a systems engineering approach for a sustainable and high...

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A systems engineering approach for a

sustainable and high-performing forest

value creation networkProf. Luc LeBelDirector, FORAC

CAETS 2018ENGINEERING A BETTER WORLDSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRY SYSTEMS

1. The FORAC Research Consortium

2. Four challenges for the Forest Products Industry and Research Organizations

3. FORAC’s action plan for addressing these challenges

Outline

2

CEATS 2018 Montevideo, Uruguay

OUR PARTNERS

Research consortium

• Multidisciplinary team (forest engineering, industrial

engineering, software engineering, business

administration and computer sciences)

• Train highly qualified personnel (HQP)

• 99 research projects for 2013-2018

• Active team of 26 professors and 40 graduate studentsQuebec City (CANADA)

FORAC: Creating value through partnerships

Industries Gvt.

UniversitiesInstitutes

(FPI, CRIQ)

Students, professionals,

professors, leverage

Ideas, challenge,

funds, expertise

Expertise, process

knowledge,

equipment, funds4

Recognition and awards

5

Brockhouse Prize for Interdisciplinary Research

Recognizing the achievements of outstanding Canadian teams of researchers that have demonstrated a true spirit of collaboration and remarkable scientific progress

OCTAS Prize 2011, Nominee 2018

Annual competition recognizing the best IT achievements in the province of Quebec.

ADRIQ prize for Industry-University partnership

14+ best paper awards

Photo: NSERC


Challenges for the Forest Products Industry and Research

Organizations

1. Transformation and integration of forest industry

2. Social and environmental dimensions

3. Seizing network economies in a highly competitive setting

4. The complexity of natural forests

CEATS 2018 Montevideo, Uruguay 6

Challenge 1: Transformation and integration of the

Forest industry

7

Forestry

Logs

LumberOSB

Plywood Pulp &

paperMDF,

particleboard

Process residues

Process

residues

Consumers

Sawmill

OSB mill

Plywood

mill

Pulp &

paper mill

MDF, PB

mills

Logs

Logs

Logs

Logs

Urban wood

wastes

Pellet plant

Power plant

Consumers

Consumers Chemical plant

Forest biomass

Forest

residues

Forest residues

Pellets

Pellets

Ethanol,

bio-diesel,

chemicals

Electricity,

heat

Residues

Energy

Forest products

Bio-energy and bio-fuel

Chemical plant

Power plant

Pellet plant

Power supplies

(electricity, gas, coal)

(Adapted from Feng et al. 2010)


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SCIURES

ÉQUARRIS

BROYATS

ÉCORCES

Antisalissure

Mousses isolantes

Absorbants

CollesBiocides

Antioxydants

Bois d’oeuvre

MSRBois traité

Équarris Revêtements

Poutres lamellé-collées

Sciures Litières

MDF/HDF

Panneaux fibre

Moulures

Buchettes Granules Compost Énergie

Paillis BiocharHuiles pyrolytiques

COPEAUX

Papier

Paillis

Ouate de cellulose Panneaux

Panneaux isolants

Laine de bois Lignine

Liqueur noire

Viscose

Pâte kraft

Nanocellulosecristalline

Source: Y. Dessureault (CRIQ)

Divergent Flows


http://www.transferts-lr.org/var/plain/storage/images/environnement/actualites/biocarburants/ensyn_produire_de_l_huile_de_pyrolyse_avec_des_fibres_vegetales/224911-1-fre-FR/ensyn_produire_de_l_huile_de_pyrolyse_avec_des_fibres_vegetales.jpg

Logistics is the management and coordination of transportation, inventory, …

…strategic sourcing, forecasting, compliance mandates and performance measurement across global value chain partners.

9

Source: Global Business Strategy and Innovation: A Canadian Logistics Perspective (2012)


Whatmarketca bereachedwitha carbon-neutralproduct?

Challenge 2: Social and environmental dimensions of

forest value chains


Carbon sequestration

Maximizing timber production or carbon sink ?

12

Objective (management unit of 116 000 ha)

Harvested volume (m3) CO2 (tons/year in stock)

Natural growth 0 17 946 852

Volume maximization 18 244 114 15 126 632

Carbon maximization 420 333 18 389 696

Carbon maximization(constraint of .001% of max volume)

18 244 000(99.999% of max volume)

16 571 703(92% of natural growth)

(+9% of max volume)

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Reduce procurement cost ($) and decrease GHG emissions


USA

Canada

Montreal

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Fiber procurement challenge

fully integrated pulp

and paper millUsing (or not)

a wood yard

decision


Challenge 3 : Seizing network economies in a highly

competitive setting

15CEATS 2018 Montevideo, Uruguay

Connected collaborative networks (Really ?)

