digital assistance for road driving

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A. C. Patil College Of Engineering

Kharghar, Navi Mumbai

A Project on

DIGITAL ASSISTANCE FOR SAFE DRIVING

Submitted in the partial requirement for the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

In

ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

By

PRADNYA KUDAV

MONICA KULKARNI

ANUSHREE MAHAJAN

DARSHAN PASAD

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

PROF P.N.GHATE

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

A. C. PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

KHARGHAR, NAVI MUMBAI 410210

(AFFILIATED TO UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI)

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

A. C. PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

KHARGHAR, NAVI MUMBAI 410210

(AFFILIATED TO UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI)

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that following students have successfully completed the project synopsis on

DIGITAL ASSISTANCE FOR SAFE DRIVING

In partial fulfillment of FINAL YEAR SEM VII in BACHELOR OF ELECTRONICS

ENGINEEERING

Conducted by University of Mumbai during the academic year 2012-2013 .

Submitted by:

PRADNYA KUDAV

MONICA KULKARNI

ANUSHREE MAHAJAN

DARSHAN PASAD

(Prof P. N.GHATE)

(Project Guide)

(Prof. V. N. Pawar) (Dr. D. G. Borse)

(Head of the Department) (Principal)

(External Examiner)

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DIGITAL ASSISTANCE

FOR SAFE DRIVING.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is indeed a matter of great pleasure and privilege to be able to present this

project DIGITAL ASSISTANCE FOR SAFE DRIVING.

The completion of a project is a milestone in a students life and its execution

is inevitable in the hands of the project guide. So we are highly indebted to our

project guide Prof. P.N.GHATE for his invaluable guidance and appreciation. It is

due to his enduring patience, efforts and enthusiasm which has given a sense of

direction and purposefulness to this project and ultimately made it a success.

We are grateful to our Head of Department Prof. V.N. Pawar for his constant

encouragement and guidance.

We would like to tender our sincere thanks to all the staff members for their co-

operation and kind help.

We are also thankful to the librarian, lab- technician and other non teaching

staff for their support and other information provided to us.

We would like to thank our friends and classmates who helped us every time when

needed.

It is highly impossible to repay the debt of all the people who have directly or

indirectly helped us in suggesting ideas for making our project better.

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ABSTRACT

This document gives the basic idea of the project DIGITAL ASSISTANCEFOR SAFE DRIVING and the literature survey done in accordance to that.

The sensors used in this project are a revolutionary technology in the field ofrevolution. The car supports features such as speed control in specific areas,collision detection, prohibits drink and drive, honking in silent zones, robbery of carand automatic brake system in traffic signal.

The technology used behind this project is GSM TECHNOLOGY. Thisproject can bring a drastic change in revolution.

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INDEX

Sr No Title Page No

1. Chapter 1. Introduction 7

2. Chapter 2. Literature Survey

2.1 Gsm Technology

2.2 Microcontroller

2.3 Sensors

2.4 Transmitter Reciever

10

10

11

16

3. Chapter 3. The Proposed System

3.1 System Block Diagram

3.2 Explanations Of Blocks

3.3 Features

18

18

19

20

4. Chapter 4. Conclusion 21

5. Chapter 5. References 22

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CHAPTER: 1

INTRODUCTION

The motor vehicle environment has gone virtually untouched by the

technology explosion of the past decade - especially the computer revolution. Except

for the use of microprocessors as an adjunct to pollution control and engine

management; technology has, for the most part, not effected the roadway

environment - automated traffic lights not withstanding.

Each year there are thousands of highway deaths and tens of thousands of serious

injuries due to "Run-Off-Road" accidents. Everything from simple driver

inattentiveness, to fatigue, to driving-while-impaired, are responsible.

The cost to the nation is the thousands of lives lost, and tens of millions of rupees.

This is a much more common cause of single vehicle fatalities than is generally

thought. The high profile multiple vehicle accidents--including large "eighteen

wheelers," capture the headlines. One very effective prevention to this needless

carnage, is the installation of so-called, "SPEED SENSOR" along the roadway

edge.

