Inherited Brain Cancer
By: Cassandra ShulferElizabeth Nachman
Sierra White
What is Brain Cancer?Brain cancer begins when some cells in the
brain begin to grow abnormally.
A brain tumor, or cancer, has many stages to it.
The four grades of a tumor are: Grade 1- the tumor grows slowly. Grades 2-4 : keeps growing, and can become more lethal.
Headaches
Vomiting
Loss of
sight
Seiz
ures
Double Vision Hearing lossUnsteadiness or
ImbalanceImpaired Speech
Inability to Write
Lack
of
Rec
ogni
tion
Spatia
l Diso
rder
s
Behavioral/
Emotional Changes
Difficulty Speaking/Swallowi
ng
Dizziness
Muscle Weakness in One Side of Body or Face
EFFECTS OF BRAIN CANCER
Cures for CancerRadiation therapy is one type of treatment for cancer
Chemotherapy is another type of treatment for cancer
Today the therapy we have isn’t working on brain cancer well and new therapy is sorely needed
Radiation Therapy Radiation therapy uses high energy x-rays to
kill cancer cells.
It can be used either through an external or internal process.
ChemotherapyChemotherapy is a cancer treatment that
uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells.
Chemotherapy drugs are taken by mouth or an injection in a muscle or vein.
Some dangerous long-term side effects of chemotherapy may be heart and kidney problems, risk of a second cancer, nerve damage, infertility, or damage to lung tissue.
GlioblastomaThe most common and aggressive type of brain cancer is
Glioblastoma
Accounts for 52% of all brain tumor cases
SurvivalFewer than one in 50 diagnosed with brain cancer survive
for five years
The average survival time with glioblastoma is 14 months
With deletions and glitches in the cancer cells survival time is decreased
Gene DefectsA deletion in the NFKBIA gene keeps the cancer cells
from making protein
A glitch in the cancer cells can amplify the EGFR gene
5% of tumors carry both defects reducing survival rates
Effects of DefectsWith the deletion of the NFKBIA gene survival time is
reduced to 46 weeks
With the EGFR glitch survival time is at 53 weeks
It is not determined how long the survival time is for patients with both defects
High and Low RiskGenetic variants can be high-risk or low-risk
Inheriting high and low-risk can increase or decrease risks for glioblastoma by 50%
10% of people get this risk but some even with high genetic risk don't get cancer
Chromosome RisksScientists did studies on chromosome numbers five, nine,
and twenty and found results in number nine
Chromosome nine is a very dangerous because it is crowded with risk variants for diseases
A well known cancer gene is found in chromosome nine called p16
Chromosome NineOne side of chromosome nine has genetic variants
associated with diabetes and heart disease
On the other side is familiar cancer-associated gene called p16
Along with p16 there is p15 but it isn’t as well associated with cancer
Gene p16• Mutations like the NFKBIA in p16 gene increase risk of
inherited cancer
• The NFKBIA deletion in p16 keeps the cancer cells from making proteins
• Without proteins the cell cycle doesn’t regulate the cell reproduction causing the cancer to spread
Cancer Cell CycleThe cell cycle monitors the reproduction of cells
Without protein the cell cycle can’t function
The cell cycle is the asexual reproduction of cells
Without the protein to help control and regulate the asexual reproduction they produce too many cells causing the cancer
Inherited Brain Cancer• Old cancer cases had only 5% inherited
• New cancers have increased the inherited cases to 20%
Thank You For Watching!!!!
Works Cited Norris, Jeffrey. "Brain Cancer Linked to Inherited Genetic Risk | Www.ucsf.edu."
University of California, San Francisco | Www.ucsf.edu. 5 July 2009. Web. 07 Mar. 2011. <http://www.ucsf.edu/news/2009/07/8190/genetic-risk-brain-cancer-glioma-called-glioblastoma>.
Weiss. "Genetics of Brain Tumors." Pub Med.com. 12 Dec. 2000. Web. 07 Mar. 2011. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11106272>.
Genetic Mutations Linked to Childhood Brain Cancer Identified." Genetic Mutations Linked to Childhood Brain Cancer Identified. 9 Mar. 2009. Web.
Goodman, Brenda. "Genetic Defect at Work in Deadly Brain Tumors." WebMD - Better Information. Better Health. Laura J. Martin. Web. 08 Mar. 2011. <http://www.webmd.com/cancer/brain-cancer/news/20101222/genetic-defect-at-work-deadly-brain-tumors>.
"Glioblastoma Multiforme." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. 9 Mar. 2011. Web. 13 Mar. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glioblastoma_multiforme>.
"P16 (gene)." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. 8 Mar. 2011. Web. 13 Mar. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P16_(gene)>
"The Cell Cycle And cancer." PSNA Plus. Kathleen Collins, Tyler Jacks, Nikola P. Pavletch, 1 Apr. 1997. Web. 13 Mar. 2011. <http://www.pnas.org/content/94/7/2776.full>