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A systems engineering approach for a
sustainable and high-performing forest
value creation networkProf. Luc LeBelDirector, FORAC
CAETS 2018ENGINEERING A BETTER WORLDSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY SYSTEMS
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1. The FORAC Research Consortium
2. Four challenges for the Forest Products Industry and Research Organizations
3. FORAC’s action plan for addressing these challenges
Outline
2
CEATS 2018 Montevideo, Uruguay
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OUR PARTNERS
Research consortium
• Multidisciplinary team (forest engineering, industrial
engineering, software engineering, business
administration and computer sciences)
• Train highly qualified personnel (HQP)
• 99 research projects for 2013-2018
• Active team of 26 professors and 40 graduate studentsQuebec City (CANADA)
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FORAC: Creating value through partnerships
Industries Gvt.
UniversitiesInstitutes
(FPI, CRIQ)
Students, professionals,
professors, leverage
Ideas, challenge,
funds, expertise
Expertise, process
knowledge,
equipment, funds4
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Recognition and awards
5
Brockhouse Prize for Interdisciplinary Research
Recognizing the achievements of outstanding Canadian teams of researchers that have demonstrated a true spirit of collaboration and remarkable scientific progress
OCTAS Prize 2011, Nominee 2018
Annual competition recognizing the best IT achievements in the province of Quebec.
ADRIQ prize for Industry-University partnership
14+ best paper awards
Photo: NSERC
CEATS 2018 Montevideo, Uruguay
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Challenges for the Forest Products Industry and Research
Organizations
1. Transformation and integration of forest industry
2. Social and environmental dimensions
3. Seizing network economies in a highly competitive setting
4. The complexity of natural forests
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Challenge 1: Transformation and integration of the
Forest industry
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Forestry
Logs
LumberOSB
Plywood Pulp &
paperMDF,
particleboard
Process residues
Process
residues
Consumers
Sawmill
OSB mill
Plywood
mill
Pulp &
paper mill
MDF, PB
mills
Logs
Logs
Logs
Logs
Urban wood
wastes
Pellet plant
Power plant
Consumers
Consumers Chemical plant
Forest biomass
Forest
residues
Forest residues
Pellets
Pellets
Ethanol,
bio-diesel,
chemicals
Electricity,
heat
Residues
Energy
Forest products
Bio-energy and bio-fuel
Chemical plant
Power plant
Pellet plant
Power supplies
(electricity, gas, coal)
(Adapted from Feng et al. 2010)
CEATS 2018 Montevideo, Uruguay
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SCIURES
ÉQUARRIS
BROYATS
ÉCORCES
Antisalissure
Mousses isolantes
Absorbants
CollesBiocides
Antioxydants
Bois d’oeuvre
MSRBois traité
Équarris Revêtements
Poutres lamellé-collées
Sciures Litières
MDF/HDF
Panneaux fibre
Moulures
Buchettes Granules Compost Énergie
Paillis BiocharHuiles pyrolytiques
COPEAUX
Papier
Paillis
Ouate de cellulose Panneaux
Panneaux isolants
Laine de bois Lignine
Liqueur noire
Viscose
Pâte kraft
Nanocellulosecristalline
Source: Y. Dessureault (CRIQ)
Divergent Flows
CEATS 2018 Montevideo, Uruguay
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Logistics is the management and coordination of transportation, inventory, …
…strategic sourcing, forecasting, compliance mandates and performance measurement across global value chain partners.
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Source: Global Business Strategy and Innovation: A Canadian Logistics Perspective (2012)
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Whatmarketca bereachedwitha carbon-neutralproduct?
Challenge 2: Social and environmental dimensions of
forest value chains
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Carbon sequestration
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Maximizing timber production or carbon sink ?
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Objective (management unit of 116 000 ha)
Harvested volume (m3) CO2 (tons/year in stock)
Natural growth 0 17 946 852
Volume maximization 18 244 114 15 126 632
Carbon maximization 420 333 18 389 696
Carbon maximization(constraint of .001% of max volume)
18 244 000(99.999% of max volume)
16 571 703(92% of natural growth)
(+9% of max volume)
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Reduce procurement cost ($) and decrease GHG emissions
CEATS 2018 Montevideo, Uruguay
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USA
Canada
Montreal
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Fiber procurement challenge
fully integrated pulp
and paper millUsing (or not)
a wood yard
decision
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Challenge 3 : Seizing network economies in a highly
competitive setting
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Connected collaborative networks (Really ?)
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Connected collaborative networks (Possible?)
