dna & gel electrophoresis
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DNA & Gel Electrophoresis. Guilford County Sci Vis V205.05. The Structure of DNA. DNA. Deoxyribonucleic acid Large molecule called a polymer Polymer means molecule with many units Units or monomers of DNA are nucleotides. Nucleotides. Made of 5-carbon sugar called deoxyribose - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
DNA & Gel Electrophoresis
Guilford County Sci VisV205.05
The Structure of DNA
DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid Large molecule called
a polymer Polymer means
molecule with many units
Units or monomers of DNA are nucleotides
Nucleotides Made of 5-carbon
sugar called deoxyribose
Deoxyribose contain a phosphate group and one of four nitrogen bases
4 nitrogen bases A for adenine G for guanine C for cytosine T for thymine
Purine Bases Adenine and guanine The larger of the 2
types of bases Have a double ring
structure
Adenine
Guanine
Pyrimidine Bases Cytosine and Thymine Have a single ring
structure
Cytosine
Thymine
Deoxyribose sugar 3 oxygen and 5
carbon atoms which make up the DNA “backbone”
The hydroxyl groups’ carbons link to phosphates to form this “backbone”
dAMP: Deoxyadenosine monophosphate, a nucleotide containing adenine, a 2'-deoxyribose sugar and phosphate, part of DNA structure.
dCMP: Deoxycytosine monophosphate, a nucleotide containing cytidine, a 2'-deoxy sugar, and phosphate, part of DNA structure.
Double Helix DNA is composed of
twisting strands of nucleotides
Each strand is a helix or spiral staircase
2 strands are bound together to create a double helix
Double helix
Configuration of DNA A & T always join
together and form 2 hydrogen bonds
C & G always join together and form 3 hydrogen bonds
Think A & T and UNCG to remember these.
DNA Fingerprinting
Definition Method of
identification that compares fragments of DNA
DNA is the genetic material found in the cell nucleus
DNA of each individual is unique, with identical twins being the only exception
Constructing a Fingerprint A “fingerprint” is
constructed by Obtaining a DNA
sample from body tissue or fluid
Cutting this sample into pieces using enzymes
Arranging these pieces using gel electrophoresis
Gel Electrophoresis Refers to the forced
movement of molecules by electricity
Separates macromolecules (large molecules) on the basis of size, electric charge, and other physical properties.
The gel is like Jell-o. Electrophoresis describes the
moving of the charged DNA Electro: energy of
electricity Phoros: to carry across
Steps in Gel Electrophoresis Holes created in gel to hold
DNA solution DNA solutions loaded into
holes Gel is “excited” by
electricity and small molecules move through the gel
Photograph is taken to save the results of the fingerprint
2 matching fingerprints indicate they are probably from identical sources
Uses of fingerprinting Discovery of genetic
causes of diseases Mapping the human
genome (2003) Forensic science Paternity testing
References Adenine and guanine - http://
www.chemsoc.org/networks/learnnet/cfb/nucleicacids.htm
Thymine and cytosine - http://www.chemsoc.org/networks/learnnet/cfb/nucleicacids.htm
dAMP & dCMP - http://www.cancerwatch.org/glossary/glossary_7.cfm
References Double helix -
http://alum.mit.edu/ne/opendoor/200507/images/double-helix.jpg
A&T logo – www.ncat.edu UNCG logo – www.uncg.edu