SPEED SENSOR are deeply inserted in road, they transmit the maximum

speed limit signal by Radio frequency waves .uC compares signal from road speed

limit signal with actual speed signal of car ,If vehicle speed is more then speed limit

signal generated from sensor embedded in road,then initially alarm is given & then

automatic brake is applied. In all but the most impaired driver, the response is

imminent and Life Saving! The long dreamed of, "Smart Highway," has not only

been technically feasible for sometime, but its time may be now. To enlist the

vehicle's existing computer for the added tasks involved in vehicle/highway interface

management, will put great computing power at the disposal of the entire IVHS

structure. There are two approaches: one would have smart vehicles operating

autonomously, with minimal centralized control or supervision; the other approach

would be an integrated tightly-coupled vehicle/highway interface. This latter

approach is composed of three elements: the "smart" vehicle, the centralizedauthority or "network" and the communication between them. The resulting

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homogeneity would strengthen any and all functions taken on by such a system: it

would be an entity that is greater than the sum of its parts. Surplus computing power

would always be available, improving data access and distribution; and speed in

evaluation and decision making (e.g., expert systems).

The various communications methods that might be brought to bear on such a

system all have their individual strengths and weaknesses: there seems to be no

single technology that has it all. However, among the contenders, the RF-wave,

approach appears to have the greatest advantages.

By the time the intelligent vehicle highway system, IVHS, starts to show up in those

urban areas where it is most needed, the motoring public - both commercial and

private - will not only except it, they will, most likely, welcome it .

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CHAPTER: 2

Literature Survey

2.1: GSM TECNOLOGY

Basic idea:

In 1982 CEPT in Europe took an initiative to improve mobile networks that

could lead its way to a profitable market.13 counties in Europe in 1987 signed anagreement for cellular roaming. European telecommunication standard took the

responsibility of launching first GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) in

1989.

It was in 1990 when first GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication)

came into existence. However in 1991 Radiolinja from Finland officially launched first

GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) in the market. They were not alone

in the effort because building a GSM infrastructure requires huge finance initially.

Therefore they seek the cooperation of Ericcson. By the end of two years after its

operation GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) has million users in 48countries with almost 70 carriers.

What is GSM?

Global System for Mobile (GSM) is a second generation cellular standard developed

to cater voice services and data delivery using digital modulation.

GSM services:-

1. Tele-services2. Bearer or Data Services3. Supplementary services

Tele services:

Telecommunication services that enable voice communication

via mobile phones

- Offered services

- Mobile telephony

- Emergency calling

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Bearer services:

Include various data services for information transfer between GSM and

other networks like PSTN, ISDN etc at rates from 300 to 9600 bps

- Short Message Service (SMS)

- up to 160 character alphanumeric data transmission to/from the mobile

terminal

- Unified Messaging Services(UMS)

- Group 3 fax

- Voice mailbox

- Electronic mail

Supplementary services:

Call related services :

- Call Waiting- Notification of an incoming call while on the

handset

- Call Hold- Put a caller on hold to take another call

- Call Barring- All calls, outgoing calls, or incoming calls

- Call Forwarding- Calls can be sent to various numbers defined

by the user

- Multi Party Call Conferencing - Link multiple calls together

- CLIP Caller line identification presentation

- CLIR Caller line identification restriction

- CUG Closed user group

Network structure:

1) Mobile Station (MS)

Mobile Equipment (ME)Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)

2) Base Station Subsystem (BSS)

Base Transceiver Station (BTS)

Base Station Controller (BSC)

3) Network Switching Subsystem(NSS)

Mobile Switching Center (MSC)

Home Location Register (HLR)Visitor Location Register (VLR)

Authentication Center (AUC)

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Equipment Identity Register (EIR)

Security in GSM:

1. On air interface, GSM uses encryption and TMSI instead of IMSI.2. SIM is provided 4-8 digit PIN to validate the ownership of SIM3. 3 algorithms are specified :

A3 algorithm for authentication

A5 algorithm for encryption

A8 algorithm for key generation

Application of GSM in our Project:

M11 GSM Modem is the ideal solution for voice, data, SMS and fax

communication, thanks to its industrial standard interfaces and integrated SIM card

reader. This ultra compact, dual-band GSM Terminal can be powered by a wide

range of voltages. It is R&TTE, GCF and E-marking approved. M11 GSM Modem is

housed in a casing similar to many boxed modems, indeed it will replace such

devices in a great number of applications.