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18CEATS 2018 Montevideo, Uruguay
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Challenge 4: Procuring from natural forests
CEATS 2018 Montevideo, Uruguay Supply
Recreation
Water
Landscape
Reserve
Spruce
Fir
BirchPoplar
Divergent product flows
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Tightening timber supply on public land
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Author: Groupe Rémabec
CEATS 2018 Montevideo, Uruguay
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21CEATS 2018 Montevideo, Uruguay
Process mapping
«Why are seedlings not delivered at a proper time/site?»
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3. Action Plan to address these
challenges
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FORAC 4.0 Action plan (2019-2024)
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• Forest to customer 4.0I. Connected collaborative networks
II. Agile manufacturing
III. Smart wood supply
CEATS 2018 Montevideo, Uruguay
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A new way of organizing the means of production throughthe implementation of « smart factories » capable of greateragility in production, and more efficient resource allocation.
Its technological bases include cyber-physical systems, the Internet of things, cloud computing and cognitive computing.
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Industry 4.0
CEATS 2018 Montevideo, Uruguay
(Wikipédia (French edition) 04.08.2018)
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25CEATS 2018 Montevideo, Uruguay
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC2ZJiV_r6Fe85RfAENAuU-A
http://blog.testbirds.com/industry-4-0-the-next-industrial-revolution/
www.fraunhofer.de
Smart manufacturing
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What do Alphabet, Facebook, Amazon have in
commun ?
CEATS 2018 Montevideo, Uruguay
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How/who to pool data from the whole value chain?
CEATS 2018 Montevideo, Uruguay
Photo: www.iStock.com
Photo: John Deere
Ph
oto
: B
log.
reso
lu
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Connexion : Data, information, and knowledge
CEATS 2018 Montevideo, Uruguay
HARVEST
BLOCK
FOREST ROADSIDE TRANSPORT WOOD
YARD
SAWMILL
Scanners
Optimizers
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Cheapest inventory is in the forest
CEATS 2018 Montevideo, Uruguay
HARVEST
BLOCK
FOREST ROAD
SIDE
TRANSPORT WOOD
YARD
SAWMILL
Inventories
Aerial photos
Multi-spectral
Satellite imagery
Microwaves radars
Lidar
Scanners
Optimizers
T. Lidar
On board computer
Data logger
Scaling
AMS
Photo
Transport vauchers
Data logger
Scale
Mesurarement
Yard inventory
Aerial photos
Imag
es: F
lexW
oo
d
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Data, information, knowledge and decision-making
Integrated to a 4.0 logistic chain
HARVEST BLOCKFOREST ROADSIDE TRANSPORT WOOD YARD SAWMILL
Scanners
Optimizers
Aerial photos
Onboard computers
Acquisition system
Measuring
Acquisition system
Aerial photos
Transport vouchers
Acquisition system
Photo: FPInnovations
Photo: John Deere
Photo: CRIQ
Photo: ComactPhoto: GSF
Photo: FORAC
Acquisition system
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Using machine learning to identify wood species
White spruce Black spruce
Carpentier, Giguère, Gaudreault 2017
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Using machine learning for kiln operation planning
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Physical production system
Fundamental principle of 4.0 :
Integration of cyber physical systems
Management system
Physical production system
Management system
Physical production system
Management system
J. Gaudreault (FORAC)
CEATS 2018 Montevideo, Uruguay
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Coordination; decide what must be done, when, where, by whom…
The challenge : Processes automatization
Physical production
system
Management system
Source: Le DevoirOriginal slide by : J. Gaudreauly (FORAC)
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Coordinating a harvest/transport network
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Parent
461
460459
458
457
455
456 La Tuque454
Windsor
Trois-Rivières
450
Shawinigan
Saint-Roch
Saint-Georges
Saint-Adelphe
452451
Rivière-aux-rats
453
Saint-Tite
Legend
Pulp and Paper
Sawmills
Veneer
Panels
Yards
Hardwood
Softwood
Source: http://www.scotiana.com
Author: L. LeBelAuthor: L. LeBel
Author: L. LeBel
Author: L. LeBel
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Photos: L. LeBel
36
Smart wood supply
Photo: Cloutier et al. (2009)
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http://www.skaraborglogisticcenter.se/
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38CEATS 2018 Montevideo, Uruguay
Extra-heavy load (100 000kg pay load) Author: Groupe Rémabec
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39CEATS 2018 Montevideo, Uruguay
Philippe Giguère (2017)
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Conclusions
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• The planet is forcing us to innovate
• Multidisciplinarity is our leitmotif
• Must mobilize and coordinate all available resources in industry, institute, universities
• A 4.0 Approach in forestry
• Good data are fundamental to AI
• Owning data is highly valuable (cash-in?)
• Huge quantities are needed – Big Data!
• Have to sort them out (algorithms)
• Training for new skill sets.
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CEATS 2018 Montevideo, Uruguay
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Thank you!
CEATS 2018 Montevideo, Uruguay