document resume ed 101 445 mooij, d. title sun shading ...document resume. ea 006 722. mooij, d. sun...
TRANSCRIPT
ED 101 445
AUTHORTITLE
INSTITUTION
REPORT NOPUB DATENOTEAVAILABLE FROM
EDRS PRICEDESCRIPTORS
IDENTIFIERS
DOCUMENT RESUME
EA 006 722
Mooij, D.Sun Shading Diagrams for School Buildings.Educational Building Report 2.United Nations Educational, Scientific, and CulturalOrganization, Bangkok (Thailand). Regional Office forEducation in Asia.BKB-74-RHM-30-220074-31p.; A related document is EA 006 721UNIPUB, P.O. Box 433, Murray Hill Station, New York,New York 10016 ($3.00)
MF-$0.76 HC Not Available from EDRS. PLUS POSTAGE*Building Design; *Climate Control; Climatic Factors;*Daylight; *School Buildings; Solar Radiation;*Thermal Environment*Asia
ABSTRACT .
This publication provides aata on the anglesgoverning the design of sunshading devices for educational buildingsin the countries of the Asian region and gives examples of the waysin which these data can be used. Different methods of excludingdirect sunlight from teaching spaces are illustrated in a series ofdiagrams that show exclusion by roof overhang, louvres, adjustableshutters, and grills. Sunshading diagrams for latitudes 32 degreesNorth to 10 degrees South give the angle of the sun for a variety ofbuilding orientations. These angles can be used without furthercalculation to determine the projection of a sunshade that willexclude sun from the opening it protects. (Author /NLF)
U DEPARIMENInF HEALTHEDULATION 4WlCWFI F ARENATIONAL INSItTUTE OF
EDUC A TON,4 t/,;,.. ...I A II I N WI P4C:
(/ xt I I 11 I 14(1.1,1
P.
A OP.tA, I, /I t V WI Plit
tA NA ' N. ! I ,, IOk, AI. 01, . Pt). A Y
BEST COPY AVAILABLE
r Al I I 11,
uf, A I. NA,I P.A. BY MICROFICHE ONLY A .,RANII n 1,Y
7/11/41-74 5/7I A .164(1
.4f I MI NI', A! I S 1,4 NAIF I [(III A I .(1S4
A Pt I .1101!(NE91111(
ON (LAWN
SUN SHADING DIAGRAMS
FOR SCHOOL BUILDINGS
r
EDUCATIONAL BUILDING REPORT 2UNESCO REGIONAL OFFICE FOR EDUCATION IN ASIAP.O. BOX 1425, BANGKRK
.1
THE DESIGN on the cover derives from a cube, lit froma point source. The sides in shade and In light, as wellas the cast shadows, are determined by projection, thelines of which form part of the design.
Any material appearing in this Report may be reprinted.The credit line should read "Reprinted from EducationalBuilding Report Number 2 of the Unesco Regional Office forEducation in. Asia" specifying the date of issue. Threevoucher copies should be sent to the Director, Unesco RegionalOffice for Education in Asia, P.O. Box 1425, Bangkok, Thailand.
CO Unesco 1974
Mooij, D.
Sunshading diagrams for school buildings.Bangkok, Unesco Regional Office for Educationin Asia, 1974. 30 p.
(Educational Building Report 2)
1. SCHOOL BUILDINGS - SUN-CONTROL.2. BUILDINGS - DESIGNS AND PLANS. I. UnescoRegional Office for Education in Asia, Bangkok.II. Series.
SfB (35)UDC 69.028.3
Dewey 727 0Unesco Regional Office for Education in Asia
Datakarn Building, 920 Sukhumvit RoadP.O. Box 1425
Bangkok, Thailand
BK3 /74/RHM/30 -2200
EDUCATIONAL BUILDING REPORT
SUN SHADING DIAGRAMS
FOR SCHOOL BUILDINGS
Prepared byD. 11400IJ
UNESCO REGIONAL OFFICE FOR EDUCATION IN ASIA
BANGKOK4
CONTENTS
Page
Summary . . . . 6 6 6 5
Introduction 4 6 6 7
Sunshading deviCes , some considerations 8
Scope . . . . 13
The sunpath . . . 15
The sunshading diagrams explained . 16
Examples . 1 7
The surshading diagrams for latitudes 32° N..:to 10° S . . 19
References . 30
5
SUMMARY
This publication provides data on the angles governing the design of sun-shading. devices for educational buildings in the countries of the Asian regionand gives examples of the ways in which these data can be used. Differentmethods of excluding direct sunlight from teaching spaces are illustrated in aseries of diagrams which show exclusion by roof overhang, louvres, adjustableshutters and grills. Planting of suitable shade trees is also recommended as away of reducing solar heat.
