devolopment of alternative energy in thailand-final

8/6/2019 Devolopment of Alternative Energy in Thailand-Final

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/devolopment-of-alternative-energy-in-thailand-final 1/76

Rangsan Sarochawikasit

Executive Director of Energy Research BureauDept. of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency

Email : [email protected]

“The Development of Renewable and Alternative in

Thailand ”

April 2011



Outline

• Energy Management in Thailand

• Renewable Energy Policy in Thailand

• Measures to Promote Renewable Energy

• Renewable Energy Development in Thailand

- Biofuel- Biogas & Biomass- Hydro Power- Solar Energy and Wind Power

- Hydrogen• Barriers and Difficulties

• Conclusion

2



3



44 44

National Energy Policy Council (NEPC)National Energy Policy Council (NEPC)

Permanent SecretaryPermanent Secretary

of Energyof Energy

Minister of EnergyMinister of EnergyCommittee on EnergyCommittee on Energy

Policy Administration (CEPA)Policy Administration (CEPA)

Energy ConservationEnergy Conservation

Promotion Fund CommitteePromotion Fund Committee

(ENCON Fund Committee)(ENCON Fund Committee)

EPPO serves as Secretariat to NEPCEPPO serves as Secretariat to NEPC

CEPA and ENCON Fund CommitteCEPA and ENCON Fund Committe

CabinetCabinet

EnergyEnergy

RegulatoryRegulatory

Commission (ERC)Commission (ERC)

Thailand’s Energy SectorThailand’s Energy Sector

ManagementManagement

44



Ministry of EnergyMinistry of Energy

(MoEN)(MoEN)

Office of the MinisterOffice of the Minister

Office of theOffice of the

Permanent SecretaryPermanent Secretary

Energy Policy andEnergy Policy and

Planning Office (EPPO)Planning Office (EPPO)

Dept. of Mineral FuelsDept. of Mineral Fuels

(DMF)(DMF)

Dept. of EnergyDept. of Energy

Business (DOEB)Business (DOEB)

Dept. of AlternativeDept. of Alternative

Energy DevelopmentEnergy Development

and Efficiency (DEDE)and Efficiency (DEDE)

With 1 State Enterprise and 2 autonomous publicWith 1 State Enterprise and 2 autonomous publiccompanies:companies:

1) Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand1) Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand(EGAT)(EGAT)

2) PTT PCL.2) PTT PCL.

3) Bangchak Petroleum PCL. (BCP)3) Bangchak Petroleum PCL. (BCP)

2 Public Organizations:2 Public Organizations:

• Energy Fund AdministrationEnergy Fund Administration

Institute (EFAI)Institute (EFAI)

• Energy Regulatory CommissionEnergy Regulatory Commission

(ERC)(ERC)

The Structure of Ministry of Energy(established since October 2002)

5



Import(1.6%)

EGAT(43.3%)

IPPs(45%)

Generation

(% share)

Transmission

Distribution

EGAT (100%)

PEA(67%)

MEA(31.3%)

Direct Customers(1.7%)

Users Users

Remarks: % Share of Energy as of Oct 2009

VSPPs(0.6%)

SPPs(9.5%)

Govt.

ERC

StateOwned

PrivateOwned

>90MW

10-90MW

<10MW

CapacitCapacit

yy

Thailand’s Electricity Industry StructureThailand’s Electricity Industry Structure

MEA = Metropolitant ElectricityAuthority

PEA = Provincial Electrcicity Authority

6



Commercial EnergyConsumption by fuel

Energy Useby sector

In 2009, Energy Expenses 47 billion USD (import 58%) Total Commercial Energy Use 1.656 million barrels (oil

equivalent) of per day

In 2009, Energy Expenses 47 billion USD (import 58%) Total Commercial Energy Use 1.656 million barrels (oil

