deuterostomes and chordates 1 biol 1407. deuterostomes phylum echinodermata –sea stars, sea...

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Deuterostomes and Chordates 1 BIOL 1407

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Page 1: Deuterostomes and Chordates 1 BIOL 1407. Deuterostomes Phylum Echinodermata –Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoids Phylum Chordata –Tunicates,

Deuterostomes andChordates 1

BIOL 1407

Page 2: Deuterostomes and Chordates 1 BIOL 1407. Deuterostomes Phylum Echinodermata –Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoids Phylum Chordata –Tunicates,
Page 3: Deuterostomes and Chordates 1 BIOL 1407. Deuterostomes Phylum Echinodermata –Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoids Phylum Chordata –Tunicates,

Deuterostomes

• Phylum Echinodermata– Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers,

crinoids

• Phylum Chordata– Tunicates, lancelets, fishes, amphibians,

reptiles, birds, mammals

Page 4: Deuterostomes and Chordates 1 BIOL 1407. Deuterostomes Phylum Echinodermata –Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoids Phylum Chordata –Tunicates,
Page 5: Deuterostomes and Chordates 1 BIOL 1407. Deuterostomes Phylum Echinodermata –Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoids Phylum Chordata –Tunicates,

Phylum Echinodermata

Page 6: Deuterostomes and Chordates 1 BIOL 1407. Deuterostomes Phylum Echinodermata –Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoids Phylum Chordata –Tunicates,

Phylum Echinodermata

• Larvae: bilateral symmetry

• Adults: pentaradial symmetry

• Photo credit of pluteus larva: NOAA, 2001• Photo credit of adult brittle star: Larry Zetwoch,

1989, Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, NOAA

Page 7: Deuterostomes and Chordates 1 BIOL 1407. Deuterostomes Phylum Echinodermata –Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoids Phylum Chordata –Tunicates,

Water Vascular System

• Unique• Hydraulic system

used for feeding and locomotion

• Video of tube feet: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sMgfZj3DsXY&feature=related

• Photo Credit: Dr. James P. McVey, NOAA Sea Grant Program

Page 8: Deuterostomes and Chordates 1 BIOL 1407. Deuterostomes Phylum Echinodermata –Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoids Phylum Chordata –Tunicates,
Page 9: Deuterostomes and Chordates 1 BIOL 1407. Deuterostomes Phylum Echinodermata –Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoids Phylum Chordata –Tunicates,

Phylum Chordata

Page 10: Deuterostomes and Chordates 1 BIOL 1407. Deuterostomes Phylum Echinodermata –Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoids Phylum Chordata –Tunicates,

Characteristics of Chordates

• Bilateral symmetry

• Triploblastic• Coelomate• Segmented

Page 11: Deuterostomes and Chordates 1 BIOL 1407. Deuterostomes Phylum Echinodermata –Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoids Phylum Chordata –Tunicates,

Other Chordate Characteristics

• Complete Digestive System

• Closed Circulatory System

• Respiratory System: Gills or Lungs

• Excretory System: Kidneys

• Centralized Nervous System

Page 12: Deuterostomes and Chordates 1 BIOL 1407. Deuterostomes Phylum Echinodermata –Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoids Phylum Chordata –Tunicates,
Page 13: Deuterostomes and Chordates 1 BIOL 1407. Deuterostomes Phylum Echinodermata –Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoids Phylum Chordata –Tunicates,
Page 14: Deuterostomes and Chordates 1 BIOL 1407. Deuterostomes Phylum Echinodermata –Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoids Phylum Chordata –Tunicates,
Page 15: Deuterostomes and Chordates 1 BIOL 1407. Deuterostomes Phylum Echinodermata –Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoids Phylum Chordata –Tunicates,

Unique Chordate Characteristics

Page 16: Deuterostomes and Chordates 1 BIOL 1407. Deuterostomes Phylum Echinodermata –Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoids Phylum Chordata –Tunicates,
Page 17: Deuterostomes and Chordates 1 BIOL 1407. Deuterostomes Phylum Echinodermata –Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoids Phylum Chordata –Tunicates,

Phylum Cephalochordata:Lancelets

Page 18: Deuterostomes and Chordates 1 BIOL 1407. Deuterostomes Phylum Echinodermata –Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoids Phylum Chordata –Tunicates,

Phylum Urochordata:Tunicates

Page 19: Deuterostomes and Chordates 1 BIOL 1407. Deuterostomes Phylum Echinodermata –Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoids Phylum Chordata –Tunicates,

