Disruptive TechnologiesTelephony

Raman Kannan

Loka Sanchari!

Once upon a time!

• There were POTS

• Difficult to get a phone line– 1 Year waits

– Pilferage

– State run monopoly ITI• stifled and strangled the telephony sector

• Story of a frog in the well – ITI star player

– Then came Sam Pitroda with PCO/STD• Was incremental in its effect but transformed India

Mobile Telephone

• No need for physical network• Africa, India and third world overnight became connected• Information can be shared worldwide • leveled the playing field in the domain of communication• Now India, Africa are major markets for telcom MNCs

• Indians and Africans can no longer be ignored• Indians and Africans are driving many innovation• Indians and Africans are enjoying world class infrastructure

Typical of Innovation and disruptive technologiesIndia was limited by physical network Mobile networks just did away with the need of physical network

Creative Destruction – Schumpeter – in play ITI was replaced by Reliance, AIRTEL, BSNL

http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123413407376461353.html#

World MNCs take note of Rural IndiaWSJ Article lives without a toilet but cannot without cellphone

http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/06/technology/06iht-wireless07.1.5582419.html

70 percent of India's 1.1 billion population, 770 million people, live in villages and rural areasOvernight they all could all be in touch with each other – an imperative for any social animalNokia introduced mobile phone van!Nokia introduced FM Radio on their phones besides SMS, Photo, Email

http://images.businessweek.com/ss/07/05/0511_nokia/image/nokia-mobile-van-3.jpgSuccessful technologies will be tested in un-anticipated ways and result in big gains!

http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/07_39/b4051058.htm -- mobile phones ticket to better sales and marketing and even education and banking

Tech Frenzy

• Confluence of different technologies

– Internet protocol

– Telephony

– Now we have

• Skype, Messenger, gtalk, AOL/AIM

Integrating different technologies in Many different ways enhancing humanity.

Innovation is key! Note Rich or Poor Innovative Technologies don’t make a difference. Equalizer of sorts!

IP Telephony: magicJackMay be you have seen this.

Computer + broadband = worldwide telephone and more

Innovation is key!

• To fulfill Indian destiny and ensure dreams come alive

– Job creation is key all over the country

• Not sustainable to urbanize to no end

• Need rural jobs

• Need millions of jobs every year

• Only new thinking can deliver such things

India is yours! Gandhi is not coming back. One of us shot him dead!He has shown us the way – there are no limitsDo not put up with corruption and illiterate politicians

Think Big! Mauryan Scale!20 Somethings, take note, this is your future. This is your livelihood. This is your children’s future!Keep the politicians hand out of the pot! Become public servants, politicians!This is not why Mahatma sacrificed his life…what we now have is not independence!

India needs to free itself from corruption, lawlessness, greedselfishness, money worshipIndians need to embrace service to fellowmen, excellence, cleanliness http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandhi

dhrtihi kshama damo asteyam, saucam indriya nigrahahadhirvidya satyam akrodho, dasakam dharmalakshanam

fortitude, forbearance, restraint, nonstealing, purification,control of senses, intellect, knowledge, truth, not getting angry-- these ten are the characteristics of dharma

Nothing of what I have recalled is newIndians have known thesevalues for ages

This is all old news for Indians!

samodamas tapah saucam, ksantir arjavam eva cajnanam vijnanam astikyam, brahma-karma svabhava-jam

Peacefulness, self-control, austerity, purity, tolerance, honesty, knowledge, wisdom and religiousness — these are the natural qualities for attaining your full potential says Gita 18-42.

http://saranathantg.blogspot.com/2009/01/bg-137.html

amanitvam adambhitvamahimsa ksantir arjavam

acaryopasanam shaucamsthairyam atma-vinigrahah

"Humility; pridelessness; nonviolence; tolerance; simplicity; approaching a bona fide spiritual master; cleanliness; steadiness; self-control;“

Lord Krishna Gita 13 Chapter-7 Sloka

Two major projects!

• The Garland – connect the rivers

• High Speed Rail Network – Weekend in Rajdhani

National Initiatives creating jobs and transforming Indian landscape!

Harness

http://www.ecoworld.com/waters/indias-water-future.htmlMap not drawn to scale – for illustration only.

• No floods • No drought• Garland project -- jobs• Connect the rivers Ganges/Cauveri/Krishna• Yes there will be problems• It is not an easy project• Get it done, we must• Hold people accountable• Don’t accept fraud /pilferage• Satyam eva jayati –3-1-6 Mundakopanisad

my life is not worth anything!• Do you know a North American company is

planning to import clean water to India over shipping lines!