equivalent) of per day

Thailand’s Energy Consumption inThailand’s Energy Consumption in

20092009



9

Thailand’s Fuel Mix for PowerGeneration

1963 19871963 1987

20102010

Installed capacity 32,683Installed capacity 32,683

MWMW

Ref. : EGAT , EPPORef. : EGAT , EPPO

As of March 2010As of March 2010



Types of Power Supply by VSPP



7.6%7.6%

Target 5,600 MWExisting 1,830 MWMinihydro/Wind/SolarBiomass/Biogas/MSW/Hydrogen

Target 7,433 ktoe

Existing 3,098 KtoeBiomass/Biogas

MSW/Solar

15.6%15.6%

2.4%2.4%

EthanolTarget 9.0 MLPDExisting 1.25 MLPD

Bio-diesel

Target 4.5 MLPDExisting 1.67 MLPDHydrogen

Target 0.1 Million kg

4.1%4.1%

PowerPower

HeatHeat

BioBio

FuelFuel

20.3%20.3%7.0%7.0%

R&DR&D

Adder costAdder cost

ESCO FundESCO Fund

M e a

s u r e s

M e a

s u r

e sCDCD

MM

NGVNGVTarget 690 mmscfd(6,090 ktoe)

Existing 194 mmscfd

6.2%6.2%

19.1%19.1%

20112011 2022202220092009 20162016

Oil Replacing of 4,670 ktoe

Currency Saving 2.1 BillionUSDGHG Reduction 14.4 milliontons Target 19,800 ktoe

Currency Saving 10.2 BillionUSD

GHG reduction 42 MillionTons

As per 2009 oil average price of As per 2009 oil average price of 6161..31 USD/barrel31 USD/barrel As of March 2010As of March 2010

Alternative Energy Development Plan2008-2022

BOI,BOI,Revolving FundRevolving Fund

Cabinet Resolution onCabinet Resolution on

28 Jan 200928 Jan 2009



Carboncreditsale

13

Measures for RE Promotion7 Supporting Mechanisms:

RE-Electricity Generating

(5 from MoEN ;

1 from Board of Investmentand 1 from TGO )

Private

Investor

Private

Investor

CD

M

Electricity

authorities

Electricity

authoritiesConsumer

Promotion requesting

Supportfromthe

Ministry of

Energy

• Renewable energy maps• Info from demonstrationsite• One-Stop Service

Renewable energypotential info• Investment Grant, i.e.biogas, solar hot water, andMSW (i.e.100% 2009, 50%2010 , 25% 2011 for MSW )

• “Energy Soft Loan”

Revolving funds for RE and

energy conservationProjects• ESCO Venture CapitalFund

• “Adder” : Feed-inPremiums Policy

DEDE

DEDE&

EPPO

DEDE

EPPO

DEDE

2222

3333

4444

5555

6666

Banks

Toraisea loan

Capitalrequesting

Registration for intentexpressionas per thetimespecified

AdderAdder

ONEPEIA

ERC LocalAdmin

Offices givinglicenses

Negotiationfor electricityselling &buying

- Firm- Non Firm

Licenses

Technicalsupport

BOI-

InvestmentIncentives

1111

7

ppor ng c emes



uppor ng c emesIncentives

14

Soft Loans Revolving Fund – 7,000 MTHB (US $ 210 Mill.) (2003 to present) allocated

from Gov’s ENCON FUND & 90%subscribed;

– 2-Stepped Loan mix w/ Bank’s Money (approx. 1:1);

– Max. Fix 4% p.a. interest rate;

– 7 yr. loan period

– Draw a creation of larger lending program by Banks (negotiable rate)

Revolving

Fund7,000

MB

0.5%

PrivateInvestors

<4 .0%

Mix byBank

7,000 MBCom.Banks

7,000 MB

Bank’sOwn

Lending70,000 MB

Nego.



uIncentives

15

Gov Co-Investing Scheme ESCO Fund – 500 +500 MTHB allocated from Gov’s ENCON FUND

– 2 Fund Managers assigned & given 3 years window of investment

– 7-10 years of investment with mutual agreed exit clause

– Max 20% equity holding

– As of 2009, 29 projects invested (400 MTHB)

• E for E

• ECFTC



LoA Projects No. of Projects

Biogas 72

Biomass 18Landfill 8EE 11N2O 1

Bio-fertilizer 1Solar 2

Hydro 5

BOI and CDM

• LoA Issued 118 Projects (7.38 million tons CO2e

/year)

