dialect paperwork 3242015
DESCRIPTION
Dialect Paperwork 3242015TRANSCRIPT
ACCENTS VS. DIALECTS ac∙cent noun a̍k s̩ent/ A distinctive mode of pronunciation of a language, especially one associated with a particular nation, locality, or social class. i.e.He speaks in a french accent. di∙a∙lect d̍īә l̩ekt/ noun A particular form of a language that is peculiar to a specific region or social group. i.e.They speak in a southern dialect of french. America has eight regional dialects. Among those there are over 30 subdialects. You will be dealing with a General American Dialect. This is a pattern of speech adopted by most American News Anchors for clarity. VOCAL ANATOMY The human voice is a very well tuned instrument. We don’t think think about it but there are steps to creating the sounds we have.
The human voice produces sounds in the following manner:
1. Air pressure from the lungs creates a steady flow
of air through the trachea (windpipe), larynx
(voice box) and pharynx (back of the throat).
2. The vocal folds in the larynx vibrate, creating
fluctuations in air pressure that are known as
sound waves.
3. The vocal tract modifies these waves according
to the position and shape of the lips, jaw, tongue,
soft palate, and other speech organs.
4. Mouth and nose openings radiate the sound
waves into the environment.
THE VOICE BOX
The larynx or voice box is a cylindrical framework of
cartilage that serves to anchor the vocal folds. When the
muscles of the vocal folds contract, the airflow from the
lungs is impeded until the vocal folds are forced apart
again by the increasing air pressure from the lungs. This
process continues in a periodic cycle that is felt as a
vibration (buzzing).
*Fun Fact: When you breath, your voice box remains
open. It’s only when you engage the muscle for speech
that they constrict.
PLACE OF ARTICULATION The place of articulation is the point of contact where an obstruction occurs in the vocal tract
between an articulatory gesture, an active articulator (typically some part of the tongue), and a passive location (typically some part of the roof of the mouth). This gives words their distinctive sound. Places of articulation (passive & active): 1. Exolabial 2. Endolabial 3. Dental 4. Alveolar 5. Postalveolar 6. Prepalatal 7. Palatal 8. Velar 9. Uvular 10. Pharyngeal 11. Glottal 12. Epiglottal 13. Radical 14. Posterodorsal 15. Anterodorsal 16. Laminal 17. Apical 18. Subapical
PASSIVE
The passive place of articulation is the place on the more
stationary part of the vocal tract where the articulation
occurs. It can be anywhere from the lips, upper teeth, gums,
or roof of the mouth to the back of the throat.
● The upper lip (labial)
● The upper teeth, either on the edge of the teeth or inner surface (dental)
● The alveolar ridge, the gum line just behind the teeth (alveolar)
● The back of the alveolar ridge (postalveolar)
● The hard palate on the roof of the mouth (palatal)
● The soft palate further back on the roof of the mouth (velar)
● The uvula hanging down at the entrance to the throat (uvular)
● The throat itself, AKA the pharynx (pharyngeal)
● The epiglottis at the entrance to the windpipe, above the voice box (epiglottal)
ACTIVE
The active place of articulation involves the more mobile part of the vocal tract. This is typically some
part of the tongue or lips.
● The lower lip (labial)
● Various parts of the front of the tongue (coronal):
● The tip of the tongue (apical)
● The upper front surface of the tongue just behind
the tip, called the blade of the tongue (laminal)
● The surface of the tongue under the tip
(subapical)
● The body of the tongue (dorsal)
● The base AKA root of the tongue in the throat (radical)
● The epiglottis, the flap at the base of the tongue (epiglottal)
● The aryepiglottic folds at the entrance to the larynx (also epiglottal)
● The glottis (laryngeal)
All the above comes together to make your voice.
IPA
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin alphabet. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association as a standardized representation of the sounds of oral language. This chart is a key to every sound in the general American Dialect. I will go over this with you in detail during our first session.
Notes & Questions: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________