deuterostomes and chordates 1 biol 1407. deuterostomes phylum echinodermata –sea stars, sea...
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Deuterostomes andChordates 1
BIOL 1407
Deuterostomes
• Phylum Echinodermata– Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers,
crinoids
• Phylum Chordata– Tunicates, lancelets, fishes, amphibians,
reptiles, birds, mammals
Phylum Echinodermata
Phylum Echinodermata
• Larvae: bilateral symmetry
• Adults: pentaradial symmetry
• Photo credit of pluteus larva: NOAA, 2001• Photo credit of adult brittle star: Larry Zetwoch,
1989, Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, NOAA
Water Vascular System
• Unique• Hydraulic system
used for feeding and locomotion
• Video of tube feet: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sMgfZj3DsXY&feature=related
• Photo Credit: Dr. James P. McVey, NOAA Sea Grant Program
Phylum Chordata
Characteristics of Chordates
• Bilateral symmetry
• Triploblastic• Coelomate• Segmented
Other Chordate Characteristics
• Complete Digestive System
• Closed Circulatory System
• Respiratory System: Gills or Lungs
• Excretory System: Kidneys
• Centralized Nervous System
Unique Chordate Characteristics
Phylum Cephalochordata:Lancelets
Phylum Urochordata:Tunicates
Major Chordate Clades
• Craniates: Cranium– Vertebrates + Hagfishes
• Vertebrates: Vertebral Column– Gnathostomes: Jaws & Paired Appendages– Osteichthyans: Lung/Lung Derivatives– Lobe-finned Fishes: Limb Bone Pattern– Tetrapods: Four Well-Developed Limbs– Amniotes: Amniotic Egg
Hagfishes
• Craniates• Head• Simple cranium• Not vertebrates
Characteristics of Vertebrates
• Vertebral Column
• Well-developed skull
• Photo Credit of Hippo skull: Raul654, 2005, Wikimedia Commons
Photo Credit for Platypus Skeleton at Melbourne Museum: Peter Halasz, 2006, Wikimedia Commons
Lampreys
• Vertebrates• No jaws or paired
appendages
Evolution of Jaws
Chondrichthyes
• Cartilaginous skeleton• Jaws Present• Paired Appendages
Osteichthyans
• Bony Skeleton• Lung and Lung
Derivatives • Two Main Groups:
– Ray-finned– Lobe-finned
Ray-Finned Fishes
• Fins are supported by fin rays
• Swim bladders• Largest vertebrate
group
Lobe-Finned Vertebrates
• Fins and limbs supported by internal bones and muscles
Photo Credit: Courtesy of Dennis Murphy, Devonian Times, http://www.devoniantimes.org/opportunity/tetrapodsAnswer.html
Lobe-Fin Pattern
• Video of Fish with Fingers: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/03/4/l_034_03.html
The End
Unless otherwise specified, all images in this presentation came from:
Campbell, et al. 2008. Biology, 8th ed. Pearson Benjamin Cummings.