Download - FERA RISZA
RISZA FIRMANSYAH6512040065
K3-5C
Fire & Explosion Risk Assessment
RoslinormansyahEHS Manager PT. Alstom
Power ESI
Outline of Lecture
1. Understanding Fire and Explosion
3. Selection safeguard for Fire and Explosion’ s Risk Control
2. Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazard
Understanding Fire and Explosion
Understanding Fire and Explosion
History of Fire and Explosion Incident
Carbide Industries, Fire & Explosion
March , 2011
Understanding Fire and Explosion
History of Fire and Explosion Incident
Kleen Energy, Explosion
June, 2009
Understanding Fire and Explosion
Definition
1. Fire : A slow combustion that significant without overpressure
2. Explosion : A release of energy that causes a blast
3. Flammability Limit : The minimum (lower,LFL) and maximum concentration of combustible vapor in
air that will propagate a flame
(source : Guidelines CPQRA, AIChE, 2000)
Understanding Fire and Explosion
Basic Philosophy
Understanding Fire and Explosion
Philosophy of FERA
Flammability Limits range
Objective of FERA
Understanding Fire and Explosion
Flammability Limits (FL) = ƒ (suhu, tekanan, inert gas)
Flammability Limits (FL)
Understanding Fire and Explosion
Combusation = ƒ (FL, Minimum Ignition Energy (MIE), Surface Area)
Philosophy of Combustion
Understanding Fire and Explosion
Fire occurance step
1. Jet Fire2. Flash Fire3. Pool Fire4. Fireball
Understanding Fire and Explosion
Explosion occurance step
Explosion
Physical Explosion Chemical Explosion
1. Overpressure2. BLEVE - Fireball3. RPT 4. UVCE/CVE
1. Runway reaction
Understanding Fire and Explosion
Physical Properties Key Factor of Flammable
1. Boiling Point2. Vapor Pressure3. Flash Point4. Autoignition5. Enthalphy of Combustion (ΔHc)6. MIE7. Density8. Conductivity of material9. Size of material
Understanding Fire and Explosion
Environmental Properties Key Factor of Fire /Explosion
1. Operational Parameter (Pressure, Flowrate, Temp, etc)
2. Lay-out of unit process/equipment
3. Installation (congested, confined, etc)
4. Source of heat (open fire, conductive heat, static electric, etc)
5. Meteorogical condition (Wind speed, direction, etc)
6. Leakage dimension (bore, rupture, hole, etc)
Understanding Fire and Explosion
Impact of Fire & Explosion
1. Breakage the molecular bond
2. Heat Flux / Heat Radition
3. Poisonous Gas
4. Blast Wave/Shock Wave
5. Debris trajectory/projectile
Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazard
Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Overall Risk Assessment Process
Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Detail Risk Assessment Process
Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Step 1 – Describe system and identify hazards
Scenario Development
Screening Method
Credible Scenario
Potential Accident Scenario
Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Step 1 – Describe system and identify hazards
Scenario Development
– Merupakan “critical step” dalam FERA - Key word : Loss of Containment- Tool yang umum dipergunakan
What-If HAZOPs FMEA Incident Analysis Tie-Bow Analysis
Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Step 1 – Describe system and identify hazards
Screening Method
– Mencari scenario yang memiliki tingkat “rangking/index” yang besar
- Umumnya berbagai scenario tersebut dibandingkan
- Metode yang umumnya dipergunakan : Kualitatif : Risk Rating, Expert Adviser Semi-kuantitatif : TNO-Purple Book Method, DFEI, DCEI
AHP (expert judgement), SWeHI, MaxCred Method
Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Step 1 – Describe system and identify hazards
Credible Scenario
Merupakan scenario yang akan dianalisis lebih lanjut tingkat “consequences” dan “probability”-nya
Merupakan model yang memiliki tingkat “kemiripan” yang tinggi bila terjadi accident
Tidak menggambarkan secara keseluruhan (each system has particular credible scenario)
Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Step 2 – Determination of frequency and consequences
Frequency
Menggambarkan tingkat “failure” setiap peralatan yang terlibat dalam Credible Scenario
Memiliki satuan (……../waktu)
Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Step 2 – Determination of frequency and consequences
Frequency
Fault Tree Analysis
Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Frequency
Event Tree Analysis
Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion HazardsFrequency
Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Consequences
Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Consequences
Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
ConsequencesImpact Calculation of Explosion
TNT Method
TNO Method
BST Method
Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Consequences
Impact Calculation of Explosion
TNT Method
Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
ConsequencesImpact Calculation of Explosion
TNO Method
Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
ConsequencesImpact Calculation of Explosion
BST Method
Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
ConsequencesImpact Calculation of Fire
Fire Ball Effect
Pool Fire Effect
Jet Fire Effect
Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
ConsequencesImpact Calculation of Fire
Fire Ball Effect
Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
ConsequencesImpact Calculation of Fire
Pool Fire Effect
Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
ConsequencesImpact Calculation of Fire
Jet Fire Effect
Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Estimating the Risk Analysis
Explosion Frequency
Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Estimating the Risk Analysis
Fire Ball Frequency
Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Estimating the Risk Analysis
Pool Fire Frequency
Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Estimating the Risk Analysis
Individual Risk Calculation
Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Estimating the Risk Analysis
Societal Risk Calculation
Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Risk Criteria
Framework of Risk Assessment on Fire and Explosion Hazards
Fire and Explosion Risk Assessment Result
Selection safeguard for Fire and Explosion’ s Risk Control
Selection safeguard for Fire and Explosion’ s Risk Control
Startegy Prevention and Mitigation
Prevention Barrier
Mitigation Barrier
Selection safeguard for Fire and Explosion’ s Risk Control
Prevention Barrier
1. Inherently Safe Practice Principles Minimize: Reducing the amount of hazardous material present at
any one time Substitute: Replacing one material with another of less hazard Moderate: Reducing the strength of an effect Simplify: Designing out problems rather than adding additional
equipment or features to deal with them2. Engineering consideration
Hazardous Area Zone Classification (IEC/EN 60079, NFPA 479, API 500)
Heating Venting Air Circulation (HVAC) system Electric Static Discharge (ESD) system Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (MAWP) Design Emergency Shut Down Valve (ESDV) System Lay-out facility (lokasi, jarak, dll) Mechanical Protection (Material, Coating, dll) Inerting System
Selection safeguard for Fire and Explosion’ s Risk Control
Prevention Barrier
3. Operation Consideration Preventive Maintenance Program (inspeksi rutin, testing
peralatan, dll) Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) (operating parameter
controlling, alarm system, dll) Housekeeping Kompetensi Personel Implementasi Sistem Manajemen Pengendalian Kerugian
(Manajemen resiko) Permit System Storage and handling management system Cooling system (Deluge water system, vessel cooling system,
dll) Accident Investigation and Lesson Learned Electrical Connection System (Lighting Protection,
Grounding, dll)
Selection safeguard for Fire and Explosion’ s Risk Control
Mitigation Barrier
1. Engineering Consideration Hydrant & Sprinkle System Purging system (PSV, Rupture Disc, Flare System, dll) Dikes Network Water Curtain System CO2/Inert Gas Suppression System Blast-Wall
Selection safeguard for Fire and Explosion’ s Risk Control
Mitigation Barrier
2. Operation Consideration Fire Extinghuisers (APAR) Foam system Emergency Response Plan (assembly area) Personal Protective Equipment (APD) Community Emergency Response
RISZA FIRMANSYAH6512040065
K3-5C