Of course, a good way of keeping the cost of sunshades as well as solarheat load to a minimum is to orientate the building with its longitudinal axiseast-west. This orientation may, however, sometimes conflict with the needin the humid tropics to face the building towards the prevailing breezes so thatthe occupants receive adequate ventilation for cooling. In such cases a compro-mise orientation must be sought. In the hotter and drier areas of the Asianregion, smaller windows, normally provided to reduce heat gain, also makesunshading problems easier to solve.
The sunshading diagrams for latitudes 32° N to 10° S, to be found at theend of the publication, give the angle of the sun with the ground at right anglesto the face of the building for a variety of building orientations. These anglescan, as is shown in the examples, be used directly and without further calcula-tion, to determine the projection of a sunshade which will exclude sun from theopening it protects.
SOMMAIRE
Cette publication fournit des donnees chiffrees concernant les angles etinclinaisons a donner aux dispositifs parc-soleil des ecoles d'Asie, einsi quedivers exemples de la fawn d'utiliser ces donnees. Une serie de diagrammesmontrent diverses methodes de proteger les classes du rayonnement solairedirect : toits debordants jalousies, persiennes reglEibles et claustras. Onrecommande aussi de planter des arbres appropries afin de rafratchirl'atmosphere.
Assurement, un excellent moyen de minimiser tant le coat de ces dis-positifs que l'echauffement d0 au rayonnement solaire consiste a orienter lesbatiments selon un axe est-ouest. Cependant, cette orientation peut parfoisetre incompatible avec la necessite, dans les regions tropicales humides, deconstruire les facades perpendiculairement a la direction des vents dominantsafin d'assurer aux occupants une traicheur suffisante par ventilation naturelle.En pareil cas, ii Taut rechercher le meilleur compromis. Dans les pays plus
56
chauds et plus secs d'Asie, la protection contre le rayonnement solaire estfacilitie grace aux faibles dimensions des fenetres, traditionnellement reduitespour limiter rechauffement des locaux.
Les diagrammes valables pour les latitudes comprises entre 320 N et10° S, qu'on trouvera a la fin de l'ouvrage, indiquent la hauteur du soleil a'i-dessus de l'horizon, mesuree perpendiculairement a la façade pour diversesorientations de l'edifice. Comme be montrent les exemples donnas, on peututiliser ces valeurs angulaires directement et sans autre calcul pour deter-miner la projection d'un parc-soleil protegeant completeinent l'ouverture surlaquelle it est place.
1111111ftrzl
6
INTRODUCTIONBEST COPY AVAILABLE
In most countries of the Asian region,' exclusion of direct sunshine fromthe school building is an important step toward a thermally and visually com-fortable environment for pupils and teachers, as direct sunshine admitted to thebuilding through windows and other openings will produce heat and glare (Plate 1).
SHINE
1
Plate 1
GLARE
s,
.J
AT
It is surprising how few buildings in the tropics are effectively shadedagainst the sun, despite the availability of excellent shadow angle protractorsfor the determination of horizontal and vertical sun/angles at any time of theday and for any day of the year. 2 The use of these protractors is recommendedin the more complex cases. This publication provides information for most ofthe common cases and offers a method by which the designer's task is madesimpler and less time consuming.
1. In t!-.e mountainous areas of some countries such as in the Republic ofAfghanistan, India, Iran, Republic of Korea, Nepal and Pakistan,the exclusion of direct sunshine is important in the summer monthsbut, in the winter, sunshine in the teaching spaces provides animportant source of heat to supplement that of the classroom stove.
2, See references 1-6 (page 30),
78
SUNSHAD1NG DEVICES SOME CONSIDERATIONS
1. Early consideration of the solar problem
It is important that sunshading calculations be made early in the designstage as, at this stage, the orientation, the type of construction, the lay-out,and the cost of construction of the building can still be adjusted.
2. Various types of sunshading devices
a) The roof overhang - for high sun ( Figure 1)
Figure I.
b) The roof overhang with additional horizontal louvres - for low sun( Figure 2 )
Figure 2.