• Registered 37 Projects (2.14 million tons CO2e

/year)

• Verified 2 Projects (0.81 million tons CO2e

/year)

Biogas

61%

Landfill

7%

Biomass

15%

EE9%

N2O

1%

Bio-fertilizer

1% Solar

2%

Hydro

4%

CD

M(MONRE

)

Tax Incentives (Board of Investment – BoI ))

RE & EE top priority listRE & EE top priority list

Max. Privileges 8 yrs Income Tax HolidayMax. Privileges 8 yrs Income Tax Holiday+ extra 5 y. (9+ extra 5 y. (9thth -13-13thth yr) 50% taxyr) 50% tax

reductionreduction

BOI(Min. of Industry)



Fuel Adder(B/kWh)

VSPP SPP

Adder-VSPP(USD Cents /

kWh)**

Specialadder *(B/kWh)

Supportingperiod(Year)

Biomass- Installed capacity <= 1 MW- Installed capacity > 1 MW

0.500.30

Bidding 1.540.93

1.001.00

77

Biogas (all categories of production sources)- Installed capacity <= 1 MW- Installed capacity > 1 MW

0.500.30

Bidding 1.540.93

1.001.00

77

Waste (community waste, not

hazardous industrial waste, andinorganic waste)- AD &b LFG- Thermal Process

2.503.50

2.503.50

7.7210.81

1.001.00

77

Wind power- Installed capacity <= 50 kW- Installed capacity > 50 kW

4.503.50 3.50

13.8910.81

1.501.50

1010

Mini and micro hydropower- capacity 50-200 kW- capacity < 50 kW

0.801.50

-No- 2.474.63

1.001.00

77

Solar power** 6.50 6.50 20.08 1.50 10

- Premiums

* Note : Special Adders for- Facilities in 3 Southern Provinces- Diesel-Gen. replacement on PEA

system

** 1 USD=32.375 Baht

**Feed-in Tariff revised byNational Energy Policy Council on 28th

June 201018



1.Market incentive

Exemption of excise tax for ethanol

Lowered retailed price of Gasohol than Gasoline

(price at 7 Feb. 2011) Gasohol Gasoline 95Gasoline 95

E10 (฿/lt) 35.44 45.54E20 (฿/lt) 32.04 E85 (฿/lt) 20.92

2. Promote E85 and FFVs (Flexible Fuel

Vehicles)Reduction of

– Excise Tax = 25% to 35% (>1800 to 2500 C.C.)

Measures For Ethanol

19



21



For Process Heating For Biofuel

Potential 320 MW

Existing 6.5 MW

Potential 2-7 m/s

Existing 5.6 MW

Potential 190 MW

Existing 66 MW

Potential 18MJ/m2/day

Existing 32 MW

Potential 4,400 MW

Existing 1,648 MW

Potential 700 MW

Existing 56 MW

Biomass

Wind

Biogas

HydroSolar

MSW

For Electricity Generation

Potential 7,400ktoe

Existing 3,130ktoe

BiomassPotential 154ktoe

Existing 2.14ktoe

Solar Potential 3.0 MLPD

Existing 1.23 MLPD

Ethanol

Biodiesel Potential 4.2 MLPD

Existing 1.72 MLPD

Potential 600 ktoe

Existing 311 ktoe Biogas MSW

Potential 78 ktoe

Existing 1.1ktoe

* Volume of Raw material (Production – Domestic

- Urban area- Solar Home- His Majestic project- 0.1% of install area

- Mini Hydro andMicro Hydro

- Wind farm in Southernof Thailand

Biogas from livestock farm and agro, palmIndustry

- Sugarcane Industry,palm ,etc.- Biomass Power plant- Community power plant

- Bangkok ~ 9,000 tons/day- Municipality >100 tons/day

-Hot water(hospital,Hotel)-Drying

- Industrial Wastewater

(starch, food,beverage, palm,rubber a er Bio-

- Industrial: sugarcane,palm, paper)

