disaster managment 8th 9th
TRANSCRIPT
Dictionary meaning of "disaster" may be taken as: "a
sudden accident or natural event that causes great
damage or loss of life“.
The biggest problem with the
disasters is the
suddenness and swiftness with
which they arrive.
Earthquakes, industrial accidents, oil-spills, forest-fires,
terrorist activities etc. are some of the more commonly
encountered disasters
SOME TYPES OF DISASTERS ARE AS FOLLOWS:
Natural disasters: These are primary natural disasters
Earthquake
Volcanoes
Floods
Tornados
Tsunami
Man Made : These are mostly caused due to certain
human activities.
Nuclear Leaks
Chemical Leaks
Oil spills
EARTHQUAKE
Earthquakes, also called temblors, can be so
tremendously destructive, it’s hard to imagine they occur
by the thousands every day around the world, usually in
the form of small tremors. Some 80 percent of all the
planet's earthquakes occur along the rim of the Pacific
Ocean, called the "Ring of Fire" because of the
preponderance of volcanic activity there as well. Most
earthquakes occur at fault zones, where tectonic plates—
giant rock slabs that make up the Earth's upper layer—
collide or slide against each other. Loss of life can be
avoided through emergency planning, education, and the
construction of buildings that sway rather than break
under the stress of an earthquake.
WHAT TO DO WHEN EARTHQUAKE WARNING IS GIVEN
Check for hazards in the house .
Check for safe places inside as well as outside the house.
Ensure all family members know how to respond after an earthquake Store breakable items such as bottled foods, glass, and china in low, closed cabinets with latches.
Hold earthquake drills with your family members: Drop, cover and hold
Develop an emergency communications plan in case of separation during the earthquake
If possible try to repair any deep cracks in ceilings or foundations.
DURING EARTHQUAKE:
If indoors: Take cover under a piece of heavy furniture or against an inside wall and stay inside
If outdoors: Move into the open, away from buildings, street lights, and utility wires and remain there until shaking stops
If in a moving vehicle: Stop
AFTER THE EARTHQUAKE:
Be prepared for after shocks.
Help injured or trapped persons
and give first aid where
appropriate.
Stay out of damaged buildings
and return home only when
authorities say it is safe.
Shut off the main switch of the
electricity.
Listen to a battery operated radio
FOREST FIRE
They pose a threat not only to the forest wealth
but also to the entire regime to fauna and flora
seriously disturbing the bio-diversity and the
ecology and environment of a region. During
summer, when there is no rain for months, the
forests become littered with dry senescent
leaves and twinges, which could burst into
flames ignited by the slightest spark.
Forest fire causes imbalances in nature and
endangers biodiversity by reducing faunal and
floral wealth.
HOW FOREST FIRE IS CAUSED:
Many forest fires start from natural causes such as lightning which
set trees on fire. However, rain extinguishes such fires without
causing much damage. High atmospheric temperatures and
dryness (low humidity) offer favorable circumstance for a fire to
start.
Man made causes- Fire is caused when a source of fire like naked
flame, cigarette or bidi, electric spark or any source of ignition
comes into contact with inflammable material.
Other natural causes are the friction of bamboos swaying due to high
wind velocity and rolling stones that result in sparks setting off
fires in highly inflammable leaf litter on the forest floor.
EFFECT OF FOREST FIRE:
loss of valuable timber resources
loss of biodiversity and extinction of plants and animals
global warming
soil erosion affecting productivity of soils and production
ozone layer depletion
health problems leading to diseases
loss of livelihood for tribal and the rural poor people who are directly dependent upon collection of non-timber forest products from forest areas for their livelihood.
