disease caused due to climate change

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we owe our heartiest thanks to our

class teacher and also our science

teacher Ms. Bharthi maam who

gave us innovative ideas and

motivated us to learn about our

environment and guided us in doing

this project. This project could not

have been completed without the

guidance and support of our friends

and our Parents who are also our

team members. And our principal

maam ms Geetha Basavaraju who

stood by us in all Endeavour. And

last but the least our school

management


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A disorder of structure or function in a human, animal, or plant,

especially one that produces specific symptoms or that affects a

specific location and is not simply a direct result of physical injury.


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The human body takes time to adjust to any kindof change, whether it is a change in diet, a

change in geography, or a change in temperatureand climate. Every time the season changes, ourbody takes time to get accustomed to it, givinginfections an opportunity to attack it. During thisperiod of adjustment to the changing season, thebody's immunity tends to be low and thereforethe body is susceptible to attacks from virusesand bacteria.


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Done By

Hari


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Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially

serious infectious disease thatmainly affects your lungs.

The bacteria that cause

tuberculosis are spread from one

person to another through tiny

droplets released into the air viacoughs and sneezes.

Many strains of tuberculosis resist

the drugs most used to treat the

disease. People with activetuberculosis must take several

types of medications for many

months to eradicate the infection

and prevent development of

antibiotic resistance.


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Tuberculosis is ultimately caused by

the Mycobacterium tuberculosisa

bacterium that is spread from personto person through airborne particles

This can happen when someone with

the untreated, active form of

tuberculosis coughs, speaks, sneezes,

spits, laughs or sings.

Although tuberculosis is contagious,

it's not easy to catch. You're much

more likely to get tuberculosis from

someone you live with or work with

than from a stranger. Most people

with active TB who've had appropriate

drug treatment for at least two weeks

are no longer contagious.


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Most people who become infectedwith Mycobacterium tuberculosisdo

not present symptoms of the disease.

However, when symptoms are

present, they include: unexplained weight loss

fatigue

shortness of breath

fever

night sweats

chills

loss of appetite.


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Wash your hands after sneezing,

coughing or holding your hands near your

mouth or nose.

Cover your mouth with a tissue when

you cough, sneeze or laugh. Discard usedtissues in a plastic bag, then seal and

throw it away.

Do not attend work or school.

Avoid close contact with others.

Sleep in a room away from otherfamily members.

Ventilate your room regularly. TB

spreads in small closed spaces. Put a fan

in your window to blow out air that may

contain bacteria.


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Most TB is curable, but

Four or more drugs required forthe simplest regimen

6-9 or more months of

treatment required

Person must be isolated untilnon-infectious

Directly observed therapy toassure adherence/completion

recommended Side effects and toxicity

common

May prolong treatment

May prolong infectiousness

Other medical and psychosocialconditions complicate therapy

TB may be more severe

Drug-drug interactionscommon


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Dengue, also known as break bonefever, due to the extreme pain caused

in bones and muscles, is a mosquito-

borne infection transmitted through

the bite of an infected female Aedes

aegypti mosquito.The mosquitoes which acquire the

virus from already infected humans

also known to be the primary host of

the virusare capable of transmitting

the virus for the rest of their life after4-10 days of virus incubation.

These mosquitoes breed in tropical and

sub-tropical climates worldwide.


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There is no direct human to human transmission of the virus.

However, dengue can be transmitted via infected blood transfusionand organ donation.

Aedes aegypti which primarily bites during the day time breedsmostly in man-made containers. They bite multiple people during

each feeding period and peak biting periods are early in the morning

and in the evening before dusk.

There are four serotypes of the virus that cause dengue - DEN-1,DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN-4.

Having recovered from one virus strain provides lifelong immunity

against that particular serotype, but cross-immunity i.e. being

infected by a different serotype increases risk of developing severedengue which can be fatal.

According to WHO, the number of dengue cases reported has

increased predominantly in urban and semi-urban areas and has

become a major international public health concern.


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Prevention is the only way to combat the mosquito-

borne disease. Prevent measures include:

These mosquitoes breed in accumulated water and

unhygienic conditions.

