Download - Lotico oct 2010
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Introduction to Semantic Web
Dean AllemangChief Scientist, TopQuadrant Inc.
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© Copyright 2007-2010 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 2
Formed in 2001 Privately held First Semantic Web Consulting Firm in the U.S.
Products: TopBraid Suite Semantic Web Application Development Platform 600+ Customers
Solution Services Workshops: Solution Envisioning,
Ontology Modeling Jumpstarts to Large Implementations
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Strategic Partnerships Oracle, Franz, CTG
Corporate Overview
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© Copyright 2007-2010 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 3
Semantic Representation of Data and Models (Ontologies)
A model of the concepts and relationships between concepts within a specific domain.
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Semantic Web Standards:- RDF - RDFS
- SPARQL - OWL
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© Copyright 2007-2010 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 4
Semantic Web: Make web content machine-readable!
“The Semantic Web is a vision: the idea of having data on the Web defined and linked in a way that it can be used by machines not just for display purposes, but for automation, integration and reuse of data across various applications.[W3C 2001] ”
“The Semantic Web is an extension of the current Web in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation.” [Tim Berners-Lee et al 2001]
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© Copyright 2007-2010 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 5
What could the Web do?
Web page interaction – uses people as its medium!
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© Copyright 2007-2010 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 6
What could the Web do? (cont.)
Can this sort of interactionbecome part of the Web itself?
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© Copyright 2007-2010 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 7
How could the Web do it?
Built-in by the Webmaster
Agree upon an “interlingua”
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© Copyright 2007-2010 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 8
A new Web of terminology
Use the same technology for mapping web pages to terminologyto map terminology to one another
What’s the Interlingua for the Interlingua?
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© Copyright 2007-2010 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 9
What about people? Don’t they make the world go round?
OntologyOntology
Annotated Web Page
Annotated Web Page
computers and people…better cooperation
Annotated Web Page
Agent
Ontology
Human
Internet
Source:, Phil Windridge WSWS (2004)
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© Copyright 2007-2010 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 10
The Web: The World’s Largest Information System!
How did it get so big? What is special about The Web?
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© Copyright 2007-2010 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 11
Semantic Web Standards Stack
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© Copyright 2007-2010 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 12
How Semantic Languages Work
Bring information together Draw inferences
RDF
RDFS
OWL
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© Copyright 2007-2010 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 13
What is RDF? Distribution of data
IDModel No.
Division Product LineManufacture location
SKUInStock
1 ZX-3Manufacturing support
Paper machine Sacramento FB3524 23
2 ZX-3PManufacturing support
Paper machine Sacramento KD5243 4
3 ZX-3SManufacturing support
Paper machine Sacramento IL4028 34
4 B-1430Control Engineering
Feedback Line Elizabeth KS4520 23
5 B-1430XControl Engineering
Feedback Line Elizabeth CL5934 14
6 B-1431Control Engineering
Active Sensor Seoul KK3945 0
7 DBB-12 Accessories Monitor Hong Kong ND5520 100
8 SP-1234 Safety Safety Valve Cleveland HI4554 4
9 SPX-1234 Safety Safety Valve Cleveland OP5333 14
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© Copyright 2007-2010 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 14
Distribute by rows?
1 ZX-3 Manufacturing support Paper machine Sacramento FB3524 23
4 B-1430
Control Engineering
Feedback Line Elizabeth KS4520 23
7 DBB-12 Accessories Monitor Hong Kong ND5520 100
Needs common schema - which column is which?
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© Copyright 2007-2010 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 15
Distribute by columns?
Division
Manufacturing support
Manufacturing support
Manufacturing support
Control Engineering
Control Engineering
Control Engineering
Accessories
Safety
Safety
In Stock
23
4
34
23
14
0
100
4
14
Model No.
ZX-3
ZX-3P
ZX-3S
B-1430
B-1430X
B-1431
DBB-12
SP-1234
SPX-1234
Needs to reference entities – which thing are
we talking about?
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© Copyright 2007-2010 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 16
Distribute by cells!?