Forget Airlines – High Speed Rail• High Speed Rail Network

• Imagine in 2025, from Bangalore

• to Hyderabad in 2 Hours

• To Madurai in 2 hours

• To Bombay in 4 hours

• To Delhi in 5 hours

• To Calcutta in 5 hours

• To Jammu in 7 hours

• Clean and on time!

http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/cities/

No need for Airlines!USA is a huge country/economy and air travel is somewhat suitable!

3 times bigger than India in land area…13 times bigger GDPIndia is sufficiently small – Air travel cannot connect all the tier 1 and 2 citiesIt is useless to fly to Madras and then switch to trains to Madurai!India needs next generation transportation capabilitiesHigh speed rail network will do that and Will create jobs! Will spur indogeneous research and innovation!These jobs will be distributed & spread over rural communitiesCopying what the west does is not always suitable!India needs to think for itself and do what is in the best interest of all its people!

http://www.raileurope.co.in/train-tickets?visitor_country=IN&cmpid=PS020402000001

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_China

Keep the barbarians out! Be Proud of your work!

Grand Daddy of HSR

• Since 1964• Initial 220 KMPH• Trials today at 500+• Ultra clean• 6Billion passengers and

counting• Ontime

2003 within 6 seconds1997 within 18 seconds

That is kaizen.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinkansen

also known as the bullet train

Don’t be a copycat!

Raman Kannan

Scale• Americanism and USA just do not scale

– 766 cars per 1000 percapita car ownership

– India is at 12

– Imagine if we are on par with US.

– Owning a car is a liability

• Car insurance

• Pollution

• Fuel expense

• Depreciating asset

Not compatible!• India is characterized by

lawlessness, corruption, lack of transparency, lack of standards, poor infrastructure, lack of respect for fellowmen, needless pride/ego, money worship, insatiable greed and creature comforts

• uncleanliness

• West is characterized by respect for law, corruption-free, transparency,

• standards, advanced infrastructure, utmost respect for fellowmen, almost karmic attitude to life

• Cleanliness

• Three times our resource and a third of the population

fastfood, hippie dress (tie/suit, jeans), materialism are not what Indians ought to emulateindians ought to emulate innovativeness, research output, integrity, precision, quality conscious,equality, fairness, justice for all and giving

India needs a design for Indians!• Dhoti/sarees – not only are they eye catching

• They let air flow through – required in a temperate land

• Indians have always been original – way ahead!

– Zero came out of India!

– Helio centric cosmology was proposed by Indians in the BC

– Sushruta thought of organ transplant and plastic surgery way before MD came along

– Soul – mind/body connection is not a fad for an Indian

– Non-violence , tolerance is patently Indian Gita 13-6.Indians would benefit immensely if they realized their strength and delivered on it!They are ahead – our scriptures dictate “sarve lokhe suveeno bhavanthu” Our ancestors thought of world peace, prosperity and health!Amplify the best Indian traits, Adopt the best from the rest, Apply every living minute!

Don’t fall into the traps

• Gita demands that we treat all the same

– We cannot discriminate

• Gita says the lord resides in all! 18-61.

• Tell Max he is wrong and misleading!

• Rig Veda 1-164-46“Eko Sat, vipraha Bahuda vadanti”– One God, the learned know him by many Names

– Inequality and discrimination is the fault of modern Indian not that of the ancient Indian

DIY

• No Narayana Murthy • No Tatas, Birlas

You can do it!Believe in yourself!Self reliant! And see yourself leading!Do not leave Rural India behind!Challenge status quo!Do not take NO for an answer!

Introspect:Gita Says!

Iti te jnanamakhyatam guhyadguyataram mayaVimrsyaitadasesena yathecchasi tatha kuru – 18-63

Lord Krishna says to Arjuna:Thus, has this wisdom, more profound than all profundities, been imparted to you. Deeply pondering over it, now do you as you like!

Do not accept anything blindly. Introspect.Never surrender your volition and freewill.Think hard and do what is right for everyone!

Individual Efforts can make a difference

Indian GDP

Raman Kannan

World Citizen

Growth Trends

http://www.tradechakra.com/indian-economy/gdp.html

Sector Contribution

http://www.theodora.com/wfbcurrent/india/india_economy.htmlhttp://www.tradechakra.com/indian-economy/gdp.html

Labor Force

• 2009 Estimate is about 467 Million

• India has been a trillion dollar economy

• Per capita GDP

– India is ranked 127th out of 153 countries

– china is 104th, USA is 10th

• Why is our productivity low?