11111111111
111111111
c) The roof overhang with small, high-level windows - for low sun (Figure 3)
VENTILATION
Figure 3.
8
d) Sunshading devices just above the window - for low sun ( Figure 4 ).For heat reflection see para. 6, p. 11; for sound reflection seepara. 7, p. 12.
*110
Figure 4.
e) Louvre-type, adjustable shutters ( Figure 5 )
- can be adjusted to almost any sun-angle
- can be adjusted to illumination requirements ( see para. 5, p. 11)
- can be closed against rain, dust and illegal entry
- for effective sunshading, shutters should be almost continuousalong the length of the building ( Figure 14 ).
Figure 5.
f) Fixed louvres, grills etc, in brick, timber, concrete blocks etc.( Figure 6 )
- inexpensive
- reasonable illumination possible
- good ventilation
- no illegal entry
(but - some rain, ordust may penetrate)..
Figure 6
9
g) Shading by environment, e. g. building and trees ( Figure 7 ).
Figure 7.
3. Orientation, prevailing wind direction, limited site and sunshading
A good orientation of the building for economic sunshading, is with itslongitudinal axis east -west, or with the window-walls facing north andsouth. For a comfortable thermal environment in the hot humid tropics,however, there is another consideration. Maximum ventilation will beobtained when the window-wall faces the prevailing wind direction ( theprevailing wind in the hot season is of especial importance). The prevail-ing wind direction may result in a different orientation of the building fromthat most suitable for economic sunshading (i.e. major axis east-west).A compromise solution will give the most comfortable results. ( Figure 8)A small site may impose other limitations for, orientation. Adaptation ofsunshades will then be necessary. In many countries standard schoolbuilding designs with standard sunshades are used. However, prevailingwind directions in the hot season, may be different for different locationsin a country. Small sites, coupled with limited understanding of aunshadingon the part of the construction supervisor, or unreasonable prejudices suchas, those requiring 'buildings to be parallel to the road', may be reasonsfor a different orientation than was anticipated in the design of the standardschool building.
REST ORIENTATION
FOR SWIMMING
Flom A.
PREVAILING
WIND DIRECTION
REST ORIENTATIONFOR MAXIMUM'VENTILATION
PREVAILING
WIND DIRECTION
COMPROMISE
ORIENTATION
The lack of firm directives for orientation of the schoolbuilding is one of the main'.reasons for the ineffectiveness of costly sun-shading devices in a great number of school buildings. All drawings forschools in the tropics should have the required orientation very clearlymarked on them.
4. Driving rain, dust, illegal entry
Louvres and adjustable shutters are effective sunshading devices, and theyalso can be closed in times of rain- and dust-ptorms. The illuminationlevel will drop considerably, however, when shutters are closed (shutterscan also prevent vandals from entering the building through the windows).The orientation of the building at which the windows face the prevailing winddirection in the rainy or dusty season might thus be one to be avoided.
5. The minimum window surface
As windows and sunshading devices are usually expensive, careful consider-ation should be given to the minimum surface of the window required toprovide :
a) The required illumination level * (white-washing of walls, ceilings andshutters is an inexpensive means of increasing the illumination level).
b) Required airspeed (ventilation) at body level (special ventilationopenings at body level will improve thermal comfort).
6. Heat reflection
Solid sunshades are likely to reflect radiant heat int., the building.This can be avoided by using louvred sunshading, as shown con. parativelyin Figures 9 and 10 (on page 12).
* See references 7-12 (page 30).
Fig. 10
SOLID SUNSNADING DEVICE
AND PAVING REFLECT RADIANT
HEAT INTO THE BUILDING.
LOUVRED SUNSNADING DEVICEAND VEGETATION REFLECT
RAD&.NT NEAT AWAY FROM
THE BUILDING,. OR ABSORB IT,
7. Sound reflection
Solid sunshades also may reflect sound into the building (Figure 11).This can also be avoided with the same louvred sunshades, as shown inFigure 12.
Fit 11
MOST SOUND IS REFLECTEDINA THE BUILDING.
MOST SOUND IS REFLECTEDAWAY FmOM THE BUILDING.
8. Reducing heat load on tea spaces by planning
Spaces which people do not frequently use should be located on east andwest walls, where they will have a heat insulating function (Figure 13).
WEST
11LOW
HOTSUN
PM
Figure 13.
dirmrs Boemum
STORE ROOM, STAIRCASE ETC,ACT AS INSULATOR.