The Global System for Mobile Communications Service is the most widely

adopted, digital cellular technology in use today. GSM uses time and frequency

division techniques (TDMA and FDMA) to optimize the call carrying capacity of awireless network. GSM also provides a number of carefully standardized and broadly

supported capabilities such as Short Message Service (SMS), circuit switched data

(CSD) and General Packet Radio Services (GPRS). Used on the 900 MHz and 1800

MHz frequencies in Europe, Asia and Australia, and the MHz 1900 frequency in

America.

2.2: MICROCONTROLLER

In this project we are use 89s51 micro controller

8051 MICRO CONTROLLER (89s51)

INTRODUCTION:

89S51 microcontrollers is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit micro

computer with 8K bytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory

(PEROM). The device ismanufactured using Atmel high-density nonvolatile memory

technology and is compatible withthe industry-standard 89S51 microcontrollers. Theon-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a

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conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. Bycombining a versatile 8-bit CPU

with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel 89s51

Microcontroller is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly-flexibleand cost-effectivesolution to many embedded control applications.

FEATURES OF 89S51 MICROCONTROLLERS:

The 89s51 microcontrollers provides the following standard features: 8k bytes

of flash,256 bytes of ram, 32 i/o lines, three 16-bit timer/counters, a six-vector two-

level interruptarchitecture, a full-duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator, and clock

circuitry. In addition,the 89s51 Microcontroller is designed with Static Logic for

operation down to zero frequencyand supports two software selectable power savingmodes. The idle mode stops the CPU whileallowing the ram, timer/counters, serial

port, and interrupt system to continue functioning. The power-down mode saves the

RAM contents but freezes the oscillator, disabling all other chipfunctions until next

Reset.

PIN DIAGRAM:

Pin description

VCC

- Supply voltage.

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GND

- Ground.

Port0

Port 0 is an 8-bit open drain bi-directional I/O port. As an output port, each

pincan sink eight TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 0 pins, the pins can be

used ashigh impedance inputs. Port 0 can also be configured to be the multiplexed

low order address/data bus during accesses to external program and data memory.

Port1

Port 1 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull ups. The Port 1 outputbuffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 1 pins, they are

pulled high by the internal pull ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 1 pins

that

Port2

Port 2 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull ups. The Port 2 output

buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 2 pins, they are

pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 2 pins

thatare externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal

pull-ups.Port2 emits the high-order address byte during fetches from external

program memoryand during accesses to external data memory that uses 16-bit

addresses (MOVX @DPTR).

Port3

Port 3 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull ups. The Port 3 output

buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 3 pins, they are

pulled high by the internal pull ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 3 pins

thatare externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the pull-ups

.RST

Reset input. A high on this pin for two machine cycles while the oscillator

isrunning resets the device.

ALE/PROG

Address Latch Enable is an output pulse for latching the low byte of the

addressduring accesses to external memory. In normal operation, ALE is emitted at

a constantrate of 1/6 the oscillator frequency and may be used for external timing or

clocking purposes.

PSEN

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Program Store Enable is the read strobe to external program memory.

Whenthe 89s51 Microcontroller is executing code from external program memory,

PSEN isactivated twice each machine cycle, except that two PSEN activations areskipped duringeach access to external data memory.

EA/VPP

EA (External Access Enable) must be strapped to GND in order to enable

thedevice to fetch code from external program memory locations starting at 0000H

up toFFFFH.

XTAL1

Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clockoperatingcircuit.

