BSC 2010L

DEUTEROSTOMES

Principal Biological Concepts:A. Protostome vs. deuterostome (revisited).B. Chordate features.C. Chordate subphyla.D. Evolution of vertebrates from early chordates.E. Evolution of vertebrate classes.F. Evolution of jaws.G. Adaptations to terrestrial existence.H. Endothermy.I. Cladistic analysis.

Remember protostome & deuterostome dichotomy

Phylum EchinodermataA. secondary radial symmetry - bilateral in larvaeB. endoskeleton - calcareous "test"C. water vascular system

4 classes1. sea stars (class Asteroidea) 2. brittle stars (class Ophiuroidea)3. sea urchin (class Echinoidea)4. sea cucumbers (class Holothuroidea)

4 classes1. sea stars (class Asteroidea) 2. brittle stars (class Ophiuroidea)3. sea urchin (class Echinoidea)4. sea cucumbers (class Holothuroidea)

Echinodermata

Class Asteroideasea stars

Anatomy of a sea star

Class Ophiuroideabrittle star

Class Echinoidea - sea urchins & sand dollars

Class Holothuroidea - sea cucumbers

Chordates (phylum Chordata)3 characters - present at some point in life

1. notochord2. pharyngeal gill slits3. dorsal, hollow, nerve cord

3 subphyla - 2 "protochordates" and vertebrates1. subphylum Urochordata -tunicates or sea squirts 2. subphylum Cephalochordata - lancelets (Amphioxus)7. subphylum Vertebrata - vertebrates

Chordata

Subphylum Urochordata -tunicates or sea squirtsChordata

Subphylum Urochordata -tunicate larvaChordata

Subphylum Cephalochordata - lancelets (Amphioxus)Chordata

Subphylum Vertebrata - 12 classes1.Class Myxini - hagfishes2.Class Cephalaspidomorphi - lampreys3.Class Chondrichthyes - cartilagenous fishes -sharks, rays, skates "Osteichthyes"4. Class Actinopterygii - ray-finned fishes 5. Class Actinistia - lobe-finned fishes6. Class Dipnoi - lungfishes7.Class Amphibia - frogs, toads, salamanders8.Class Mammalia - mammals"Reptilia"9. Class Testudines10. Class Lepidosauria - snakes, lizards, tuatara11. Class Crocodilia - alligators and crocodiles12. Class Aves - birds

Class Myxini - hagfishes

Class Cephalaspidomorphi - lampreys

Class Chondrichthyes - cartilagenous fishes -sharks, rays, skates

"Osteichthyes" - informal name for bony fishesClass Actinopterygii - ray-finned fishes Class Actinistia - lobe-finned fishesClass Dipnoi - lungfishes

Class Actinopterygii - ray-finned fishes

Class Actinistia - lobe-finned fishes

Class Dipnoi - lungfish

The Devonian radiation of fishes

The evolution of vertebrate jaws

Anatomy of a trout, a representative bony fish

Class Amphibia - amphibians - frogs, toads, salamanders

Reptilia" - informal name for reptile classesClass Testudines - turtles Class Lepidosauria - lizards, snakes, tuataraClass Crocodilia - crocodilians

The amniotic or cleidoic egg

Class Testudines - turtles

Class Lepidosauria - lizards, snakes, tuatara

Class Crocodilia - crocodilians

Phylogeny of the amniotes

Class Aves - birds

The avian wing and feather

Archaeopteryx, a Jurassic bird-reptile

Class Mammalia - mammals

Cladistic Analysis exerciseYou must complete this and hand it in before you leave (DS3 - 10 pts.)

Introduction to cladistics - http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/clad/clad1.html

Constructing a phylogenetic tree using cladistic analysis

Building a phylogenetic tree of dinosaurs

32A Traditional Animal Phylogenetic Tree and 34A Characteristics of Chordates on Student Media CD-ROM for review of material from this lab.

Lab practical next week.A.Sign up sheets go on-line Monday October 10.B.Review lab sessions will be Saturday October 15, and Sunday October 16, from 10:00 - 4:00 pm.C.Practical exams will be given Monday October 17 through Wednesday October 19.D.30 stationsE.1 question per stationF.60 seconds per stationG.NO GOING BACKH.Practical covers labs 1, 4, 5 and 7, in roughly equal proportions.I.You must bring a photo ID to the exam.