12
13
EAST
LOWHOTSUN
AM
SCOPE
The scope of this publication is limited to the
1: Only vertical, projected sun-angles are given (s
2. Only continuous, horizontally directed sunshades.(Figure 14).
3, For a totally effective sunshade, end walls shouldthe sunshade (Figures 14 and 15).
BEST CCPY AVAILABLE
following conditions
ee explanation, p. 16 ).
can be determined
be extended fully under
CONTINUOUSHORIZONTALLYDIRECTED
UNMADE
TOTALLY
EFFECTIVESHADEOVER ALLWINDOWS
EXTENDED
END WALL
TOTALLYEFFECTIVESHADE OVERALL WINDOWS
Figure 14.
EXTENDEDWINDOWLESS WALL END WALL
XTENDED END WALL
OF1/411Figure 15.
EXTENDEDEND WALL(E G. OPENSHUTTER)
If extension of end walls is impossible, undesired or unnecessary, as forexample in Figures 13 and 16, where the sunshade extends beyond the windows,one of the references * should be consulted to design the sunshade.
* See references 1-6 (page 30).
13
14
4. The data given can be used to design sunshades to exclude sunshine duringthe school day (8.00 a.m. - 4.00 p.m.). Before 8. 00 a.m. and after4. 00 p.m. , direct sunshine may penetrate into the building. Direct sun-shine at, say, 7.00 a.m. will not be disastrous, as the sun is low and itwill still be cool. Direct sunshine at 5.00 p. m, in the case of a double-shift school however, could be troublesome. In this case again, references*should be consulted to design the sunshading devices.
5. The data given can be used for the countries of the Asian region which liebetween the latitudes 10° south and 32° north. For higher and lower latitudes,references * should be consulted to design the sunshading devices.
6. The sun-angles are given for the even latitudes only. Interpolation givessufficiently accurate sun-angles for odd latitudes.
7. The sun-angles are given for orientations of the longitudinal axis of thebuilding E-W, NE-SW, NW-SE, WSW-ENE and WNW-ESE. Interpolation'will give the sun-angles for other orientations,
THE SUNPATH
SUNPATH22 DEC
SUNSET
Figure 17,
SUNSET
Direct .sunshine should be kept out of the building during the school day,wt. ch has been assumed to start at 8. 00 a. m. and to finish at 4. 00 p. m. If thesunshades are designed to exclude the sun on 22 June and December, during theschool day, then they should be large enough to exclude sun during all otherschool days of the year (Figure 17). Two angles may thus be of consequence,V and H. The horizontal angle H is only of importance in complex cases,however, and will not be considered here. If this angle is significant, one ofthe references * should be consulted.
* See references 1-6 (page 30).
156
THE SUNSHADING DIAGRAMS EXPLAINED
For the sunshading diagrams, see pages 19 through 29. The firstcolumn of the diagrams refers to the orientation of the building. For quickdetermination cf the extent of sunshading required to keep the sun out of thebuilding during the critical hours between 8. 00 a. m. and 4. 00 p. m. , the actualvertical sun - angles ( V1), have been projected on to a plane, section A-B,perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the building ( V2) (Figures 17, 18and 19).
PLANE OF SECTION A. B(PERPENDICULAR TO THELONGITUDINAL AX I S OF
THE BUILDING
PROJECTED
SUN RAY
SECTION
60 60"
I I ."LONOITUDINAL
AXIS OF THE .
BUILDING
Figure le.
WINDOW WALL
ACTUAL VERTICALSUN-ANGLE ( )
PROJECTEDVERTICALSUN-ANGLE (V2 )
The projected vertical sun-angles V2 given in the columns 2 and 3 of thesunshading diagrams for the critical hours and dates ; for the different orienta-tions of the longitudinal axis of the building, and thus for different orientationsof the section A-B, can directly be utilized for the determination of the extendof sunshade required (Figure 19).
REQUIRED
UNSMADE
VERTICAL
PROJECTEDCRITICAL
SUN-ANGLE v
111 1111
11 AIPROJECTED,CRITCAL
VERTICAL SUN410LE V2
EXTENDEDEND WALL
Figure SECTION Al
16
EXTENDEDEND WALL
EXAMPLES EST COPY AVAILABLE
1. Required. To determine the orientation and the extent of sunshadingrequired for the building shown in Figure 20.
Figure 20
Conditions. Hot humid climate. Latitude 13° N.Prevailing wind direction in hot season SW.
