deuterostomes and chordates 1 biol 1407. deuterostomes phylum echinodermata –sea stars, sea...
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Deuterostomes andChordates 1BIOL 1407
DeuterostomesPhylum EchinodermataSea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoidsPhylum ChordataTunicates, lancelets, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals
Phylum Echinodermata
Phylum EchinodermataLarvae: bilateral symmetryAdults: pentaradial symmetryPhoto credit of pluteus larva: NOAA, 2001Photo credit of adult brittle star: Larry Zetwoch, 1989, Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, NOAA
Water Vascular SystemUniqueHydraulic system used for feeding and locomotionVideo of tube feet: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sMgfZj3DsXY&feature=relatedPhoto Credit: Dr. James P. McVey, NOAA Sea Grant Program
Phylum Chordata
Characteristics of ChordatesBilateral symmetryTriploblasticCoelomateSegmented
Other Chordate CharacteristicsComplete Digestive SystemClosed Circulatory SystemRespiratory System: Gills or LungsExcretory System: KidneysCentralized Nervous System
Unique Chordate Characteristics
Phylum Cephalochordata:Lancelets
Phylum Urochordata:Tunicates
Major Chordate CladesCraniates: CraniumVertebrates + HagfishesVertebrates: Vertebral ColumnGnathostomes: Jaws & Paired AppendagesOsteichthyans: Lung/Lung DerivativesLobe-finned Fishes: Limb Bone PatternTetrapods: Four Well-Developed LimbsAmniotes: Amniotic Egg
HagfishesCraniatesHeadSimple craniumNot vertebrates
Characteristics of VertebratesVertebral ColumnWell-developed skullPhoto Credit of Hippo skull: Raul654, 2005, Wikimedia Commons
Photo Credit for Platypus Skeleton at Melbourne Museum: Peter Halasz, 2006, Wikimedia Commons
LampreysVertebratesNo jaws or paired appendages
Evolution of Jaws
ChondrichthyesCartilaginous skeletonJaws PresentPaired Appendages
OsteichthyansBony SkeletonLung and Lung Derivatives Two Main Groups:Ray-finnedLobe-finned
Ray-Finned FishesFins are supported by fin raysSwim bladdersLargest vertebrate group
Lobe-Finned VertebratesFins and limbs supported by internal bones and muscles
Lobe-Fin PatternPhoto Credit: Courtesy of Dennis Murphy, Devonian Times, http://www.devoniantimes.org/opportunity/tetrapodsAnswer.html
Video of Fish with Fingers: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/03/4/l_034_03.html
The EndUnless otherwise specified, all images in this presentation came from:Campbell, et al. 2008. Biology, 8th ed. Pearson Benjamin Cummings.