deviance and its types

7/29/2019 Deviance and its types

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Presented to:

Ms. ZUBIA SARFRAZ

Presented By:

SAJEEL ZAMAN

DANISH JAVED

BS (BA) II


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Deviance is any behavior that violates cultural norms.Deviance is often divided into two types of deviant activities.

The first, Crime is the violation of formally enacted laws and isreferred to asformal deviance.

The second type of deviant behavior refers to violations of

informal social norms, norms that have not been codified intolaw, and is referred to as informal deviance.


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Deviance is behavior that some people in society findoffensive and which excites, or would excite, if it werediscovered, disapproval, punishment, condemnation, orhostility. Deviance is behavior that is likely to get you intotrouble. Deviant behavior is outside the bounds of thegroup or society. (Goode, 1997)

Many times during a day we disagree with people, but we

don't usually label those we disagree with as deviant.Deviance is not simply behavior. It involves a moraljudgment. Deviance involves a judgment made bysomebody. Actually, any act can be defined as deviant (SeeHenslin, 1999)


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NORMS:

Norms are specific behavioral standards, ways in whichpeople are supposed to act. Norms are rules of conduct,not neutral or universal, but ever changing; shifting associety shifts.

VIOLATION OF NORMS:

Deviance can be described as a violation of thesenorms. Norms vary widely across cultures, behaviorwhich is polite or expected in one culture may beconsidered rude or inappropriate in another.

DEVIANCE AS A VIOLATION OF NORMS


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DEVIANCE AS REACTIVE CONSTRUCTION

Deviance can be observed by the negative socialreaction of others towards these phenomena. Criminalbehaviors, such as theft, can be deviant, but other

crimes attract little or no social reaction, and cannotbe considered deviant. (e.g., violating copyright laws.)

Deviance is relative to time and place because what isconsidered deviant in one social context may be non-

deviant in another. (e.g., fighting during a hockeygame vs. fighting in a nursing home).


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There are four types of deviance behavior stated below;

Falsely Accusing:

One is falsely accusing an individual, which fallsunder others perceiving you to be obtaining obedientor deviant behaviors.

Pure Deviance:

Which falls under perceiving one to participate indeviant and rule-breaking behavior, is also apart of thefour types of deviant behaviors listed above.


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Conforming:Which falls under not being perceived as deviant, butmerely participating in the social norms that aredistributed within societies, can also be placed into the

category with pure deviance and falsely accused.

Secret Deviance:

When the individual is not perceived as deviant orparticipating in any rule-breaking behaviors.


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THE NATURE OF DEVIANCE

Social Properties of Deviance:

Deviance is not a property inherent in certain forms of

behavior; it is a property conferred upon particularbehaviors by social definitions. Most societies canabsorb a good deal of deviance without seriousconsequences, but persistent and widespread deviance

can be dysfunctional. But deviance may also befunctional by promoting social solidarity, clarifyingnorms, strengthening group allegiances, and providinga catalyst for change.


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Social Control and Deviance:

Societies seek to ensure that their members conformto basic norms by means of social control. Three maintypes of social control processes operate within sociallife:

(1) Those that lead us to internalize our society's

normative expectations (internalization), (2) Those that structure our world of social experience,

(3) Those that employ various formal and informalsocial sanctions.


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In understanding deviance, it should be traced that,social reactions to particular acts, attributes or beliefs

can be positive or negative shows that is inherentlydeviant. Following are the main sociological classesdescribing deviant behaviors;


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1. Labeling Theory

2. Symbolic-Interactionist Theory

3. Differential Association Theory4. Neutralization Theory

5. Conflict Theory


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Labeling Theory:

Frank Tannenbaum and Howard S. Beckercreated

and developed Labeling theory. Becker said thatsocial groups create deviance by making the ruleswhose violation constitutes deviance. Labeling theorysuggests that deviance is caused by the deviant personbeing negatively labeled, internalizing the label, andacting according to the label.