Possible solution. Orientation, see Figure 21.
C RCR C R
BEST ORIENTATIONFOR SUNSMADING
Figure 21
'AST ORIENTATIONFOR VENTILATION
WNW
2230
COMPROMISE
ORIENTATION
ESE
Interpolation between 12°N and 14°N for the orientation WNW-ESE givesthe required critical angles (Figure 22).
END WALL.
EXTENDED
Figure 22,
17
END WALLEXTENDED
2. Required. To determine the orientation of the building and the extent ofsunshading required, for the building shown in Figure 23.There should be xi') heat radiation and as little ao possible noisereflection into the building. Thermal comfort should be im-proved by natural ventilation. .
,30 IMI.130 M3
CORRIDOR CLASSROOM
Fit 23
=11142LNOSY ROAD
Conditions. Latitude 2° S. Hot humid climate. Prevailing wind directionduring hot season SE.
Possible solution. See Figures 24 and 25.
NW
WSW
PREVAILING WIND DIRECTIONIN RAINY SEASON
_I\ ENE
Figure 24.
FIXED LOUVRES
33
NOISYROAD
FRIVOLING WIND DIRECTIONIN NOT SEASON
SE
FIXED LOUVRED
SUNSHADEftipmemmem....MW.NNWOMME.00
VENTILATION
VENTLATION191111,RASS
NNWNO HEAT RADIATION
Figure 25.
SSE EXTENDED END WALL
NO HEAT RADIATION ANDMOST SOUND IS REFLECTEDAWAY FROM BUILDING
18
19
SUN SHADING DIAGRAM
CRITICAL VERTICAL SUN ANGLES BEST COPY AVAILABLE
DURING THE SCHOOL DAY 8 AM - 4PM
PROJECTED ON THE PLANE OF SECTION A- B
ORIENTATION
LATITUDE 32° N LATITUDE 30° N
SECTION A- B SECTION A - B
JUNE DEC8AMAPM SAM /4PM
60'
N WALL
17°
S WALL
JUNE DEC
6AM/4PM SAM / 4PM
79.
N WALL
194
S WALL
N NE JUNE
4 PM
N W WALL
DEC.
6 AM
S E
-IWALL
JUNE DEC
4PM II API
N W WALL
2'
S E WALL
N W ENE
WSW
SSE
JUNE
4PM
Sr
DEC.
SAM
NNW WALL SSE WALL
JUNE DEC
4PM 6A'4
55.
NNW WALL
JUNE
6 AM
DEC.
4PM
N E WALL S W WALL
J UNE DEC.
641 4PM
NNE WALL SS W WALL
JUNE
ti AM
3.
SSE WALL
DEC
4 PM
N E WALL S W WALL
JUNE DEC
SAM 4PM
55.
NNE WALL
1920
S S W WALL
BEST COPY AVAILABLE
SUN SHADING DIAGR AM
CRITICAL VERTICAL SUN ANGLES
DURING THE SCHOOL DAY 8AM - 4PM
PROJECTED ON THE PLANE OF SECTION A- B
ORIENTATION
LATITUDE 28° N LATITUDE 26° N
SECTION A B
Si
N NE
JUNE6AM /4PM
SECTION A - B
DEC
SAM/4PM
JUNE
8AM /4PM
DEC
SAN / 4 PM
N WALL
JUNE
4PM
S WALL
DEC
AM
N W WALL S E WALL
N1
N W ENE
WSWSSE
JUNE
4PM
546
DEC.
8AM
NNW WALL
N1 JUNE
8AM
SSE WALL
DEC.
6 PM
N W WALL
JUNE
4 PM
536
NNW WALL
JUNE
9 AM
41'
N E WALL
JUNE
6 AM
N E WALL
WNW NNE
S S W
JUNE
8AM
S W WALL
DEC.
4PM
NNE WALLVIEN1111111111M.
20
SSW WAL L
S E WALL
DEC
8 Am
6'
SSE WALL
DEC
4 144
S W
NNE WALL
DEC
4
16'
S S V. WA LL
SUN SHADING DIAGRAM
CRITICAL VERTICAL SUN ANGLESBEST COPY AVAILABLEDURING THE SCHOOL DAY BAM - 4PM
PROJECTED ON THE PLANE OF SECTION A- B
ORIENTATION
LATITUDE 240 N LATITUDE 22° N
SECTION A- B SECTION A - B
4.,.......... E
N WALL S WALL
JUNE
6AM/4PMDEC
SAN / 4PM
N WALL S WALL
JUNE
4PMDEC.