Major Chordate Clades

• Craniates: Cranium– Vertebrates + Hagfishes

• Vertebrates: Vertebral Column– Gnathostomes: Jaws & Paired Appendages– Osteichthyans: Lung/Lung Derivatives– Lobe-finned Fishes: Limb Bone Pattern– Tetrapods: Four Well-Developed Limbs– Amniotes: Amniotic Egg

Page 20: Deuterostomes and Chordates 1 BIOL 1407. Deuterostomes Phylum Echinodermata –Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoids Phylum Chordata –Tunicates,
Page 21: Deuterostomes and Chordates 1 BIOL 1407. Deuterostomes Phylum Echinodermata –Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoids Phylum Chordata –Tunicates,

Hagfishes

• Craniates• Head• Simple cranium• Not vertebrates

Page 22: Deuterostomes and Chordates 1 BIOL 1407. Deuterostomes Phylum Echinodermata –Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoids Phylum Chordata –Tunicates,
Page 23: Deuterostomes and Chordates 1 BIOL 1407. Deuterostomes Phylum Echinodermata –Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoids Phylum Chordata –Tunicates,

Characteristics of Vertebrates

• Vertebral Column

• Well-developed skull

• Photo Credit of Hippo skull: Raul654, 2005, Wikimedia Commons

Page 24: Deuterostomes and Chordates 1 BIOL 1407. Deuterostomes Phylum Echinodermata –Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoids Phylum Chordata –Tunicates,

Photo Credit for Platypus Skeleton at Melbourne Museum: Peter Halasz, 2006, Wikimedia Commons

Page 25: Deuterostomes and Chordates 1 BIOL 1407. Deuterostomes Phylum Echinodermata –Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoids Phylum Chordata –Tunicates,
Page 26: Deuterostomes and Chordates 1 BIOL 1407. Deuterostomes Phylum Echinodermata –Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoids Phylum Chordata –Tunicates,

Lampreys

• Vertebrates• No jaws or paired

appendages

Page 27: Deuterostomes and Chordates 1 BIOL 1407. Deuterostomes Phylum Echinodermata –Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoids Phylum Chordata –Tunicates,

Evolution of Jaws

Page 28: Deuterostomes and Chordates 1 BIOL 1407. Deuterostomes Phylum Echinodermata –Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoids Phylum Chordata –Tunicates,
Page 29: Deuterostomes and Chordates 1 BIOL 1407. Deuterostomes Phylum Echinodermata –Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoids Phylum Chordata –Tunicates,

Chondrichthyes

• Cartilaginous skeleton• Jaws Present• Paired Appendages

Page 30: Deuterostomes and Chordates 1 BIOL 1407. Deuterostomes Phylum Echinodermata –Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoids Phylum Chordata –Tunicates,
Page 31: Deuterostomes and Chordates 1 BIOL 1407. Deuterostomes Phylum Echinodermata –Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoids Phylum Chordata –Tunicates,

Osteichthyans

• Bony Skeleton• Lung and Lung

Derivatives • Two Main Groups:

– Ray-finned– Lobe-finned

Page 32: Deuterostomes and Chordates 1 BIOL 1407. Deuterostomes Phylum Echinodermata –Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoids Phylum Chordata –Tunicates,

Ray-Finned Fishes

• Fins are supported by fin rays

• Swim bladders• Largest vertebrate

group

Page 33: Deuterostomes and Chordates 1 BIOL 1407. Deuterostomes Phylum Echinodermata –Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoids Phylum Chordata –Tunicates,

Lobe-Finned Vertebrates

• Fins and limbs supported by internal bones and muscles

Page 34: Deuterostomes and Chordates 1 BIOL 1407. Deuterostomes Phylum Echinodermata –Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoids Phylum Chordata –Tunicates,

Photo Credit: Courtesy of Dennis Murphy, Devonian Times, http://www.devoniantimes.org/opportunity/tetrapodsAnswer.html

Lobe-Fin Pattern

Page 35: Deuterostomes and Chordates 1 BIOL 1407. Deuterostomes Phylum Echinodermata –Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoids Phylum Chordata –Tunicates,
Page 36: Deuterostomes and Chordates 1 BIOL 1407. Deuterostomes Phylum Echinodermata –Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoids Phylum Chordata –Tunicates,

• Video of Fish with Fingers: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/03/4/l_034_03.html

Page 37: Deuterostomes and Chordates 1 BIOL 1407. Deuterostomes Phylum Echinodermata –Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoids Phylum Chordata –Tunicates,

The End

Unless otherwise specified, all images in this presentation came from:

Campbell, et al. 2008. Biology, 8th ed. Pearson Benjamin Cummings.