- community (high-eff.stove)

- Molasses, tapioca,sugarcane juice

cellulose

- Palm oil, Jatropha, usedcooking oil

- Municipality

<100 tons/day

Renewable Energy Potential & Existing

201022

http://images.google.co.th/imgres?imgurl=http://www.gen.cam.ac.uk/dept/images/mayesphoto1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.gen.cam.ac.uk/dept/images/mayesphoto1.html&h=413&w=413&sz=59&tbnid=c-X4m6ZYVo4J:&tbnh=120&tbnw=120&start=7&prev=/images?q=palm+oil&hl=th&lr=&ie=UTF-8&sa=N



23



24

Hydro PowerHydro Power

แม่กืม

แม่



Hydro Power

“Small Hydro Power Plant

in Thailand”

Total 22 Projects

Installed Cap. 43,318 kW

N o r t h 1

5 P r o j

e c t s

East 1 Project

South4

Projects

แม่หาด

แม่สะงา

แม่ฮอ่งสอนแม่สะเรียง

บอแก้ว

ห้วยแม่สอดห้วยยะ โม่

แมกมหลวงห้วยน าข ่น

ห้วยแม่ผง

ก ิวลมน าขะ

มึน

แมสาบ

แม่ตนืห้วยประทาว

ล าพระเพลิง

คิรีธาร

คลองล าปลอก

คลองดสน

ไอกาเปาะ

แม่มาว

ห้วยล าสินธุ

N-East2 Projects

25

Mae Khum Luang Hydro Power Plant;



PowerPower

PlantPlant

DamDam


Mae Hong Son

26




•Installed Capacity 3,200 kWCommissioning dated: 14 December1981

Mae Khum LuangDam


Mae Hong Son

27

Mae SariengMae Sarieng Hydro Power Plant MaeHydro Power Plant Mae



PowerPower

PlantPlant

DamDam

Installed Cap. 1,250 kW

Commissioning dated:16 June

Mae SariengMae Sarieng Hydro Power Plant MaeHydro Power Plant Mae

Hong SonHong Son



2929

Hui Kwae Micro Hydro PowerPlant

Doi Saket, Chieng Mai Province

Installed cap. 20 kWCommissioning dated: 1 Apr.

2003

Investment cost: US $4300 perkW

Mae Com Pong 3 Micro

Hydro Power PlantMae Onn, Chieng Mai ProvinceMae Onn, Chieng Mai Province

Catchment areaCatchment area 23.5 km2

Installed cap.Installed cap. 40kW

SuppliedSupplied power topower to 249

householdsCommissioning dated:Commissioning dated: 1 Feb.

Micro Hydro Power PlantMicro Hydro Power Plant

29

Micro Hydro Power Plant:Micro Hydro Power Plant: ConstructionConstruction



Micro Hydro Power Plant:Micro Hydro Power Plant: ConstructionConstruction

WorksWorks

30

Based on public participation concept

Micro Hydro Power Plant:Micro Hydro Power Plant:



Micro Hydro Power Plant:Micro Hydro Power Plant:

Installation WorksInstallation Works

31



32

Solar Energy & Wind PowerSolar Energy & Wind Power

http://chicagoregen.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/solar_panel.jpg



Solar irradiation map



Average solar irradiance

18.2 MJ/m2-d

(5.05 kWh/m2-day)

Maximum solar irradiance

20-24 MJ/m2-d

using satellite images andground stationmeasurement

Solar irradiation map

Solar irradiationSolar irradiation

Solar direct irradiation map



Average direct normalirradiance 11.9 MJ/m2-d

(3.3 kWh/m2-day)

Maximum solarirradiance 14-15 MJ/m2-d

Solar direct irradiation map

O id PV tO id PV t



470 kW system

600,000 kWh/yr

electricity starting date October2004

DepartmentDepartment

storestore

On grid PV systemOn grid PV system

36

Off id PV tOff id PV t

http://www.tescolotus.net/default.asp



Capable of charging up to 20batteries

at the same time

3 kW system for30-50 households

Battery chargingBattery chargingstationstation

Off grid PV systemOff grid PV system

Battery charging station

37

Off id PV tOff id PV t




Solar Home System

120 – 150 W system

38

Off id PV tOff grid PV system



Solar cell of schools and

health clinics in remotearea

2.5-5 kW system


39




Solar water pumping system

(1000 W)


40

Solar Dryer for AgriculturalSolar Dryer for Agricultural



y gy gProductsProducts

Solar Tunnel DryerSuits for drying fruits i.e. banana,

mango, jackfruit etc.Drying Temp: 40-70 CCap. 50-70 Kg.