S AM
JUNE
4 PM
DEC
S All
N W WALL SE WALL
SSE
JUNE
4PM
Sla
DEC.
6A M
NNW WALL
JUNE
6 AM
SSE WALL
DE:4 PM
N E WALL
JUNE
SAM
51'
NNE WALL
S W WALL
DEC.
4PM
SS W WALL
P41 W WALL S E WALL
NNW WALL
JUNE
9 AM
394
N E WALL
JUNE
$ AM
so'
SSE WALL
DEC
P14
S V, WA....L
DEC
4 3M
19'
NNE WALL S S W WALL
21
22
BEST COPY AVAILABLE
IDSUN SHADING DIAGRAM
CRITICAL VERTICAL SUN ANGLES
DURING THE SCHOOL DAY BAM - 4PM
PROJECTED ON THE PLANE OF SECTION A- B
ORIENTATION
LATITUDE 20°N LATITUDE 18°N
SECTION B SECTION A B
E
N WALL S WALL
JUNE
BAN/4PMDEC
SAM 14 PM
N WALL S WALL
N NE JUNE
4PM
38'
DEC
AM
1
N W WAU. S E WALL
JUNE
4 PM
DEC
At
NT
SSE
JUNE
4PM
49'
DEC. JUNE
SAM 4PM
21
DEC.
8 A.!
47'
NNW WALL SSE WALL NNW WALL
JUNE DEC. JUNE
AM 4PM SAM
NN36'
N E WALL
18'
S W WALL
37'
N E WALL
SSE WA LL
DEC
4 P11
S V,
S S W
JUNE
SAM
49'
NNE WALL
DEC
4PM
JUNE DE C
SAM 4'M
474
SSW WALL NNE WALL S S W WALL
2
3
SUN SHADING DIAGRAM
CRITICAL VERTICAL SUN ANGLES BEST COPY AVAILABLEDURING THE SCHOOL DAY BAM - 4PM
PROJECTED ON THE PLANE OF SECTION A- B
ORIENTATION
LATITUDE 16°N LATITUDE 14° N
SECTION A - B SECTION A - B
ow9,44.7"*07419kr147^rr
N NE JUNE
4PM
NI
SSE
NI'
36'
N W WAU.
JUNE
4PM
DEC.
5 AM
20'
SE WALL
DEC.
SAM
JUNE
BAN /4PMDEC
SAM / 4PM
63'
N WALL
JUNE
4 PM
36'
N W WALL
JUNE
4 PM
S WALL
DEC
11 API
S E WALL
DEC..
6
N E WALL
NNW WALL
JUNE
II AM
36'
N E WALL
JUNE
5 AM
NI' JUNE5 AM
DEC.
4PM
NNE WALL SS W WAL L
SSE WALL
DEC
4 PI4
DEC.
4PM
NNE WALL S S W WALL
2324
riBEST COPY AVAILABLE
gio SUN SHADING DIAGRAM
CRITICAL VERTICAL SUN ANGLES
DURING THE SCHOOL DAY 8 AM - 4PM
PROJECTED ON THE PLANE OF SECTION A- B
ORIENTATION
LATITUDE 12°N
SECTION A B
lappilTINIMINrIrrrr
it 4. .;.eA A
NW
SW
SE45°
E
NE
JUNE8 AM /4PM
DEC
SAM /4PM
LATITUDE ioN
N WALL
JUNE
4 PM
35°
N W WALL
S WALL
JUNE DEC
SAM /4PM SAM ./ 4 PM
59' 39°
N WALL S WALL
DEC. JUNE DEC
5 AM 4PM 5 MI
22'
SE WALL
SSE
JUNE
4PM
DEC.
SAM
34°
N W WALL
JUNE
4 PM
23°
S E WALL
43' 27'
NNW WALL SSE WALL. NNW WALL
DEC
AN
284
SSE WALL
JUNE
SAM
354
N E WALL
DEC. JUNE
4PM S AM
22' 34'
S W WALL N E WALL
DEC
4 Pit
S 14.