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Symbolic-Interactionist Theory:

This theory, while very much a symbolic-interactionist theory, also has elements of conflict

theory as the dominant group has the power to decidewhat is deviant and acceptable, and enjoys the powerbehind the labeling process. Deviance comes from theindividual, who learns deviant behavior. The deviant

may grow up alongside other deviants or may learn togive excuses for deviance.


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Differential Association Theory:

In his Differential Association theory, EdwinSutherlandsays that criminals learn criminal and

deviant behaviors and that deviance is notinherently a part of a particular individual's nature.He also argues that criminal behavior is learned in

the same way that all other behaviors are learned.


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Neutralization Theory:

Gresham Sykes and David Matza's explainsneutralization theory.

There are five different types of rationalizations, whichare the denial of responsibility, the denial of injury, thedenial of the victim, the condemnation of thecondemners, and the appeal to higher loyalties.


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The denial of responsibilityis the argument that thedeviant was helplessly propelled into the deviance, and thatunder the same circumstances, any other person would resortto similar actions.

The denial of injuryis the argument that the deviantdid not hurt anyone, and thus the deviance is not morally

wrong, due to the fundamental belief that the action causedno harm to other individuals or to the society.

The denial of the victimis the argument that possibleindividuals on the receiving end of the deviance were notinjured, but rather experiences righteous force, due to the

victim's lack of virtue or morals.


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The condemnation of the condemnersis the actby which the deviant accuses authority figures or victims forhaving the tendency to be equally deviant, and as a result,hypocrites.

The appeal to higherloyaltiesis the belief that thereare loyalties and values that go beyond the confines of thelaw; friendships and traditions are more important to the

deviant than legal boundaries.


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CONFLICT THEORY:

Conflict theorists generally see deviance as a result ofconflict between individuals an Deviant behavior isactions that do not go along with the sociallyinstitutions as what cause deviance. The institution'sability to change norms, wealth or status comes intoconflict with the individual. Since it explains devianceas a reaction due to conflict between groups andindividuals due to scarce resources, it addresses the jobof explaining deviance by poor citizens.


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In order to minimize negative deviant behaviorwithin the workplace, organizations must adapt toa specific organizational culture. The ethical core

values that are shared by the entire organizationinclude both organizational values and norms.


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A second, less drastic approach to minimizenegative deviant workplace behaviors involves

grouping together all the generally accepted valuesand norms present within the workforce by themanagement team. By understanding the different

values held by different subcultures within the

company, management can then provide thedirection for employees belonging to a specificsubculture of the company.


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CONTT

Third way of preventing the likelihood of employeedeviant behavior is to conduct frequent backgroundchecks when hiring. It is imperative in an organization

to stop any type of behavior that would negativelyaffect it.


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CRIME Crime is the breach of rules or laws for which some

governing (such as legal systems) can ultimatelyprescribe a sureness.

Difference between Crime and Deviance:The difference between deviance and crime is thatcrime is a social deviance for which a law has been

passed to forbid it, and for the state to punishsomeone who breaks the prohibited. But someactions may be technically illegal yet acceptedamong the norms of the people.


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These activities are demonstrably more harmful botheconomically and socially than the muggings,burglaries and robberies of the powerless, many are not

only legal but morally acceptable. Monopolies, pricefixing and price gouging are all examples of corporatedeviance, which is seen as emerging from the singleminded pursuit of profit and economic power.These

practices redistribute wealth from the poor to the rich,as consumers must pay higher prices. Consumers arefurther deceived by misleading advertising and salesfrauds.


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CONTT

Political deviance, defined as the use of illegal andunethical means to gain, retain or enlarge politicalpower is demonstrated in case after case of bribery,

extortion and kickbacks.

We often experience different types of behaviors inchildren. Children tend to display various behavioralcharacters in different situations e.g they are in exited,sad or in deviant mood. First thing that should be keptin mind is Control. Parents being elder andexperienced should always display emotions of selfcontrol.


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In practical terms, social control is exercised throughsocial sanctions, which are an inherent part of socialnorms. There are two varieties;

Positive - Promote and encourage pronormativebehavior social actors, and

Negative - Impact on social actors in case of violation

of social norms and have the goal of educational andrepressive punitive impact on them.


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deviance and its types

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