Solar Greenhouse DryerSuits for drying spices i.e. chili,bergamot leaf Drying Temp: 40-70 CCap. 250-300 Kg.

Roof-integrated solar dryerSuits for drying spices and herbsi.e. roselle fower, saffowerDrying Temp: 40-70 CCap. 200-300 Kg.

41

Wi d E



42

Wind EnergyCurrently, Wind Power = 5.5.6161 MWTargeted in Year 2022 800800 MW

Wind Potential Map



Wind Potential Map

Thailand Wind

Mast

wind map 2010wind map 2010

Wind station at 40 m heightWind station at 40 m height

Wind station at 90 m heightWind station at 90 m height

TotallyTotally - 45 wind stations at 40 m height- 45 wind stations at 40 m height

- 23 wind stations at 90 m height- 23 wind stations at 90 m height

43



Wi d E D t ti P j t



Wind Energy Demonstration Project

250 kW WTG from India 1,500 kW WTG from China

45





Wind farm 5 kW X 5 sets (5 size of blade and 5 type of tower)Made in

Thailand46



47

Biomass Energy Development Plan2008 2022



2008-2022Existing

Electricity = 1,648MW Thermal uses = 3,130 ktoe

BiomassBiomass

2010

1,780

3,320

2011

2,800

3,660

2016

3,220

5,000

2022

3,360

6,700

2009

1,644

3,130

Year

Plan (MW)

(ktoe)

Biomass Utilization in Palm



industry

I n c r e a s

e b i

o m a s

s u s e s

I n c r e a s

e b i

o m a s

s u s e s

e f f i c

i e n c y

:

e f f i c

i e n c y

:

C o - g e n

e r a t i o

n

C o - g e n

e r a t i o

n

o

mmun y omassUtili ti



Double throat Down Draft Gasifier: 320

kWth

Fuel Charcoal Corn cob

Fuel

Consumption(kg/h)

13.75-28.75 47.5-100

ThermalEfficiency (%)

75.27-95.19 70.57-89.86

Application Generate 60-80o

C hot water

Bunker oil

Replacement

(litre/h)

130

Investmentcost

US $ 50,000

yUtilization

Gasification for Small Industry: Khao Kor AgriculturalIndustry

50

Biomass Utilization in Households



Reducing air pollutantsi.e. CO, NOx,

Particulates, etc..

Biomass Utilization in Households

Increase efficiency of Increase efficiency of

cooking stoves fromcooking stoves from

avg. 15% to 22%avg. 15% to 22%

Eff. CharcoalEff. Charcoal

maker 200maker 200

ltslts

G e n d

e r I s s u

e s

Way Forward of Biomass



52

Cane juice

BagassesLeaves

Molasses

Filtered cake

Sugar

Alcohol

Fertilizer

Alcohol

Heat/Electricity

Particle board, paper

Fertilizer

Lactic acids, bioplasticprocessed food,animal feeds animaland cosmetic products

Acetic acid, Whisky,ethyl acetate acid,gasohol, biochemicalproducts

sugarcane is highly

efficient converter of solar energy

1 ton of sugarcanee uivalent to 1 barrel of cru

1 lt EtOH = 14.3 kg. sugarcane= 4.0 kg. molasses

Z e r o Z e r o

w a s t e w a s t e

Utilization

M a x i m i z

e d

B e n e f i t :

B i o - r e f i n e

r y

C o n c e p t

M a x i m i z

e d

B e n e f i t :