The best way is to eliminate all the possible

breeding grounds for the mosquitoes

Regular cleaning, emptying and covering of water

storage containers

Using mosquito repellents, nets Wear long-sleeved

clothes)

Active monitoring and surveillance of vectors


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Chicken pox is a viral disease causedby the varicella zoster virus. It is acommunicable disease and acute

disease which generally causesaround 250-500 blisters and redspots throughout the body.


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The varicella zoster virus spreads from

air through the droplets of water that

are expelled from the sneezing or

coughing of a person suffering from

chicken pox.


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Fever

Aching muscles

Loss in appetite Itchy rashes

Blisters


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As Chicken pox is a communicable

disease, you should stay a little away

from the person suffering fromchicken pox and also must not touch

any of his belongings such as his

clothes, hand-kerchief etc.

There is a vaccine available for

chicken-pox.


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Influenza

Done By

Preksha


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Influenza (also known as the flu) is a contagious

respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses.

It can cause mild to severe illness, and at times

can lead to death.The best way to prevent the flu is by getting a flu

vaccination each year.

Complications of influenza can include bacterial

pneumonia, ear infections, sinus infections,dehydration, and worsening of chronic medical

conditions, such as congestive heart failure,

asthma, or diabetes.


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The flu is caused by influenza virus types A, B, and C. Bothtype A and type B flu viruses are responsible for the seasonal

outbreaks of flu. Type A flu viruses are found in many

different animals, including ducks, chickens, pigs, and horses.

Influenza B viruses circulate widely only among humans.

Flu viruses spread mainly from person to person, through

coughing or sneezing by people infected with influenza.

Sometimes people may become infected by touching a

contaminated surface and then touching their mouth or

nose.

Healthy adults may be able to infect others beginning oneday before symptoms develop and up to seven days after

becoming sick. This means a person may be able to pass on

the flu to someone else before ever knowing they are sick.


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The most important step in flu prevention is

getting vaccinated each year with a flu shot.

Avoid close contact with people who are sick,

stay home when you are sick, cover your mouth

and nose When you cough or sneeze, wash your

hands, avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth,

get plenty of sleep, and drink plenty of fluids.

In certain situations, antiviral drugs can be used

to prevent seasonal influenza.


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If you get the flu, there are some actions

you can take at home, such as gettingplenty of rest, drinking plenty of liquids,

avoiding alcohol and tobacco use, and

taking medication to relieve the symptoms

of flu. Using aspirin or ibuprofen can also help to

treat the fever, headaches and muscle

aches associated with the flu.

Aspirin should never be used to treat flu-like symptoms in children.

Antiviral drugs may also be prescribed for

treating the flu, depending upon the

duration of illness, severity of symptoms,and your medical history.


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Cholera

Done By

Sai Preetham


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Cholera is an infectious disease thatcauses severe watery diarrhea, whichcan lead to dehydration and even

death if untreated

It is caused by eating food or drinking

water contaminated with a bacteriumcalled Vibrio cholerae.


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Vibrio cholera, the bacterium that causes cholera, is usually

found in food or water contaminated by feces from aperson with the infection. Common sources include:

Municipal water supplies

Ice made from municipal water

Foods and drinks sold by street vendors

Vegetables grown with water containing human wastes

Raw or undercooked fish and seafood caught in waters

polluted with sewage

When a person consumes the contaminated food or

water, the bacteria release a toxin in the intestines thatproduces severe diarrhea.

It is not likely you will catch cholera just from casual contact

with an infected person.


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Although there is a vaccine against cholera,the CDC and World Health Organization don't

normally recommend it because it may not

protect up to half of the people who receive

it and it lasts only a few months.

However, you can protect yourself and your

family by using only water that has been

boiled, water that has been chemically

disinfected, or bottled water.

Be sure to use the bottled, boiled


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Drinking

Preparing food or drinks

Making ice

Brushing your teeth

Washing your face and hands

Washing dishes and utensils that you use to

eat or prepare food

Washing fruits and vegetables


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Hari

V.K.Akash

Preksha

Nikhil

Sai Preetham

disease caused due to climate change

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