diapo_eolienne maélys tbpc 2.ppt

8/12/2019 diapo_eolienne malys TBPC 2.ppt

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Windenergy


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Introduction:

Wind turbine was built on the idea of the windmill. It is a tool to produce greenand clean electricity, based on the power of the wind.

There are three types of wind turbines:

-the ground wind turbines which is approximately 100m high.-the offshore wind turbines (sea wind turbines). They are approximately 75 mof high.-and the domestic wind turbines (wind turbines at home). They areapproximately 35m of high.

A wind turbine consists in a mast which maintains a propeller, usually made ofthree pales, measuring between 5 and 90 meters of diameter, in height,depending on the type of wind turbine.

Offshore windturbines

Ground wind turbines

Domestic wind turbines


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Functioning of a windturbine :

A wind turbine produces some electricity thanks to the strength of thewind. All wind turbines work in a similar way. With the strength of the

wind, the so-called propeller rotor starts up, and begins turning. Therotor is situated at the top of the mast because winds blow more inheight. The propeller pulls an axis in the nacelle, called tree,connected with an alternator.

Thanks to the energy supplied by the rotation of the axis, thealternator produces an alternative electric current. A transformersituated inside the mast raises the electric current tension producedby the alternator so that it can be more easily transported in lines

with average tension of the network.

To be able to start, wind turbine needs a minimal wind speed:approximately 10 to 15 kilometers per hour. For reason of safety,when the wind exceeds 90 kilometers per hour, wind turbine stops.

The maximum speed is of 50 kilometers per hour.


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Wind turbines in the world and inReunion Island :

In the world, in 2007, we counted approximately 50'000 wind turbines, with

nearly 600 in France. We can find wind turbines in fields, exposed to windyplaces. And even at sea, there are wind farms. In France we find themespecially in the North, in the Northwest and in the South.

In Reunion, we count approximately 84 wind turbines; the biggest farm issituated in "Ste Suzanne" with 37 wind turbines, the other park in "Ste Rose"with 23 wind turbines. There is also a park under construction situated nearthe "east river" which will contain approximately 15 machines.

In 2007, the company in charge of these farmss obtained the planningpermission for a new park which will be located in "Ste Marie" on which willbe built 9 new wind turbines. All the wind turbines in Reunion are groundwind turbines.

Wind turbines farm of Sainte Suzanne


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Specificity of wind turbines in cyclonicenvironment

The specificity of the wind turbines located in cyclonic area, such as

La Runion, is that they are guyed with cables and metallic wires. Soin case of a cyclon, we lay them down and so they are not broken bythe devastating force of the cyclon. It is also easier to fix them in thiscase, when they need repairs, because they are laid down at groundlevel. It is thus less expensive to care and maintain.


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Students of the project visited the wind farmof Sainte Suzanne March 4, 2014


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Wind farm of St. Suzanne

The company owning the wind farm in Reunion island is calledArowatts.There are approximately 1.6 million turnoverThere are 37 wind turbines located on 40 000m of land andonly 4 Hectars are used.Wind turbines are positioned according to the strength anddirection of winds.There are 450 m distance between wind turbines and the firsthabitations for they can be noisy.Wind turbines installed in Sainte Suzanne are 55 m high and 32m in diameter.

They support up to 90 km / h wind speed, and as we can seefrom the photo, the installed cables are used to sleep when thewind storm.A wind turbine St. Suzanne produces kwtt 275 / h, all windfarm producing 10,175 megawatts which can power 16,000homes (more than half of the town of Sainte Suzanne)


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Advantages and inconvenients:

At the moment, wind turbines present no danger. Some have been in activity foralmost 20 years and accidents are rare (a wind turbine can exceptionally fall down).The main advantage of wind energy, it does not pollute, it replaces the means of

electric production which pollute. Wind turbines do not reject gas, nor dangeroussubstances for the environment and health. They thus pollute less.

But there is a price for "non-pollution" :

-The cost of manufacturing and installing a ground wind turbine is about 1'000 eurosby kilowatt, that is 1 million euros the megawatt.-Offshore wind turbines are 2 to 4 times more expensive because there are moretechnical difficulties for wind turbines at sea.

-Domestic wind turbines cost between 10 000

and 90 000

, which can be reallyexpensive for individuals looking for green electricity.

A field of wind turbines


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Conclusion:

To conclude, wind energy is a clean way to produce electricity, but withhigh costs which needs to be compared to the electricity needs, to besure it is profitable. Some people dislike wind turbine, saying that it

disfigures the landscape. I personally think that it is important to havegreen electricity, such as solar panels and wind turbines, and I think thatwind turbine is quite beautiful, although a little too noisy to live nearby..


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Visiting Sainte Suzanne

wind farm in 4, March 2014

diapo_eolienne maélys tbpc 2.ppt

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