B i o - r e f i n e

r y

C o n c e p t

Biogas Energy

ElectricityElectricity from Biogas = 7070



53

Heat/FueHeat/Fuel from Biogas = 188188ktoeTargeted in year 2022 = 600600ktoe

Biogas Energy

As of :Jan2010

MW

Targeted in Year 2022 = 120120

MW

Biogas from Wastewater



g

High Rate Anaerobic Lagoon (HRAL); Starchfactory Wastewater 5,000 m3 /day, biogas 20,000

m3 /day

Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB); Paper

factory, Wastewater 7,000 m3

/day, biogas 3,400m3 /day

Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB); Citric acid

factory, Wastewater 600 m3 /day, biogas 3,200 m3 /day

Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB); Starch

factory, Wastewater 4,000 m3 /day, biogas 14,790

m3 /day

5454

Waste and Manure to EnergyWaste and Manure to Energy



5555

Chicken manure to Biogas

Number of chicken: 6,000

Vol. of Waste water: 10 cu.m.

Cap. of system: 70 cu.m.Biogas production: 30 cu.m./d

Electricity cost saving: 30%

Investment subsidy by MoEN(50%)

Total investment cost : US$ 6,000

Waste and Manure to EnergyWaste and Manure to Energy

55

Way Forward of Biogas Utilization



Way Forward of Biogas Utilization

Solid waste management in ThaialndSolid waste management in Thaialnd



Solid waste management in Thaialndg

BKK BKK (8,(8,530530 tpdtpd))

MunicipalitiesMunicipalities& Pataya& Pataya

(1(133,,600600 tpdtpd))

Non UrbanNon Urban(18,(18,200 tpd200 tpd))

Incineration

Opened Dump& Burned 94% Transfer to others 6%

Sanitary Landfill

65%3%32%

Organic Compost(Commission 2005)

87%13%

Total amount solid waste 40,330 tpd in 2007

Waste to energy Project



Small Biogas Digester

- 2.5 m2.5 m33 biogas digester biogas digester

- Capacity: 40 kg/dayCapacity: 40 kg/day

- biogas production: 2.5 mbiogas production: 2.5 m33/day/day

- 540 digesters installed in540 digesters installed in

schools, army agencies,schools, army agencies,

communities, hospitalscommunities, hospitals

5858

Waste to Energy ProjectWaste to Energy Project



MSW Biogas System in municipalities

- Capacity: 15 ton organic

solid waste/day

- 2 stage biogas digester (acid

tank and Anaerobic Baffledreactor, ABR)

- Maximum production:

biogas 480 m3/day

- Biogas uses:

slaughterhouses, nearby

households, market.

- Investment cost: $ 200,000

Waste to Energy Projectas e o e gy ojec

59

Waste to Energy Technology AssessmentWaste to Energy Technology Assessment



gy gygy gy

Ethanol Development



Ethanol Demand(ML/day)**

1.24 1.34 2.11 2.96 6.2 9.0

Ethanol MarketSustainable ethanol production

R&D and promote ethanol logistic , ethanol depot for export

EthanolProduction

Promote ethanol production from molasses and cassava

Promote ethanol production from sugar cane

Promote by-product utilization from ethanol production ex. Acetic acid

Feed Stock

R&D yield of cassava 3.5 to 4.5 ton/rai/yr in 2012

R&D yield of sugarcane 11.8 to 15 ton/rai/yr in 2012

Sustainable feed stock for ethanol production

R&D

R&D 2nd generation of ethanol production (Cellulosic) Promote 2nd generation of ethanolproduction

value added ex. sawage

study E85

51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 6551 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 6551 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 6551 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 6551 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 6508 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

E20

E85

,promoteFFV

Gasohol E10nationwide

390,000FFVs

1,070,000FFVs2,000 FFVs

Budget(M฿)

- 28 60 30 160 280

Ethanol Development

Bioethanol Development Plan 2008 - 2022

61

Raw Material Potential



Ethanol Production



Existing Ethanol PlantsExisting Ethanol Plants

9 Molasses/Sugarcane9 Molasses/Sugarcane

4 Cassava4 Cassava

66 Molasses/Sugarcane/CassaMolasses/Sugarcane/Cassa

vava

Material Operated

(Nov. 10)Plant Total cap.