FLOODS
o Flood is overflow of the huge amount of water onto the normally dry land. Flood occurs when the overflowing water submerges land and causes deluge. It is a cruel and violent expression of water.
o Floods are often deadly, damaging and devastating. They kill lots of people, damage houses and crops, and cause extensive destruction.
o Heavy rainfalls are one of the major
MEASURES TO BE TAKEN BEFORE A FLOOD
Learn warning signs and community alert
systems
Stockpile emergency building materials
Install check valves in sewer traps to prevent flood waters from backing up in sewer drains
Plan and practice an evacuation route
DURING A FLOOD:
If indoors:
Turn on battery operated radio to get latest emergency informationGet pre-assembled emergency suppliesIf told to leave, do so immediately.
If outdoors:
Climb to high ground and stay thereAvoid walking through any floodwaters. If in a car, turn around and go another way; if your car stalls, abandon it immediately and climb to higher ground.
AFTER A FLOOD:
Don't return home until authorities express express it is safe to
do so
Use extreme caution when entering buildings
Inspect foundations for cracks or other damage and examine
walls, floors, doors, and windows to make sure that the building is
not in danger of collapsing
Do not use appliances or lights until properly checked by an
electrician
Open windows and doors to help dry the building
Enter home with caution, checking for electrical shorts and live
wires
Volcanic eruptions happen with early
warnings unlike earthquakes that aresudden. There are early warning signsbefore a volcano erupts so there is atleast time for residents around thevolcano to prepare before the actualeruption occurs.
People should know that before avolcano erupts there are warning signssuch as rumbling sounds, continuousemissions of steam, increasing
Precautionary measures before volcano
Get a pair of goggles and a throw-away breathing mask for each member of the household
Have disaster supplies on hand (flashlight, extra batteries, portable battery-operated radio, first aid kit, emergency food and water, nonelectric can opener, cash and credit cards, and sturdy shoes)
Prioritize the safety of kids before other things. If you have relatives or friends who are far from the volcano, take your children there until such time that your place is safe.
PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES DURING
VOLCANO
Avoid all low-lying places because lava flows and mudflows are more likely to pass here.
Seek cover in case of ash falls rock falls.
Use masks and cover your mouth and nose to avoid breathing in ashes.
If you are inside a house; close all doors and windows to avoid ashes from getting inside.
Stay in the evacuation center until further instructions. Do not attempt to leave the place unless told to do.
AFTER VOLCANO:
Clean everything around and check all damages incurred.
Use masks while cleaning ash and other debris.
Wait for further announcements related to the volcano activities.
Make sure that your house is still safe for all of you.
TSUNAMIA tsunami is a wave train, or series of waves, generated in
a body of water by an impulsive disturbance that vertically displaces the water column. Earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, explosions, and even the impact of cosmic bodies, such as meteorites, can generate tsunamis.
The following are natural signs of tsunami:
Feel the earth shake. A large undersea earthquake may be
felt prior to tsunami by an ongoing shaking of the ground in
coastal regions. However, you may not feel an earthquake if
the source is far away.
See the ocean drop. As tsunami approach the shoreline, the
sea level may, but not always, recede/drop dramatically
before returning as a fast-moving wall of water.
Hear an unusual roaring sound. A roaring sound may
precede the arrival of tsunami.
BEFORE TSUNAMI:
Be familiar with warning signs (earthquakes, ground rumbling, or rapid rise and fall of coastal waters)
Have disaster supplies on hand (flashlight, extra batteries, portable battery-operated radio, first aid kit, emergency food and water, nonelectric can opener, cash and credit cards, and sturdy shoes)
Ensure all family members know how to respond.
DURING TSUNAMI:
Climb to higher ground as soon as warning of a tsunami is released
Stay away from the beach - if you can see the wave, you are too close to escape it.
Do not assume that one wave means the danger is over - the next wave may be larger than the first.
Stay out of the area and do not return until authorities say it is safe to do so
AFTER TSUNAMI:
Help injured or trapped persons and give first aid where appropriate.
Stay out of damaged buildings.
Shovel mud while it is still moist to give walls and floors an opportunity to dry.
Enter home with caution, checking for electrical shorts and live wires
NUCLEAR ACCIDENTS
As with any complex industrial
system, nuclear power plants aren't
foolproof. Though they have a good safety
record overall, various kinds of accidents
have occurred, from the mundane to the
catastrophic. Employees have mishaps and
equipment breaks down. When accidents
occur, they usually result in a minor release
of radioactive steam or water.