• How can it be improved?• http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/gdp_per_capita_2010_0.html

Factors

• Not every Indian worker is equally productive

– Variability in our educational institutes

• Indian Institute of Technology vs Islamia Institute of Technology

• Problem is even deeper– Delhi Public School vs Mandya School District K-12

• Cultural deficiencies

• Lack of infrastructure

• Corruption corrodes productivity

Quality of Education

• Measurement

– What cannot be measured cannot be improved

• Accountability

– Teacher absenteeism

– Corrupt grading practices

• Motivation

– Educational infrastructure/facilities

– Internet/library

– Unfair merit recognition practices -- quota

Why QoE?• Cost is minimal

– Sunk cost

– Gov pays teachers -- hold them accountable

– Gov funds educational efforts -- make sure funds reach the recipient

• Eliminate corruption

– Sensitizing people to mind the quality of their work -- cultural

– Bonus

• India can improve REAL GDP without spending much

A Small Step

• Visit rural school districts in your vicinity

– Understand core issues

• What prevents learning?

– Case study: One Haryana village

• Lack of electricity in the night

• Lack of stationary and supplies

• Lack of strategic understanding– Villagers do not understand the importance of education

– Money worship in India

» Money tomorrow and now

What can you do?

• Solar lamps

• Notebooks and supplies

• Open tuition

– MPC and English teachers – tutor

– Outside normal school hours

• Starts after school 4 PM

• Ends at around 8PM

• Students can walk in and seek help or clarification

Results

• Day 1 -- 200 students showed up for open tuition

• 20 students were selected

– Capacity constraints

• 80% improvement in English

– At the start below standard writing or reading skills –all failed

– At the end, significant improvement in both

– 16 students cleared the tests

– September 16th first test in MPC

Recommendations

• Attack many problems alongside– Choose your school outside your state

– Hire local or recent college graduates

– measure, measure, measure at frequent intervals

– Hold tutors and students accountable

– Meet students often and set high expectation

– Remove dependency from psychology• We don’t need the government to improve

• No corruption

• We can do it!

Time to Act!

• This is just the beginning – one village out of 640,000 villages

• No time to bask

• Not a task for any one individual

• Everyone can participate in whatever they can

• Eliminate dependence on government programs, reservation/quota

• Provide a standard learning environment for all

Introspecting: A case study

High Speed Rail vs Airline Infrastructure

Ask Questions!

• What is the cost of building a new airport vsHSR terminal?

• What is the energy required to transport 1 kg of material over HSR vs Airline?

• Time to implement?

• Cost of 1 HSR train vs an airplane

• Practical and intangible benefits inner cities etc

Use the world wisdom!

• http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12396/1/MPRA_paper_12396.pdf

Construction cost (per 500 KM) 9 Million range to 39 Million ( Euro)Maintenance cost (per 500 KM) 12919 Euros to 71650 Euros.Including train cost – 6Billion to 21 Billion Euros for 2.5 Million passenger capacity

http://pep.metapress.com/content/yr3634q74155701v/http://www.oecdbookshop.org/oecd/display.asp?k=5KSCKSC5HPQ3&lang=frTimes ran a blog on this very topichttp://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/08/04/running-the-numbers-on-high-speed-trains/

The founders of transportation economics, like John Meyer and the deeply missed John Kain, found that the benefits of passenger rail rarely exceeded the costs. http://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/07/28/is-high-speed-rail-a-good-public-investment/

Indians in USA• A joint Duke University – UC Berkeley study revealed that Indian immigrants

have founded more engineering and technology companies from 1995 to 2005 than immigrants from the U.K., China, Taiwan and Japan combined

• one-third of the engineers in Silicon Valley are of Indian descent, while 7% of valley hi-tech firms are led by Indian CEOs

• Almost 67% of all Indians have a bachelor’s or high degree (compared to 28% nationally and 44% average for all Asian American groups).

• Almost 40% of all Indians in the United States have a master’s, doctorate or other professional degree, which is five times the national average

• According to the 2000 U.S. Census, Indian American men had "the highest year-round, full-time median earnings ($51,094)“

• Indian Americans own 50% of all economy lodges and 35% of all hotels in the United States, which have a combined market value of almost $40 billion.

• In 2002, there were over 223,000 Asian Indian-owned firms in the U.S., employing more than 610,000 workers, and generating more than $88 billion in revenue

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_American#Statistics_on_Indians_in_the_US

Indians in Dubai

Over a million Indian migrants are estimated to be living in the UAE (2000), who form over 40% of the total population of the UAEIndians account for 42.5% of the labour force in UAE.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indians_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates

If Indians can build Dubai they can do so In India as well.