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U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
Economic value of angling on the Colorado River at Lees Ferry: Using secondary data to
estimate the influence of seasonality
Lucas Bair, U.S. Geological Survey
David Rogowski, Arizona Game and Fish Department
Chris Neher, University of Montana
U. S. Department of Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
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Study Objective
• Estimate the economic value of angling at Lees Ferry and identify angler preferences that influence the value attributed to the experience.
• Richards and Wood (1985) and Bishop et al. (1987)
• Changes over three decades
– Flow regime
– Fishery characteristics
– Regulation
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Presentation Outline
• Economic method used to estimate the value of nonmarket goods and services
• Arizona Game & Fish Dept. (AGFD) creel survey
• Study area and research methods
• Results from the study
• Conclusion and ongoing research
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Estimating Economic Value
• Nonmarket goods and service
– Unobservable market behavior
• Revealed or stated preference methods
• Revealed preference: travel cost method
0
250
500
750
1,000
1,250
0 5,000 10,000 15,000
Ad
de
d D
ista
nce
(m
iles)
Total Trips Per Year
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Estimating a Demand Function
• Quantity of recreation (trips per year)
• cost (or price) of participation
• cost (or price) of substitute opportunities
• socioeconomic characteristics (e.g., income, education, age)
• Secondary data used to identify individual trips per year, travel cost, and proxies for substitute angling opportunities and socioeconomic information
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Arizona Game and Fish Department Creel Survey
• Data collected from 2012 – 2014
• Sample size of 2,189
• Individual observation travel cost model
AZGFD 2015 Lees Ferry Access Point Creel Survey Page: _____ of _____
Clerk:
Start Time:
Trailer Count:
Anglers Missed: Comments:
Date:
End Time:
Boat Count: Anglers
Declined:
People Count Guide Fishing duration Gear Fish Total Catch Satisfaction Trips/ Creel Size Opinion
Int# Juv Adu Ret Y/N Zip Code Start Intervie
w F/S Spp Catch Harvest >18 1-5 year 2015?
10@10"
2@18"
Name: Address: Gender: Ethnicity:
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Lees Ferry Access Point (boat ramp)
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Lees Ferry Walk-in Area
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Descriptive Statistics Variable Description
Aggregate Sample
Guided at Access Point
Non-guided at Access Point
Walk-in Above Paria
Walk-in Below Paria
Annual trips Number of angling trips to Lees Ferry in the past 12 months
3.28 1.7 4.3 3.6 5.4
Travel cost Round trip road miles * $0.14 + $15 (vehicle) +$16 (watercraft)
- $137 $63 $103 $38
Income Annual income by zip code of residence (thousand dollars)
$62 $68 $61 $61 $48
Substitute angling opportunities
Percentage of total US trout fishing days by state of residence
1% 1% 1% 1% 1%
Age =1 if categorized as retired; =0 if adult
42% 52% 37% 37% 15%
Catch per unit effort Continuous variable of catch per hour of fishing
1.81 2.42 1.69 1.14 0.65
Fly =1 if gear categorized as fly fishing; =0 if other (spinner and bait)
70% 89% 54% 92% 12%
Highway 89 closure =1 if U.S Highway 89 was closed; =0 if U.S Highway 89 was open
62% 62% 62% 52% 84%
Spring =0 if categorized as spring 52% 61% 42% 61% 33%
Summer =1 if categorized as summer 15% 13% 14% 4% 48%
Fall =1 if categorized as fall 16% 13% 21% 16% 6%
Winter =1 if categorized as winter 18% 14% 22% 18% 13%
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1.7
4.3
3.6
5.4
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
GuidedAccess Point
Non-guidedAccess Point
Walk-inAbove Paria
Walk-in BelowParia
Angling trips to Lees Ferry in past 12 months
$137
$63
$103
$38
$0
$40
$80
$120
$160
GuidedAccess Point
Non-guidedAccess Point
Walk-inAbove Paria
Walk-inBelow Paria
Travel Cost (round trip road miles * $0.14)
$68
$61 $61
$48
$0
$20
$40
$60
$80
GuidedAccess Point
Non-guidedAccess Point
Walk-inAbove Paria
Walk-inBelow Paria
Annual income by zip code of residence (thousand dollars)
52%
37% 37%
15%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
GuidedAccess Point
Non-guidedAccess Point
Walk-inAbove Paria
Walk-inBelow Paria
Percent of anglers categorized as retired
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[map]
Average Annual Trips
1
1 – 3
3 – 50
Angler Visitation by Area
(n=836) (n=820)
(n=336) (n=171)
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Visitation by Season
Guided at Access Point
Non-guided at Access Point
Walk-in Above Paria
Walk-in Below Paria
Fall 27%
Spring 40% Summer
17%
Winter 15%
Fall 24%
Spring 43%
Summer 14%
Winter 20%
Fall 30%
Spring 24%
Summer 19%
Winter 27%
Fall 13%
Spring 26%
Summer 42%
Winter 19%
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Average Annual Trips
1
1 – 3
3 – 50
Guided Visitation by Season
(n=524) (n=110)
(n=119) (n=110)
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Average Annual Trips
1
1 – 3
3 – 50
Non-guided Visitation by Season
(n=348) (n=116)
(n=174) (n=182)
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Average Annual Trips
1
1 – 3
3 – 50
Above Paria Visitation by Season
(n=205) (n=14)
(n=61) (n=55)
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Average Annual Trips
1
1 – 3
3 – 50
Below Paria Visitation by Season
(n=56) (n=82)
(n=23) (n=10)
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Statistical Model* Table 2: Zero-truncated negative binomial model results (estimated regression coefficients) for the number of angling trips per year by angler type for the Lees Ferry trout fishery (2012-2014).