Needs to reference both schema and entities
Most flexible – can distribute data in any way at all!
Division
7 Accessories
Product Line
4 Feedback Line
Model
1 ZX-3
Division
7 Accessories
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© Copyright 2007-2010 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 17
Distribute by cells!?
Division
7 Accessories
Subject
Predicate
Object
URI’s
Triple Store
• Store, • Index, and • Federate these triples
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© Copyright 2007-2009 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 18
Thinking “Outside of the Table”
01-02 9.3 6.4 3.5 3.0 2.8
01-02 9.3 6.4 3.5 3.0 2.8
01-02 9.3 6.4 3.5 3.0 2.8
01-02 9.3 6.4 3.5 3.0 2.8
01-02 9.3 6.4 3.5 3.0 2.8
01-02 9.3 6.4 3.5 3.0 2.8
01-02 9.3 6.4 3.5 3.0 2.8
01-02 9.3 6.4 3.5 3.0 2.8
Agricultural production-crops4 01 7.6 5.3 3.0 2.4 2.3
Agricultural production-crops4 01 7.6 5.3 3.0 2.4 2.3
Agricultural production-crops4 01 7.6 5.3 3.0 2.4 2.3
Agricultural production-crops4 01 7.6 5.3 3.0 2.4 2.3
Agricultural production-crops4 01 7.6 5.3 3.0 2.4 2.3
Agricultural production-crops4 01 7.6 5.3 3.0 2.4 2.3
Agricultural production-crops4 01 7.6 5.3 3.0 2.4 2.3
Agricultural production-crops4 01 7.6 5.3 3.0 2.4 2.3
Agricultural production - livestock4 02 1.7 1.1 0.5 0.6 0.6
Agricultural production - livestock4 02 1.7 1.1 0.5 0.6 0.6
Agricultural production - livestock4 02 1.7 1.1 0.5 0.6 0.6
Agricultural production - livestock4 02 1.7 1.1 0.5 0.6 0.6
Agricultural production - livestock4 02 1.7 1.1 0.5 0.6 0.6
Agricultural production - livestock4 02 1.7 1.1 0.5 0.6 0.6
Agricultural production - livestock4 02 1.7 1.1 0.5 0.6 0.6
Agricultural production - livestock4 02 1.7 1.1 0.5 0.6 0.6
Agricultural services 07 12.4 7.6 4.4 3.2 4.8
Agricultural services 07 12.4 7.6 4.4 3.2 4.8
Agricultural services 07 12.4 7.6 4.4 3.2 4.8
Agricultural services 07 12.4 7.6 4.4 3.2 4.8
Agricultural services 07 12.4 7.6 4.4 3.2 4.8
Agricultural services 07 12.4 7.6 4.4 3.2 4.8
Agricultural services 07 12.4 7.6 4.4 3.2 4.8
Agricultural services 07 12.4 7.6 4.4 3.2 4.8
1.4 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.6
1.4 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.6
1.4 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.6
1.4 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.6
1.4 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.6
1.4 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.6
1.4 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.6
1.4 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.6
Oil and gas extraction 13 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.5
Oil and gas extraction 13 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.5
Oil and gas extraction 13 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.5
Oil and gas extraction 13 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.5
Oil and gas extraction 13 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.5
Oil and gas extraction 13 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.5
Oil and gas extraction 13 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.5
Oil and gas extraction 13 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.5
Nonmetallic minerals mining6 14 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1
Nonmetallic minerals mining6 14 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1
Nonmetallic minerals mining6 14 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1
Nonmetallic minerals mining6 14 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1
Nonmetallic minerals mining6 14 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1
Nonmetallic minerals mining6 14 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1
Nonmetallic minerals mining6 14 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1
Nonmetallic minerals mining6 14 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1
49.8 32.7 23.5 9.3 17.1
49.8 32.7 23.5 9.3 17.1
49.8 32.7 23.5 9.3 17.1
49.8 32.7 23.5 9.3 17.1
49.8 32.7 23.5 9.3 17.1
49.8 32.7 23.5 9.3 17.1
49.8 32.7 23.5 9.3 17.1
49.8 32.7 23.5 9.3 17.1
Adapted from a slide by Dean Allemang
From Tables to Linked Data
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© Copyright 2007-2010 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 19
Representing Data in Graphs
Graph = nodes linked by labeled edges
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© Copyright 2007-2010 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 20
What is RDFS?
