occurs from one country
to another?6. What is the main reason for migration?7. What type of job is a fisherman?8. What type of job is a person who works in a
shoe shop?9. What type of job is a person who works in a
meat processing works?
Quick quiz to check your progress!
1. What do we call the place migration begins?SOURCE2. What do we call factors that prevent movement even if people
want it?OBSTACLES3. What factors dominate in the places people go to?PULL FACTORS4. What do we call movement back to where you began?COUNTERSTREAM5. What type of migration occurs from one country to another?EXTERNAL MIGRATION6. What is the main reason for migration?JOBS7. What type of job is a fisherman?PRIMARY8. What type of job is a person who works in a shoe shop?TERTIARY9. What type of job is a person who works in a meat processing
works?SECONDARY
Internal Migration in IndiaPut the above title in your book and copy the
following information
The poorest parts of India are in the countryside
The richest parts of India are in cities
Therefore the most common movement is from rural to urban
This is called urbanisation………
Migration Statistics (copy the below information)External Migration is not important in India as it is a poor country Only 6 million or less than 1% of the
population are born overseas. Most of these are illegal migrants from Bangladesh and Nepal.
External migration is more important in New Zealand. Here 23% of the population is born overseas
On a full page in your book rule up the following diagram and title the page INTERNAL MIGRATION IN INDIA
RURALpush factors
URBANpull factors
OBSTACLES
CONSEQUENCES FOR URBAN AREAS
INTERNAL MIGRATION IN INDIA As you go through the power point fill in
the migration model you have drawn with facts you can use.
Try to keep your points brief but look to include statistics you could use in the exam later in the year
72% of People in India live in more than 500,000 villages.
80% of these have fewer than 1,000 people so have few services and are very basic with no infrastructure (electricity or water)
25% of people live below the poverty line
PUSH FACTORS
Many are inaccessible and remote – Kashmir is 1,500m high and 1,000 km from the sea
Land can only be used if terraced
Almost everyone (52% nationally) is a farmer with most growing food for themselves
Everything is done by hand – modern technology is rare
The poor conditions lead to many diseases like TB. There are 57 million malnourished children in India
The little work available for money is hard and physical
There is a strict social structure- most of the land is owned by a few wealthy often city based landlords
Tradition such as the castes structure is strong Lower caste Hindus (untouchables)
protest after being prevented from voting.
Hinduism does not promote a desire for change – they are vary of this as it is not understood
As money is scarce children are sent out to work often as soon as they can walk – India has 17 million children working like this – the highest in the world
Although it is illegal to employ someone under the age of 14 the laws are not enforced
Another problem is the system of family inheritance. Land is divided on death between sons – over time plots
are too small to be of use
Conditions are primitive – cooking is on open fires
Rural schools lack basic equipment and are crowded with 50 to a class as few teachers are available
All advice has to be passed down by word of mouth as many are illiterate – only 46% of women here can read.
Young People especially feel that rural areas do not provide them with enough and if they can they will move
Often families will encourage young people to move to the city for work and send money home
OBSTACLES
However several obstacles must first be overcome. Family resistance
Enough money for the move
Family ties – it is why they are mainly young
Transport to get there
PULL FACTORS
In comparison the city is seen as exciting with more to do
There are more people to meet – New Delhi has a population of 22 million
Facilities are better – it has electricity, water and adequate sanitation (urban– 60%, rural – 25%)
Education is better for all
The health care is better, there are 29 hospitals in Mumbai
Jobs earning money are available
You are not so held back by social attitude and tradition like castes
CONSEQUENCES FOR URBAN AREAS
However the change is not without problems
People arrive with no money so are forced to live in shanty towns or Bustees such as Dharavi in Mumbai
It is estimated that 40% of Mumbai’s 20 million people live like this
The bustees lack any basic facilities and crime and violence are common
While the poor want jobs they are hard to get so are not well paid – sweatshop labour is common
Or you work as for the rich as cheap servants such as doing their laundry
Begging is common
These areas are hit hard in the Monsoon season (July to September) diseases like Cholera are rampant
However what can the government do to solve these problems?
They have no money to rehouse everyone
Plus If they bulldoze them down and replace with smart apartments where do the people go as they cannot afford the rents. Over 2 million Indians are ‘homeless” as it is
Some high rise apartments for poor have been built but they are not popular as rents are still high
Despite all this the cities still have more opportunity than rural areas as money is invested here. Urbanisation is a trend that continues to rise at too fast a rate.