XTAL2

Connected to the output of the inverting oscillator amplifier.

Timer0-and-Timer1

Timer 0 and Timer 1 in the 89S51 microcontrollers operate the same way

asTimer 0 and Timer 1 in the 89S51 microcontrollers. The type of operation is

selected by bit C/T2. Timer 2 has three operating modes: capture, auto-reload and

baud rategenerator.

SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS

A map of the on-chip memory area is called as Special Function Register

(SFR). Notethat not all of the addresses are occupied, and unoccupied addresses

may not be implemented onthe chip. Read accesses to these addresses will in

general return random data, and write accesseswill have an indeterminate effect.

Timer 2 Registers Control and status bits are contained in registers T2CON and

T2MOD for Timer 2. The register pair (RCAP2H, RCAP2L) is theCapture/Reloadregisters for Timer 2 in 16-bit capture mode or 16-bit auto-reload mode.Interrupt

registers the individual interrupt enable bits are in the IE register. Two priorities can

beset for each of the six interrupt sources in the IP register.

INTERRUPTS:

The 89S51 microcontrollers has a total of six interrupt vectors: two external

interrupts(INT0 and INT1), three timer interrupts (Timers 0, 1, and 2), and the serial

port interrupt. Eachof these interrupt sources can be individually enabled or disabledby setting or clearing a bit inSpecial Function Register IE. IE also contains a global

disable bit, EA, which disables allinterrupts at once.

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ARCHITECURE OF 89S51:

2.3: SENSORS:

2.3.1: TACTILE BUMP SENSOR CIRCUIT

Tactile Bump Sensors are great for collision detection, but the circuit itselfalso works fine for user buttons and switches as well

Tactile Bump Sensors are great for collision detection, but the circuit itselfalso works fine for user buttons and switches as well.

There are many designs possible for bump switches, often and goals of the robot

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itself. But the circuit remains the same. They usually implement a mechanical button

to short the circuit, pulling the signal line high or low. An example is the microswitch

with a lever attached to increase its range, as shown above. There are severalversions below, depending on how you plan to use the circuit and your available

switches. For the resistor use a very high value, such as 40kohms. depending on the

design

Tactile Bump Sensor Circuits

Voltage

goes high

with contact

Voltage

goes low

with contact

More efficient switch for 3 lead switches

(use for microswitches)

2.3.4: MQ-3 Semiconductor Sensor for Alcohol:

Sensitive material of MQ-3 gas sensor is SnO2, which with lower conductivity

in clean air. When the target alcohol gas exist, The sensors conductivity is more

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higher along with the gas concentration rising.Please use simple electrocircuit,

Convert change of conductivity to correspond output signal of gas concentration.

MQ-3 gas sensor has high sensitity to Alcohol, and has good resistance todisturb of gasoline, smoke and vapor. The sensor could be used to detect alcohol

with different concentration, it is with low cost and suitable for different application.

Characteristics

* Good sensitivity to alcohol gas

* Long life and low cost

* Simple drive circuit

Application

* Vehicel alcohol detector

* Portable alcohol detector

Structure and Configuration:

Structure and configuration of MQ-3 gas sensor is shown as Fig. 3, sensor

composed by micro AL2O3 ceramic tube, TinDioxide (SnO2) sensitive layer ,

measuring electrode and heater are fixed into a crust made by plastic and

stainless steelnet. The heater provides necessary work conditions for work of

sensitive components. The enveloped MQ-4 have 6 pin, 4of them are used to fetch

signals, and other 2 are used for providing heating current.

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2.3.3: IR SENSOR:

General Description

The IR Sensor-Single is a general purpose proximity sensor. Here

we use it for collision detection. The module consist of a IR emitter

and IR receiver pair. The high precision IR receiver always detects a

IR signal.

The module consists of 358 comparator IC. The output of sensor

is high whenever it IR frequency and low otherwise. The on-board

LED indicator helps user to check status of the sensor without using

any additional hardware.

The power consumption of this module is low. It gives a digital

output.