RDFS is the schema language for RDFType inferences can be made, based on schema
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© Copyright 2007-2010 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 21
Why is RDFS useful?
RDFS allows us to talk about classes of instances
It provides inferences, e.g.,
Best Western is a Hotel
(and hence, anything we know about Hotelsapplies to Best Western)
RDFS is in RDF (it’s its own schema language!)
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© Copyright 2007-2010 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 22
gov: EPA
A little RDF(S) goes a long way
gov: department
gov: agency
gov: body
A model of government agencies and departments. Such models are called Ontologies.
brm: Business Area brm: Line Of Business
brm: subfunction
brm:Resource Mgmt
brm: s2citizens brm:Energy
eGOV: capability
eGOV: Standard
eGOV:Service SpeceGOV: Remote Reporting
eGOV: web service
eGovOS: project
gov: FERCgov: DoE
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© Copyright 2007-2010 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 23
Ontologies are the means to separate “what is common” from “what is different”
From Tim Berners-Lee, ISWC 2003
Semantic map: Connecting silo domains
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© Copyright 2007-2010 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 24
OWL (formerly DAML+OIL)
What is OWL?
The “Web Ontology Language” W3C Standard DAML
DAML+OIL
OIL
OWL
RDF
DARPA EU (various)
W3C
Became a Recommendation in February 2004
... for Owl, wise though he was in many ways, able to read and write and spell his own name ...
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© Copyright 2007-2010 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 25
Function Start Date OperatedBy
Air And Radiation
Jan 1, 1994 EPA
Financial Management
Aug 31, 1999 OMB
Compensation Oct 1, 2003 OMB
… … …
<Agency name=“EPA”> <OperatesLOB>SWER</OperatesLOB> <OperatesLOB>Water Quality Reporting</OperatesLOB> <OperatesLOB>Acid Rain Monitoring</OperatesLOB></Agency>
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© Copyright 2007-2010 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 26
OWL can specify rich relationships: equivalence, inverse, unique, …
Q: What is operatedBy EPA? A: AirAndRadiation Q: What is operatedBy EPA? A: SWER, AirAndRatiation Q: What is operatedBy EPA? A: SWER
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© Copyright 2007-2010 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 27
SPARQL
SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language
Query Language (like SQL is for databases, XQuery is for XML, etc.)
Extracts information from a graph using pattern matching
“Four-star lodging in New York”
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© Copyright 2007-2010 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 28
Find data in a graph
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© Copyright 2007-2010 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 29
TopBraid Suite™
Enterprise Application Deployment and Use
(Ontology Modeling and Application Development
to
Complete Semantic Application Lifecycle Support
Semantic Web Modeling and Application Development
Environment
Enterprise Platform for Semantic Web
Applications
Semantic Web Application Assembly
Toolkit
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© Copyright 2007-2010 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 30
Data.Gov
Data.gov – collection of government data sets made available to the world to use
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© Copyright 2007-2010 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 31
Sample Dataset: #1329
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© Copyright 2007-2010 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 32
FHEO Filed Cases
What does the data look like?
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© Copyright 2007-2010 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 33
Metadata for the data
What are the fields? What do they mean?
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© Copyright 2007-2010 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 34
How can we use it?
Dataset 1329FHEO Filings(data.gov)
Counties/Locations
SPARQL Rules
FHEO Data Description
TopBriad Suite uses Semantic Web Standards to mash up data
TopBriad Suite uses Semantic Web Standards to mash up data
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© Copyright 2007-2010 TopQuadrant Inc. Slide 35
Display data mash-up
Rules for color coding encoded in SPARQL Rules Yahoo! Map served up through TopBraid Ensemble™