JUNE DEC. JUNE
SAM 4PM SAM
436
DEC
4 'PA
7. 42'
NNE WALL SSW WAIL NNE WALL 5 S V,' WALL
. SUN SHADING DIAGRAM
CRITICAL VERTICAL SUN ANGLES BEST COPYDURING THE SCHOOL DAY 8AM - 4PM
PROJECTED ON THE PLANE OF SECTION
AVAILABLE
A- B
.6° NORIENTATION
LATITUDE 8° N LATITUDE
SECTION A- B SECTION A - B
. N t JUNE
8AM/4PM
.
57' A
DEC.
8AM /4PMJUNE
8AM/4PM
55'
DEC
bAM ' 4 PA4/S T
.
N WALL S WALL N WALL S WALL
S
NW
SE5'
NE JUNE
4PM
33' ....,......:1
DEC
8AM
.--
246
JUNE
4PM
32'
DEC
8AM
--------
25°1
N W WAU. S E WALL N W WALL S E WALLE
WSW
N '14
N w
--"11611 E
ENE
JUNE
4PM..._
40 iDEC.
8AM
...,29.
JUNE
4PM
39'
DEC
8AM
31.SSE
NNW WALL SSE WALL NNW WALL SSE WALL
N
NE
SS' ah,.
JUNE
8AM
33' ...,
DEC.
4PM
24'
JUNE
e AM
32'
DEC
4PM
254
N E WALL S W WALL N E WALL S W WALI
W W
N it
NNE
2430 E
JUNE
8AM
401
DEC.
4PM
,-""--/
29
JUNE
8AM
39" )\..,, .
DEC
4PM
I'S S W
......rNNE WALL SS W WALL NNE WALL SS W WALL
25 26
1Esi copy. RoamSUN SHADING DIAGRAM
CRITICAL VERTICAL SUN ANGLES
DURING THE SCHOOL DAY
PROJECTED ON THE PLANE,...
LATITUDE 4° N
8AM- 4PM
OF SECTION .A- B
LATITUDE 2°N1RIENTATION
SECTION A- B SECTION A - B
NipTimimpemewwwwrirmi.
JUNESAM /4PM
53'. DEC.
SAM/4 PM
4S'
JUNE
8AM/4PM
51.
...'::::
.,,..,,.i
DEC
SAN I 4 PM
47'... . . .:
N WALL S WALL N WALL S MALL
SW
N t
NW
SE
NE JUNE
4PM
31'
,..
DEC
SAM
26"
JUNE
4PM
30' i::::::
DEC
6 Ar
.------.--?---
a*
N W WALL S E WALL N W WALL S E WALL
..........0E
WSW
N w
E
ENE
JUNE
4PM
38'
..
;:...
DEC.
SAM
32'
JUNE
4PM
36. ..
DEC...
SA .!
33'
SSENNW WALL SSE WALL NNW WALL SSE WALL
W
NI
NE
.5' NJUNE
SAM
',N,-.,
31'
DEC.
4PM
26
JUNE
SAM
30.
DEL
4 Pt;
.-----
----26'
E WALL S W WALL N E WALL S W WALL
N E
2'30 E
JUNE
SAM
38' d..
DEC.
4PM
32'
JUNE
SAM
36'ak. ...*
DEC.
4 2M
,V7,--
33'
S S W
4,..........NNE WALL SS W WALL NNE WALL S S W WALL
..........mo
26
SUN SHADING DIAGRAM
CRITICAL VERTICAL SUN ANGLES BESTCOPY AVAILABLE
DURING THE SCHOOL DAY B AM - 4PM
PROJECTED ON THE PLANE OF SECTION A- B
NTATION
LATITUDE os LATITUDE 2°S
SECTION A - B
N JUNE8AM /4PM
ti
49'
N WALL
DEC.
SAM/4PM
496
S WALL
SECTION A - B
JUNE DEC
SAM/4PM SAM 4PM
/.\47' 51'
N WALL S MALL
SW
NE JUNE
4PM
29'
NW WALL
N W ENE
WSWSSE
JUNE
4PM
35'
DEC.
AM
29'
S E WALL
DEC.
SAM
NNW WALL
NI' JUNE
8 AM
29'
SSE WALL
DEC
4PM
N E WALL
29'
S W WALL
JUNE
44DE C
4PM
NNE WALL SSW WALL
JUNE DEC
4 PM 8 AN
28'
N W WALL
JUNE
4 PM
33'
NNW WALL
JUNE
9 AM
28'
14 E WALL
JUNE
I) AM
306
S E WALL
DEC.