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2.4: Transmitter/ Receiver design:

SM TX 433 AM / ASK TRANSMITTER MODULE

The SM TX 433 is an AM / ASK transmitter module which can facilitate OEM

manufactures to design remote control application in shortest way. Low Power

Consumption and wide operating voltage makes the module ideal for battery

operated low power application. The SM TX 433 is small enough to fit in almost

any cabinet.

KEY FEATURES:

Frequency: 433.92 MHz

5 12V Single Supply Operational

OOK / ASK Data Format

Up to 9.6 kbps data rate

4 Pin compact size module

+ 5 dbm out put power ( 12V, Vcc )

SAW based architect

Vertical / Horizontal mount

Directly connect to microcontoller

Low Power Consumption suitable for battery operated devices

Direct plug and use

No external components required

High performance SAW based Architecture with a maximum range of100 feet

at 4800 bps data rate

Interface directly to Encoders and Microcontrollers with ease

Can be directly in your PCB

Right Angle Pin ( Flat Out ) is the standard in these modules

Can be used with Fixed Code and Rolling Code Encoders or direct withMicrocontrollers.

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PIN DIAGRAM :

PIN DIAGRAM TWS-434

The TWS-434 and RWS-434 are extremely small, and are excellent for

applications requiring short-range RF remote controls. The transmitter module is

only 1/3 the size of a standard postage stamp, and can easily be placed inside a

small plastic enclosure.

TWS-434: The transmitter output is up to 8mW at 433.92MHz with a range of

approximately 400 foot (open area) outdoors. Indoors, the range is approximately

200 foot, and will go through most walls.....

TWS-434

The TWS-434 transmitter accepts both linear and digital inputs, can operate

from 1.5 to 12 Volts-DC, and makes building a miniature hand-held RF transmitter

very easy. The TWS-434 is approximately the size of a standard postage stamp.

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APPLICATIONS :-

1. Remote Gate Opener2. Wireless DATA Link

3. Security Systems4. Home Automation5. Remote Sensors

CHARACTERISTICS

Supply Voltage- 5V-2V dc

Stand By Current- 2 uA

Out Put Power- - + 5 dbm

Max Data Rate- 9600 bps

Typical Distance- 500 mtrs with 45 cm wire antenna

SM RX 433 RECEIVER MODULE:

This is a SR series of radio frequency module which can facilitate the

OEM designers to design their applications in remote in the quickest way.

The circuit is designed with SMD components and the module size is small

enough to be able to be fitted inn many remote control applications. This

compact receiver module is very sensitive and heavy immune to other radio

interference. Wide operating voltage, low current makes this module ideal

for battery operated or miniature instrument design application. This

miniature module is specially designed for rigid application. It shows high

stability and reliability even at worst environment conditions. Direct plug

and use to the mother board makes the receiver for various design

FEATURES:-

1. Miniature Size

2. Wide Operating Range3. Low Power Consumption

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5. No Alignment Required

6. No External Components PIN Configuration and Size

7. Wide Range of Application8. Analogue and Digital Output

2.1: PIN DIAGRAM :

RWS-434 Pin Diagram

RWS-434: The receiver also operates at 433.92MHz, and has a sensitivity of 3uV.

The RWS-434 receiver operates from 4.5 to 5.5 volts-DC, and has both linear and

digital outputs.

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RWS-434 Pin Diagram

For maximum range, the recommended antenna should be approximately

35cm long. To convert from centimeters to inches -- multiply by 0.3937. For 35cm,

the length in inches will be approximately 35cm x 0.3937 = 13.7795 inches long. We

tested these modules using a 14", solid, 24 gauge hobby type wire, and reached a

range of over 400 foot. Your results may vary depending on your surroundings.