Aggregate
Model Guided at
Access Point Non-guided at Access Point
Walk-in Above Paria
Walk-in Below Paria
Constant -1.566*** -0.055 -2.932*** -2.083** 0.889 Travel Cost -0.005*** -0.007*** -0.007*** -0.004*** -0.015*** Substitutea -13.566*** -9.842** -6.637** -18.913*** 6.253 Income -0.009*** -0.007*** -0.003 -0.018*** -0.029*** Age 0.232*** 0.480*** 0.209** 0.173 -0.623 Catch-per-Unit-Effort 0.172*** 0.159*** 0.147*** 0.185*** 0.178 Fly gear 0.184*** -0.339** 0.362*** 0.459* 0.467 Highway 89 0.196*** 0.205 0.246*** 0.285* -1.207*** Summer 0.504*** -0.391* -0.058 0.999*** 0.768*** Fall 0.059 0.320** 0.043 0.171 0.437 Winter -0.029 0.820*** 0.007 0.122 0.540* Summer interaction b -0.002*** - - - - Fall interaction b 0.001 - - - - Winter interaction b 0.002*** - - - - Alpha (α) 21.621*** 11.610*** 67.142* 38.813 18.128* Expected annual trips 2.39 1.45 3.73 2.93 4.53 Sample size 2,189 863 820 335 171 a The substitute coefficient is the change in annual trips relative to a percentage change alternative trout angling opportunities b Interaction terms are season (summer, fall, winter)*(travel cost) *p<0.1, **p<0.05, ***p<0.01 *Preliminary data, do not cite
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Determinants of Demand*
• Travel Cost Annual Trips
• Substitutes Annual Trips
• Income Annual Trips
• Age Annual Trip
*Preliminary data, do not cite
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• Average economic benefit per trip
– $221 per trip
• Richards and Wood (1985)
– $632 - $889 per trip for non-trophy and trophy anglers, respectively
• Bishop et al. (1987)
– $225 - $281 per trip for fluctuating and constant flows, respectively
Economic Benefit Estimates*
*Preliminary data, do not cite
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$211
$148
$244
$341
$0
$100
$200
$300
$400
$500
Spring Summer Fall Winter
Estimmated Economic Benefitper Trip
Seasonal Economic Benefits*
Bootstrapped aggregate model seasonal benefit estimates at Lees Ferry
with confidence intervals at the 95% level (2014 dollars)
*Preliminary data, do not cite
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$161 $134
$232
$65
$0
$100
$200
$300
$400
$500
Access PointGuided
Access PointNon-guided
Walk-in AboveParia
Walk-in BelowParia
Estimmated Economic Benefitper Trip
Economic Benefits by Area*
Bootstrapped angler user type benefit estimates at Lees Ferry with confidence
intervals at the 95% level (2014 dollars)
*Preliminary data, do not cite
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Conclusion
• Demand for angling at Lees Ferry varies by access location and season
• Future research
– River flows
– Fishery quality
– Regional economy
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Ongoing Research
• Angler stated preference survey
• Whitewater floater stated preference survey
– Private
– Commercial
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• Acknowledgements
– AGFD staff Pilar Wolters, Michael Mishler, Damon Peterson, Jackson Pickett, Robin Osterhoudt, Mike Anderson, Kristy Manuell and Steve Harding
– GIS analysis by Thomas Gushue with USGS; manuscript comments provided by Scott VanderKooi and Leslie Richardson with USGS
• Questions
928-556-7362