A4
36'
SSE WALL
DEC
4 PH
30'
S W WALL
DEC
4 PM
27,,,
1111EST COPY AVAILABLESUN SHADING DIAGRAM
CRITICAL VERTICAL SUN ANGLES
DURING THE SCHOOL DAY 8 AM - 4PM
PROJECTED ON THE PLANE OF SECTION A- B
ORIENTATION
LATITUDE 4°S
SECTION A- B1011For
LATITUDE 6°S
SECTION A - B
JUNE DEC.
SAM / 4PM 8AM/4PM
45'
N WALL
53.
S WALL
JUNE
SAM/4PMDEC
BAN 4 PM
N WALL
N NE JUNE
4 PM
N W ENE
WSWSSE
27'
N W WALL
JUNE
4PM
32'"
NNW WALL
DEC
5 AM
31'
S E WALL
DEC
A M
37'
SSE WALT.
JUNE
4 PM
DEC
AI'
26' 32'
N W WALL S E WALL
JUNE DEC.
4PM SA)
NNW WALL
394
SSE WALL
NI' JUNE DEC.
8 AM 4PM
27'
N E WALL
31'
JUNE
6 AM
32'
NNE WALL
S W WALL
DEC.
4PM
31'
SSW WALL
JUNE DEC
9 AM 4 1311
26'
N E WALL S V, WALL
JUNE
B AM
DEC
4 0M
NNE WALL S S W WALL
28 29
SUN SHADING DIAGRAM
CRITICAL VERTICAL SUN ANGLES BEST COPY AVAILABLEDURING THE SCHOOL DAY B AM - GPM
PROJECTED ON ThIE PLANE OF SECTION A- B
)RIENTATION
LATITUDE 8°5 LATITUDE 100S
SEC TION A ..
1.......B SECTION A - B
JUNE
SAM/4PM
41'N
DEC
SAM14 PM
Sis
JUNE
SAM /4PM
396
DEC
8 / 4 PM
59.
.. .
S 1
N WALL S WALL N WALL S WALL
SW
t'l V4
SE5 '
NE JUNE
4PM
25'
DEC.
8 AM
"
V
JUNE
4PM
246
DEC
8 AM
rr346
N W WAU. S E WALL N W WALL S E WALLE
WSW
N
N w ENE
E
JUNE
4PM
29'
DEC
SA M
40'
JUNE
4PM
'%"`,....,,,,
2 .
DEC
8 AM
iSSE
NNW WALL SSE WALL NNW WALL SSE WALL
N
W
NI'
NE
SSi
JUNE
8 AM
25'
DEC.
4PM
33'
JUNE
e AM
24' ...X'
OEC
4PM
3:'
N E WALL S W WALL N E WALL S W WALL
w NNE
2'30
JUNE
SAM
29. ''''11... A
DEC
4PM
40'
JUNE
S AM
N.,..,,,,..
294
ADEC.
4PM
//
41e
S S W NNE WALL 55 H. WALL NNE WALL S S W WALL
29 .00
REFERENCES
1. Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee, India. Climatological andsolar data for India ; to design buildings for thermal comfort, preparedby T.N. Seshadri and others, revised by M. R. Sharma and SharafatAli. 2d rev. ed. Meerut, Sarita Prakashan, 1968,
2. Solar charts and shadow angle protractors for daylight pl; nning presentedwith Hope's Sunbreaker cat.logue no. 374. London, Henry Hope andSons Ltd. , 1964. (List No. 374A ; 32 0N - 28 0 5)
3. Page, J. K. The use of solar charts for handling shading problems ofbuildings (00 - 18 °). Watford, England, Building Research Station,1957.
4, Olgyay, A. and V. Olgyay. Solar control and shading devices (24° - 52°).Princeton, N. J. , Princeton University Press, 1957.
5. White, B.G. Aids to the design of shading devices for latitude 4°N - 12°N.West African Building Research Institute /1962/ (Note No. 6).
6. Richards, S. J. Solar charts for the e :sign of sunlight and shade forbuilding in Africa /1951/
7. Asian Regional Institute for School Building Research, Colombo. SchoolBuilding Digests :
No. 15 Design for daylight in schools ; Sri Lanka
No. 16
No. 17
No. 18
No. 19
No. 20
It
I I
I I
I
ti
I
China, Rep. of
Hong Kong
Indonesia
Philippines
Singapore