APPLICATION :

1. Automative Remote Entry System

2. Car / Bike Alarm System

3. Gate and Garage Openers

4. Electronic Door Locks

5. Burglar Alarm System

6. Remote Switching System

7. Short Range Data Reception

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CHAPTER :3

PROPOSED PROJECT WORK

3.1 SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM

Transmitter Side

24

Encoder IC

HT 12E

RF

transmitter

LED RED

LED Yellow

LED Green

Speed

Limit

Switch

Power Supply3v


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On vehicle Side

25

Microcontroller

89s51

Microcontroller

89s51

AlcoholSensor

Theft Sensor

Decoder IC

HT 12D

RF Receiver

Power

supply

Clock

Reset

Relay Driver IC

ULN 2803

Relay SPDT

12v DC

Motor 12v

DC

Reduction

Gear

LCD Display

16x2

RS 232 serial communication

GSM modemPower

Supply

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3.2: Explanation of block diagram:

Vehicle Speed control in variable Zone

In this Feature we can control the speed of vehicle in different type location ,

such as Flyover bridge , school area , collage campus , courts, highway , cities

internal area.

Horn control of vehicle :

In this feature we can control the unwanted horn Disturbances in horn

prohibited area like School , collage ,Court area, all type hospitals, kids nurserys,

Public libraries, Offices, public places .

Alcohol Control :

In this feature we can control all accidents of vehicle by happing because of

Drink and Drive When Driver Start the vehicle then the System check the alcohol

level of driver, if it sensed then the car engine not started that time. If its sensenothing then the system allows the to start engine.

Red Light Traffic control :

In this feature we can control the vehicle on traffic signal, when traffic signal is

red then the vehicle automatic stopped by this feature.

Automatic Collision notifications to control room

In this feature when unfortunately accident happen of vehicle the system of

this project send ( SMS) massages via GSM Modem to control room and one to

relative of the person. So instant we got the information of accident and help the

injured person.

Vehicle Security

In this feature if the vehicle was theft or stolen then theft sensor activated an

sent the theft massage to owner and police control room via gsm modem.

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3.3: FEATURES

Merits:

Current project can reduce large number of accidents.

It can save life of many people.

It can bring discipline to driving habit.

Demerits:

This project requires implementation across all accident prone zone & across all

vehicles. Which can be costly. But government can collect safety surcharge from all

vehicle owners , which can reduce cost of implementation of project.

Applications:

This project can be used for all types of vehicles such as car, tempo , truck, taxi,

rickshaw, City buses etc .

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CHAPTER: 4

CONCLUSION

This document gives the basic idea of the project DIGITAL ASSISTANCE FOR

SAFE DRIVING and the literature survey done in accordance to that.

The sensors used in this project is a revolutionary technology in the field of

travolution.The car supports features such as speed control in specific areas,collision

detection,prohibits drink and drive,honking in silent zones,robbery of car and

automatic brake system in traffic signal.The technology used behind this project is

GSM TECHNOLOGY. This project can bring a drastic change in travolution.

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CHAPTER: 5

REFERENCES

BOOKS:

1. B.Ram, Micro Electronics an electronic based approach,Tata McGraw-Hill,1998

2 . R.P.Jain, Digital Electronics programmable instruments system design

approach,1988.

REFERENCES:

http://www.eg3.com/WebID/elect/engineer/blank/resource/a-z.htm

http://www.electronics-tutorials.com/basics/ohms-law.htm

Ohms law tutorial

http://www.electronics-tutorials.com/basics/electron-theory.htm

Electron theory and atoms.

http://www.electronics-tutorials.com/basics/current.htm

http://www.electronics-tutorials.com/basics/voltage.htm

Voltage

http://www.electronics-tutorials.com/basics/resistance.htm

Resistance

http://www.electronics-tutorials.com/basics/resistor-color-code.htm

http://www.electronics-tutorials.com/basics/attenuators.htm

Attenuators: design and principles

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http://www.electronics-tutorials.com/basics/decibel.htm

decibels

http://www.electronics-tutorials.com/basics/reactance.htm

capacitive reactance

http://www.electronics-tutorials.com/basics/capacitance.htm

3. www.redcircuits.com

4. www.alldatasheet.com

5 .www.elctronicsforu.com

digital assistance for road driving

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