DRUG

DEPENDENCE

Izatty Lim0308188Batch 4

• DRUG ABUSE when the use of the drug is outside of social norms. His or her motivation to experience reward may or may not be as strong as other psychosocial factors such as experimentation, belonging to a specific group culture or enjoying a risk-taking lifestyle.

Introduction

• DRUG ‘any substance, natural or artificial, other than food, that by its chemical nature alters structure or function in the living organism

• DRUG DEPENDENCE a state in which individual uses the drug so frequently & consistently that it appears difficult for the person to get along without using the drug– occurs when a person relies on a drug for normal physiological functioning. If the person

abstains from taking the drug, he or she will experience withdrawal symptoms such as sweating, vomiting or diarrhea. Abstaining from drug use can also trigger problems in mental functioning such as lack of focus, depression or anxiety

• DRUG ADDICTION controversial and complex term that has different meaning to different people– addiction diagnosis indicates that an individual demonstrates a pattern of behavior where

acquiring & using a drug dominates his or her motivation. The motivation to obtain and take the drug overwhelms the individual’s normal protective constraints

TOLERANCE

Repeated exposure to the same dose of drug results in a lesser effect

Body develops ways to compensate for the chemical imbalance caused by introducing drug into the system

Can be overcome by increasing the dose

3 BASIC PROCESSES

PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE Behavioral dependence High rate of drug use, craving

for the drug & tendency to relapse after stopping use

Related to drug reinforcing properties

PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE Depend on drug to function normally Occurrence of withdrawal syndrome

when stop taking drug abruptly o Vary from one class of drug to anothero Compensating mechanisms produce

imbalance

STATISTIC IN MALAYSIA

TYPES OF DRUGSTIMULANT Excite CNS elevate mood, ↑ feelings of well-

being & ↑energy and alertness ↑ heart rate & blood pressure and

breathing Repeated use paranoia & hostility very high addictive potential cocaine, methamphetamine,

amphetamine, MDMA (Ecstasy), nicotine, and caffeine 

DEPRESSANT◘ Inhibit CNS◘ treat anxiety & sleep disorders◘ high addictive potential◘ alcohol, Valium, Xanax,

Librium, and barbiturates

HALLUCINOGEN altered perception and feeling moderate potential of addiction with

very high potential of tolerance, moderate level of psychological dependence & low potential for physical dependence

LSD, PCP, MDMA (Ecstasy), marijuana, mescaline, and psilocybin

OPIATE o powerful painkillerso quick, intense feeling of

pleasure followed by a sense of well-being and calm

o wide range of withdrawal symptoms that affect the mind and the body

o very high addictive potentialo heroin, morphine, codeine, and

Oxycontin

RISK & PROTECTIVE FACTORS

Addiction, Abuse And Dependence: Know The Difference

http://www.myaddiction.com/lifestyle/recovery/addiction-abuse-dependence-know-the-difference

Drug classification https://www1.villanova.edu/villanova/studentlife/health/

promotion/goto/resources/drugclassifications.html Drug-Free ASEAN 2015: Status and Recommendations

https://www.unodc.org/documents/southeastasiaandpacific//Publications/ASEAN_2015.pdf

National Anti Drug Agency(NADA) http://www.adk.gov.my/web/guest/dadah-2011

Drugs, Society & Human Behavior 13th Edition By Carl L. Hart, Charles Ksir and Oakley Ray

REFERENCES

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