BASIC MEASURES TO BE TAKEN DURING
NUCLEAR ACCIDENTS:
Close all windows and doors.
Close all appliances conveying fresh air, such as air conditioning units and ventilation grilles
It is safest to be in a room without windows or a basementPack an emergency kit containing: a flashlight, battery-powered portable radio or TV, first-aid kit, food and water (canned or in airtight containers) and any prescription medicines you may need.
Dry your laundry indoors
Stay informed about the situation by listening to local media or emergency
EFFECT OF NUCLEAR ACCIDENTS:
Even low-level exposure can cause serious medical
problems and increase the incidences of various
cancers and genetic abnormalities. High levels of
exposure is deadly.
The radiation cause complications with the thyroid
gland which leads to mental and physical
retardations.
Nuclear materials can contaminate large areas of
land, contaminate waterways and enter the food
chain and harm all types of living creatures
CHEMICAL LEAKS
Some chemical factories handle simple
chemicals while some handle hazardous
chemicals.
Some of the reason which causes leakage of
chemicals may be due to the blast of
equipments like boilers………
Or may be while
transportation, storing, production, etc.
SOME OF PROBLEMS CAUSED DUE TO
CHEMICAL LEAKS:
Blast and explosion
Irritation to eyes, throats etc.
Pollution and/or poisoning of air, water-bodies
etc.
Impact on vegetation and animals (including
fishes in water-bodies)
Difficulty in breathing etc.
Fumes
Heat and/or fire etc.
PREPAREDNESS FOR PEOPLE AROUND LARGE
CHEMICAL PLANTS AND STORAGE FACILITIES:
Be aware as to what are the kind of chemicals being used/produced/stored/handled at the facility
Be aware of the various processes/machines etc. involved which could create a blast/explosion etc.
Installing a mechanism for alerting, when something goes wrong.
Installing a mechanism for the community to be able to alert the factory staff, in case they notice something going wrong example the phone number of the important chemical departments.
WHAT IS DISASTER MANAGEMENT?
Disaster management can be defined asthe organization and management ofresources and responsibilities for dealingwith all humanitarian aspects ofemergencies, in particularpreparedness, response and recovery inorder to lessen the impact of disasters.’
However, the more advanced a nation
is, typically, their level of preparedness is
higher. This higher level of preparedness
allows them to have a better control over
the loss.
There are certain types of
disasters, where, the loss during the
actual event is not necessarily as
high, but, the losses become very high
due to inability to manage the situation in
a timely manner. More often than not, it
happens due to confusion and chaos in
Another thing which causes a lot of loss during certain kind of disasters is the inability to properly manage and secure the utilities, like: electricity, gas, water etc. On one side, each of these utilities are very important, and, on the other side, due to leakages/ruptures, some of these might come in contact with each other, when they should not - causing further damage.
Thus, the main motivation behind
The main characteristics of a major disaster are that irrespective of the origin, after a little while the scene is the same:
total chaos all around
lack of utilities – which we have always taken for granted
no relief and rescue teams for several days
lack of medical facilities
Thus, the sufferings are not just due to the disaster, but, post-disaster, many more people die and suffer because of:
lack of food, shelter
lack of medical attention
hygiene issues causing health hazards
The approach for conducting a mock-drill varies as per the complexity
of scenario depending upon the potential hazards, response system
of the institution and the target community. Therefore, to ensure
proper implementation of a drill programme, roles and responsibilities
of the concerned personnel, departments, corporate
bodies, stakeholders, and mechanisms for conducting the drill should
be delineated clearly.
In all the trainings and other sensitization programmes relating to
DRM Programme, mock drill has been conducted by the Fire Service
Officials. The fire service officials make arrangements and conduct the
mock drills in the remote villages inorder to create awareness to the
general public about the rescue operations during the times of
disaster occurrence.