deuterostomes and chordates 1 biol 1407. deuterostomes phylum echinodermata –sea stars, sea...

Deuterostomes andChordates 1BIOL 1407

DeuterostomesPhylum EchinodermataSea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoidsPhylum ChordataTunicates, lancelets, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals

Phylum Echinodermata

Phylum EchinodermataLarvae: bilateral symmetryAdults: pentaradial symmetryPhoto credit of pluteus larva: NOAA, 2001Photo credit of adult brittle star: Larry Zetwoch, 1989, Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, NOAA

Water Vascular SystemUniqueHydraulic system used for feeding and locomotionVideo of tube feet: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sMgfZj3DsXY&feature=relatedPhoto Credit: Dr. James P. McVey, NOAA Sea Grant Program

Phylum Chordata

Characteristics of ChordatesBilateral symmetryTriploblasticCoelomateSegmented

Other Chordate CharacteristicsComplete Digestive SystemClosed Circulatory SystemRespiratory System: Gills or LungsExcretory System: KidneysCentralized Nervous System

Unique Chordate Characteristics

Phylum Cephalochordata:Lancelets

Phylum Urochordata:Tunicates

Major Chordate CladesCraniates: CraniumVertebrates + HagfishesVertebrates: Vertebral ColumnGnathostomes: Jaws & Paired AppendagesOsteichthyans: Lung/Lung DerivativesLobe-finned Fishes: Limb Bone PatternTetrapods: Four Well-Developed LimbsAmniotes: Amniotic Egg

HagfishesCraniatesHeadSimple craniumNot vertebrates

Characteristics of VertebratesVertebral ColumnWell-developed skullPhoto Credit of Hippo skull: Raul654, 2005, Wikimedia Commons

Photo Credit for Platypus Skeleton at Melbourne Museum: Peter Halasz, 2006, Wikimedia Commons

LampreysVertebratesNo jaws or paired appendages

Evolution of Jaws

ChondrichthyesCartilaginous skeletonJaws PresentPaired Appendages

OsteichthyansBony SkeletonLung and Lung Derivatives Two Main Groups:Ray-finnedLobe-finned

Ray-Finned FishesFins are supported by fin raysSwim bladdersLargest vertebrate group

Lobe-Finned VertebratesFins and limbs supported by internal bones and muscles

Lobe-Fin PatternPhoto Credit: Courtesy of Dennis Murphy, Devonian Times, http://www.devoniantimes.org/opportunity/tetrapodsAnswer.html

Video of Fish with Fingers: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/03/4/l_034_03.html

The EndUnless otherwise specified, all images in this presentation came from:Campbell, et al. 2008. Biology, 8th ed. Pearson Benjamin Cummings.