16

Connected collaborative networks (Possible?)

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Challenge 4: Procuring from natural forests

CEATS 2018 Montevideo, Uruguay Supply

Recreation

Water

Landscape

Reserve

Spruce

Fir

BirchPoplar

Divergent product flows

Tightening timber supply on public land

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Author: Groupe Rémabec



Process mapping

«Why are seedlings not delivered at a proper time/site?»

3. Action Plan to address these

challenges

FORAC 4.0 Action plan (2019-2024)

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• Forest to customer 4.0I. Connected collaborative networks

II. Agile manufacturing

III. Smart wood supply


A new way of organizing the means of production throughthe implementation of « smart factories » capable of greateragility in production, and more efficient resource allocation.

Its technological bases include cyber-physical systems, the Internet of things, cloud computing and cognitive computing.

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Industry 4.0


(Wikipédia (French edition) 04.08.2018)


https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC2ZJiV_r6Fe85RfAENAuU-A

http://blog.testbirds.com/industry-4-0-the-next-industrial-revolution/

www.fraunhofer.de

Smart manufacturing

26

What do Alphabet, Facebook, Amazon have in

commun ?


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How/who to pool data from the whole value chain?


Photo: www.iStock.com

Photo: John Deere

Ph

oto

: B

log.

reso

lu

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Connexion : Data, information, and knowledge


HARVEST

BLOCK

FOREST ROADSIDE TRANSPORT WOOD

YARD

SAWMILL

Scanners

Optimizers

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Cheapest inventory is in the forest


HARVEST

BLOCK

FOREST ROAD

SIDE

TRANSPORT WOOD

YARD

SAWMILL

Inventories

Aerial photos

Multi-spectral

Satellite imagery

Microwaves radars

Lidar

Scanners

Optimizers

T. Lidar

On board computer

Data logger

Scaling

AMS

Photo

Transport vauchers

Data logger

Scale

Mesurarement

Yard inventory

Aerial photos

Imag

es: F

lexW

oo

d

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Data, information, knowledge and decision-making

Integrated to a 4.0 logistic chain

HARVEST BLOCKFOREST ROADSIDE TRANSPORT WOOD YARD SAWMILL

Scanners

Optimizers

Aerial photos

Onboard computers

Acquisition system

Measuring

Acquisition system

Aerial photos

Transport vouchers

Acquisition system

Photo: FPInnovations

Photo: John Deere

Photo: CRIQ

Photo: ComactPhoto: GSF

Photo: FORAC

Acquisition system


Using machine learning to identify wood species

White spruce Black spruce

Carpentier, Giguère, Gaudreault 2017


Using machine learning for kiln operation planning


Physical production system

Fundamental principle of 4.0 :

Integration of cyber physical systems

Management system


Management system


Management system

J. Gaudreault (FORAC)


Coordination; decide what must be done, when, where, by whom…

The challenge : Processes automatization

Physical production

system

Management system

Source: Le DevoirOriginal slide by : J. Gaudreauly (FORAC)


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Coordinating a harvest/transport network


Parent

461

460459

458

457

455

456 La Tuque454

Windsor

Trois-Rivières

450

Shawinigan

Saint-Roch

Saint-Georges

Saint-Adelphe

452451

Rivière-aux-rats

453

Saint-Tite

Legend

Pulp and Paper

Sawmills

Veneer

Panels

Yards

Hardwood

Softwood

Source: http://www.scotiana.com

Author: L. LeBelAuthor: L. LeBel

Author: L. LeBel

Author: L. LeBel

Photos: L. LeBel

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Smart wood supply

Photo: Cloutier et al. (2009)

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http://www.skaraborglogisticcenter.se/



Extra-heavy load (100 000kg pay load) Author: Groupe Rémabec


Philippe Giguère (2017)

Conclusions

• The planet is forcing us to innovate

• Multidisciplinarity is our leitmotif

• Must mobilize and coordinate all available resources in industry, institute, universities

• A 4.0 Approach in forestry

• Good data are fundamental to AI

• Owning data is highly valuable (cash-in?)

• Huge quantities are needed – Big Data!

• Have to sort them out (algorithms)

• Training for new skill sets.

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Thank you!


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