(Ml/day)

1 Molasses/Sugarcane 9 1.30

2 Cassava 4 0.63

3 Molasses/Sugarcane/

Cassava

6 1.00

Total 19 2.93

CurrentlyCurrently ((Nov.Nov. 10)10) 19 existing plants total installed19 existing plants total installed

cap. 2.93 Ml/daycap. 2.93 Ml/day - MolassesMolasses//SugarcaneSugarcane 99 PlantsPlants Cap. 1.30 Ml/dCap. 1.30 Ml/d

- CassavaCassava 44 Plants Cap. 0.63 Ml/dPlants Cap. 0.63 Ml/d-- MolassesMolasses//Sugarcane/Sugarcane/CassavaCassava 66 PlantsPlants Cap.Cap. 1.001.00 Ml/dayMl/day

InIn 20112011

55 new ethanol producers, total installednew ethanol producers, total installed

capacity 1.82capacity 1.82 Ml/dayMl/day

Total installed capacity 4.75Total installed capacity 4.75 million liters/day in 2011million liters/day in 2011

a o oduc o

64

Gasohol service stations & Volumesale



Gasahol UsageGasahol Usage Total GSH95, GSH91, E20 and E85 UsageTotal GSH95, GSH91, E20 and E85 Usage 12.3012.30

MLPDMLPD

(Nov. 10)(Nov. 10)

Total stock of ethanolTotal stock of ethanol 64.7864.78 ML. (Aug. 10)ML. (Aug. 10)

@ Oil companies@ Oil companies 36.0136.01 ML @ Ethanol producerML @ Ethanol producer

28.7728.77 MLML

Total GSH Service stationTotal GSH Service station 4,3334,333 stations,stations, 1212 oiloil

companiescompanies

OilCompanies

TotalServiceStations

GSH Service Stations

Sep. 10 Dec. 07 Dec. 08 Dec. 09

Ptt. 1,149

1,185 1,139 1,135

Bangchak 891

756 852 868

Shell 590

548 578 590

ESSO 553

513 550 553

Chevson 458 370 423 453IRPC oil 1 1 1 1Ptt. retail

145146 146 145

Petronas 101

98 117 116

SUSCO 137

106 143 145

Pak tai

239

35 144 212

Thai oil 2

- 2 2

Rayong Pure 67

64 71 67

Total4,333

3,822 4,166 4,287GSH Service StationsSep. 10

GSH E85 8

GSH E20 432

Ref. DOEB, Nov. 10

12.3012.30 MLPDMLPD

Total GSH+Gasoline

(ML/day)

21.28 100%

GSH 12.30 57.8%

Gasoline 8.98 42.2%

sale

6565

Biodiesel Development Plan2008 2022



B100Marketing

EnforcementEnforcement B2B2 EnforcementEnforcement B5B5

OptionalOptional B5B5 OptionalOptional B10B10

Sustainable B100 productionSustainable B100 production

B100Production

Biodiesel production from CPO and SterineBiodiesel production from CPO and Sterine

R&D productionR&D production // Community usageCommunity usage

Biodiesel standard developmentBiodiesel standard development

Feedstock Expanding Palm oil cultivation areas 2.5 million raiExpanding Palm oil cultivation areas 2.5 million rai

R&DR&D Yield of palm 2.8 to Yield of palm 2.8 to 3.2 ton3.2 ton//rairai//yryr

Sustainable CPO productionSustainable CPO production

R&D

R&D and promote value added of gycerlineR&D and promote value added of gycerline//small CPO extraction unitsmall CPO extraction unit

R&D BTL /R&D BTL / BHDBHD PromotePromote BTLBTL and/or BHD, seaweedand/or BHD, seaweed

R&D biodiesel production from seaweedR&D biodiesel production from seaweed R&D Alternative feed stock for biodiesel productionR&D Alternative feed stock for biodiesel production

ZERO waste of Jatropha for biodiesel productionZERO waste of Jatropha for biodiesel production

08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

B5 nationwide, B10 optionalResearch on Biodieselwith fish boat Engines

Budget(M฿)

DemandB100

(ML/day)

1.35 1.35 1.35 3.02 3.64 4.50

129.75 37.4 29.4 19.4 450 330

2008 – 2022

66




Biodiesel Production



ExistingExisting B100 plantsB100 plants

44 CPOCPO//RBDRBD

55 PalmPalm StearineStearine

5 CPO5 CPO//RBD/RBD/StearineStearine

Material

Permitted

Plant Total cap.

