Download - Lipid Chemistry
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CHEMISTRY OF LIPIDS
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LIPID CHEMISTRY
Definition Classification
Biological importance
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LIPID CHEMISTRY
organic substances relatively insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents like chloroform,
ether and benzene
Definition LIPIDS
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CLASSIFICATION OF LIPIDS
Simple lipids
Complex lipids
Derived lipids
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SIMPLE LIPIDSThey are esters of FA with various alcohols
Depending on the type of alcohol they are esterified
with they are subclassified as Neutral fats or Oils
Alcohol is GLYCEROL
Waxes
Alcohol other than
glycerol
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NEUTRAL FATS OR OILSEsters of FA with the
alcohol GLYCEROL
Uncharged
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WAXESEsters of FA with higher molecular weight monohydric alcohols
EXAMPLES Lanolin Beeswax Carnauba Sperm whale oil Synthetic
spermaceti
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These are esters of FA with alcohol containing additional[prosthetic] groups.Subclassified according to the type of prosthetic
group
Phospholipids Glycolipids Lipoproteins
COMPLEX LIPIDS
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FA + ALCOHOL + PHOSPHORIC ACID
PHOSPHOLIPIDS
They frequently have
nitrogen containing bases
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Phospholipids may be classified on the basis of the type of alcohol present
PHOSPHOLIPIDS
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A. Glycerophospholipids
B. Sphingophospholipids
ALCOHOL IS GLYCEROL ALCOHOL IS SPHINGOSINEPhosphatidylcholine Phosphatidyl
ethanolaminePhosphatidyl serinePhosphatidyl
inositolPlasmalogensCardiolipins
Sphingomyelins
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SPHINGOPHOSPHOLIPID
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FA + ALCOHOL[SPINGOSINE] + CARBOHYDRATE WITH NITROGEN BASE
They do not contain any phosphate group
Examples Cerebrosides Gangliosides
GLYCOLIPIDS
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GLYCOLIPIDS
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Chylomicrons Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)Low density lipoprotein (LDL)High density lipoprotein (HDL)
LIPOPROTEINS
Lipid with prosthetic group PROTEIN
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Derived from lipids (simple or complex) or precursors of lipids
Examples Fatty acids Steroids Cholest
erol Vitamin A and D
DERIVED LIPIDS
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FUNCTIONS OF LIPIDS
Storage form of energy
Structural component of cell membran
e
Precursor of many steroid
hormones, vitamin
D
Act as thermal insulator
Protection of internal
organs
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FUNCTIONS OF LIPIDS
Bile acids help in
absorption of fat soluble
vitamins
Lipoproteins serve
to transport
lipids
Fats serve as
surfactants by
reducing surface tension
Improve food taste
and medicatio
n palatabilit
y
Act as electric
insulators in neurons
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