Inherited Brain Cancer

By: Cassandra ShulferElizabeth Nachman

Sierra White

What is Brain Cancer?Brain cancer begins when some cells in the

brain begin to grow abnormally.

A brain tumor, or cancer, has many stages to it.

The four grades of a tumor are: Grade 1- the tumor grows slowly. Grades 2-4 : keeps growing, and can become more lethal.

Headaches

Vomiting

Loss of

sight

Seiz

ures

Double Vision Hearing lossUnsteadiness or

ImbalanceImpaired Speech

Inability to Write

Lack

of

Rec

ogni

tion

Spatia

l Diso

rder

s

Behavioral/

Emotional Changes

Difficulty Speaking/Swallowi

ng

Dizziness

Muscle Weakness in One Side of Body or Face

EFFECTS OF BRAIN CANCER

Cures for CancerRadiation therapy is one type of treatment for cancer

Chemotherapy is another type of treatment for cancer

Today the therapy we have isn’t working on brain cancer well and new therapy is sorely needed

Radiation Therapy Radiation therapy uses high energy x-rays to

kill cancer cells.

It can be used either through an external or internal process.

ChemotherapyChemotherapy is a cancer treatment that

uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells.

Chemotherapy drugs are taken by mouth or an injection in a muscle or vein.

Some dangerous long-term side effects of chemotherapy may be heart and kidney problems, risk of a second cancer, nerve damage, infertility, or damage to lung tissue.

GlioblastomaThe most common and aggressive type of brain cancer is

Glioblastoma

Accounts for 52% of all brain tumor cases

SurvivalFewer than one in 50 diagnosed with brain cancer survive

for five years

The average survival time with glioblastoma is 14 months

With deletions and glitches in the cancer cells survival time is decreased

Gene DefectsA deletion in the NFKBIA gene keeps the cancer cells

from making protein

A glitch in the cancer cells can amplify the EGFR gene

5% of tumors carry both defects reducing survival rates

Effects of DefectsWith the deletion of the NFKBIA gene survival time is

reduced to 46 weeks

With the EGFR glitch survival time is at 53 weeks

It is not determined how long the survival time is for patients with both defects

High and Low RiskGenetic variants can be high-risk or low-risk

Inheriting high and low-risk can increase or decrease risks for glioblastoma by 50%

10% of people get this risk but some even with high genetic risk don't get cancer

Chromosome RisksScientists did studies on chromosome numbers five, nine,

and twenty and found results in number nine

Chromosome nine is a very dangerous because it is crowded with risk variants for diseases

A well known cancer gene is found in chromosome nine called p16

Chromosome NineOne side of chromosome nine has genetic variants

associated with diabetes and heart disease

On the other side is familiar cancer-associated gene called p16

Along with p16 there is p15 but it isn’t as well associated with cancer

Gene p16• Mutations like the NFKBIA in p16 gene increase risk of

inherited cancer

• The NFKBIA deletion in p16 keeps the cancer cells from making proteins

• Without proteins the cell cycle doesn’t regulate the cell reproduction causing the cancer to spread

Cancer Cell CycleThe cell cycle monitors the reproduction of cells

Without protein the cell cycle can’t function

The cell cycle is the asexual reproduction of cells

Without the protein to help control and regulate the asexual reproduction they produce too many cells causing the cancer

Inherited Brain Cancer• Old cancer cases had only 5% inherited

• New cancers have increased the inherited cases to 20%

Thank You For Watching!!!!

Works Cited Norris, Jeffrey. "Brain Cancer Linked to Inherited Genetic Risk | Www.ucsf.edu."

University of California, San Francisco | Www.ucsf.edu. 5 July 2009. Web. 07 Mar. 2011. <http://www.ucsf.edu/news/2009/07/8190/genetic-risk-brain-cancer-glioma-called-glioblastoma>.

Weiss. "Genetics of Brain Tumors." Pub Med.com. 12 Dec. 2000. Web. 07 Mar. 2011. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11106272>.

Genetic Mutations Linked to Childhood Brain Cancer Identified." Genetic Mutations Linked to Childhood Brain Cancer Identified. 9 Mar. 2009. Web.

Goodman, Brenda. "Genetic Defect at Work in Deadly Brain Tumors." WebMD - Better Information. Better Health. Laura J. Martin. Web. 08 Mar. 2011. <http://www.webmd.com/cancer/brain-cancer/news/20101222/genetic-defect-at-work-deadly-brain-tumors>.

"Glioblastoma Multiforme." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. 9 Mar. 2011. Web. 13 Mar. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glioblastoma_multiforme>.

"P16 (gene)." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. 8 Mar. 2011. Web. 13 Mar. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P16_(gene)>

"The Cell Cycle And cancer." PSNA Plus. Kathleen Collins, Tyler Jacks, Nikola P. Pavletch, 1 Apr. 1997. Web. 13 Mar. 2011. <http://www.pnas.org/content/94/7/2776.full>