(Ml/day)

1 CPO/RBD PO 4 2.36

2 Palm Stearine 5 2.35

3 CPO/RBD PO /Palm

Stearine

5 1.30

Total 14 6.01

CurrentlyCurrently ((Dec.Dec. 10)10) 14 existing plants total installed cap. 6.01 Ml/day

-CPOCPO//RBDRBD 44 PlantsPlants Cap. 2.36 Ml/Cap. 2.36 Ml/

-PalmPalm StearineStearine 55 Plants Cap. 2.35 Ml/dayPlants Cap. 2.35 Ml/day

-- CPOCPO//RBD/RBD/PalmPalm StearineStearine 55 PlantsPlants Cap.Cap. 1.1.2200 Ml/dayMl/day

68

Biodiesel Volume Sale (Nov.10)



• B5 Volume Sale 19.04 ML/day (B100 0. 952 ML/day)

• Diesel (B3) Volume Sale 33.59 ML/day (B100 1.008 ML/day)

• Total volume of B100 1.960 ML/day

( )

69



HydrogenHydrogen

Hydrogen



y g

Comparison of Energy content in various fuels

Hydrogen Economy



HydrogenHydrogen

Value ChainValue Chain

Hydrogen and Fuel Cell R&D

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hydrogen.economy.sys_integration_circle.jpg



2548

2549

้ ้ชดุควบคมุมอเตอร์

เซลล์เชื ้อเพลิง

ชดุแบตเตอรี ่

มอเตอร์

ถังไฮโดรเจน

การจัดวางอุปกรณ์

ชดุควบคมุมอเตอร์





ชดุควบคมุมอเตอร์





การจัดวางอุปกรณ์

Study of Compositionin FC and Control

system

Auto rickshaws (Fuel cell)

Yield H2 > 40%

Cap. 33 L/Day

Cap. 50 L/Day

BipolarPlate

Membrane

Catalyst

Gas

diffusionmedia

DC-ACinverter

Coolingsystem andControlsystem

2550

2551

From NGBy Steamreformation

HydrogenHydrogen

ProductionProduction

Fuel Cell &Application

From BiogasBy Steam reformation

Yield H2 > 40%

Cap. 50 L/Day

HCNG Car

Mix H2 and NG

Ratio >15 %

fuel cell size 5 kW

Hydrogen Tank - Size 2

cu.m- Capacity of H2 280

g.

Fuel ConsumptionRate

8 g(H2)/km.

From BiomassBy Pyrolysis +

Gasifier

7373

Renewable DevelopmentRenewable DevelopmentBarriersBarriers



Barriers and difficulties

1. Need high investment;2. Lack of supports from financial institutes;

3. Fuel supply stability and management esp. bio-fuels;

4. Protest of biomass power plant development;

5. Unattractive of Adder cost;6. Inadequate capacity of transmission line and high

cost of grid connection;

7. Long process for getting power purchase concession;

8. Obstruction of Law and/or regulation.

Barriers

7474

Conclusion



• Need government supports to drive biomassutilization i.e.

o Policy direction or law;o Measures and tools.

• Avoid bottom necks of biomass developmenti.e. biomass supply,- access to grid network,- technology available, etc..

• Participation of community or public will be akey success factor.



Department of Alternative Energy Development andEfficiency (DEDE) Ministry of Energy

17 Rama 1 Road, Patumwan Bangkok 10330www.dede.go.th

Thank youThank you

“ “ We commit to the stability of We commit to the stability of

energy development”energy development”

devolopment of alternative energy in thailand-final

Documents