development and challenges bioenergy in argentina

DEVELOPMENT AND CHALLENGES DEVELOPMENT AND CHALLENGES BIOENERGY IN ARGENTINABIOENERGY IN ARGENTINA

Semana de la CooperaciSemana de la Cooperacióón Cientn Cientíífico y Tecnolfico y Tecnolóógica entre gica entre Argentina y Alemania Argentina y Alemania

““TecnologTecnologíías sustentables apropiadas para la proteccias sustentables apropiadas para la proteccióón n climclimáática el aporte de la investigacitica el aporte de la investigacióón y el desarrollon y el desarrollo

is a public decentralized body subordinated to the is a public decentralized body subordinated to the Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and

Food with operative and financial autarchy.Food with operative and financial autarchy.

MISSION

““”To carry out and foster actions addressing the innovation of agricultural and livestock, agro-food and agro-industrial

sectors to contribute to the competitiveness of agro-industrial chains, environmental health and sustainability of productive systems, social equity and territorial development, through research, technological development and extension”.

(2005-2015 Institutional Strategic Plan)

NATIONAL STRUCTURE

• Central office B.A.

• 15 Regionales centers

• 47 Experimental stations

• 4 Research centers

• 13 Research institutes

• 240 Extension units

• 9 Innovation parks

• INTA gropu members:

• Foundation ArgenINTA

Private company INTEA S.A

7300 EMPLOYEES

http://www.inta.gov.arhttp://www.inta.gov.ar

Argentina production of grains grew 163% in 18 yea rs.Prospective studies forecast a production of 122 M /tn in 2015

No tillage growth in Argentina

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1987/1899 1999/2000 2002/2003 2004/2005 2006/2007

Year

Sur

face

mill

ions

hs

Planting area (ha) No till planting

24%

35% 59% 67% 72%

No till percentage

Soybean 85%

Sorghum 70%

Sunflower 53% Corn 76%

Wheat 62%

No till technolgy conservs energy water resources and carbon in the

soils

Each mm. of usefull water gained means:

18 a 24 kg/ha o corn

5 a 7 kg/ha of soybeans5 a 7 kg/ha of soybeans

8 a 12 kg/ha of wheat

AGRICULTURE PRODUCTIONAGRICULTURE PRODUCTION

Intensive application of technologyIntensive application of technology

Farmers knowledge shareFarmers knowledge share

History and experienceHistory and experience

Presition agriculturePresition agriculture

Since 1996 to2006 Argentina is responsable of 92 % of the Since 1996 to2006 Argentina is responsable of 92 % of the increment in vegetable oil world commerce, increasing increment in vegetable oil world commerce, increasing

exports in 3,21 millon tonesexports in 3,21 millon tones

PRESITION NUTRIENT MANAGEMENTPRESITION NUTRIENT MANAGEMENTPRESITION NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT

NN--SensorSensor

Green Seeker RT 200Green Seeker RT 200

Green Seeker Green Seeker manualmanual

Green Seeker RTGreen Seeker RT 200200

EXPOAGRO 2007

ExampleExample : New multicrop technology soybean into corn or : New multicrop technology soybean into corn or sunflower rowssunflower rows

Corns at 1,05 meters

Soy at 0,35 meters

Mature farm machinery Mature farm machinery technology in planterstechnology in planters

Research

and

Development

Development

of input

materials

Primary

production

Industry

and

coproducts

Internal market

Exports

National and international organizations

Public opinion press

Government

Construction of a newConstruction of a newConstruction of a newConstruction of a new

value chain value chain value chain value chain

Need to work in a network formNeed to work in a network form

ECONOMYCost freigh distances

ECOLOGYSensible ecosystms soil water and air conservation

SOCIAL ASPECTSworking conditionshealth and security

SusteinableSusteinableproductionproduction

OUR PARTICULAR VIEW OF BIOENERGYOUR PARTICULAR VIEW OF BIOENERGY

Land use in ArgentinaTotal surface 279 millon ha.

Forest Native (30M)Monte (60M)

Protected areas(1.5M)

Deforestation?(2 M)

Foodcrops(30M)

Pérdida deBiodiversidad?

Useless Land (55M)

MountainsDesertswetlands

ice

Monocultve or multile Crop rotations?Sustentabilidad?

Competence for wate ?

Pastures(100M)(8M)

Energy crops

Spatial study to define the potential of biofuels Spatial study to define the potential of biofuels productionproduction

�� Step IStep I

� Regional bioclimatic mapsWater requirements

Temperature and radiation

Fotoperiod

Chill resistance – high temperatures

High medium and low potential areas are defined

List of potential crops for biofuelsbiofuels

� Soil use capacity(Mapa INTA escala 1:500.000)

�� ( 1: 500.000 ) agroecological maps for each crop GIS( 1: 500.000 ) agroecological maps for each crop GIS( 1: 500.000 ) agroecological maps for each crop GIS( 1: 500.000 ) agroecological maps for each crop GIS( 1: 500.000 ) agroecological maps for each crop GIS( 1: 500.000 ) agroecological maps for each crop GIS( 1: 500.000 ) agroecological maps for each crop GIS( 1: 500.000 ) agroecological maps for each crop GIS

The logistics of transport and local production is The logistics of transport and local production is Central due to big distancesCentral due to big distances

No poibilitiesNo poibilities 60.000.00060.000.000hashas

Limit productionLimit production 41.500.00041.500.000hashas

Marginal productionMarginal production 44.000.00044.000.000hashas

Good with limitatinGood with limitatin 22.000.00022.000.000hashas

Very goodVery good 40.000.00040.000.000hashas

Soil Soil capacitycapacity

PROGRAMA NACIONAL DE BIOENERGIA DEL INTA-

PNBioe

CONSEJO DE CENTRO DEL CIA CONSEJO DE CENTRO DEL CIA SEPTIEMBRE 2008SEPTIEMBRE 2008

INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE TECNOLOGIA AGROPECUARIA

Work is focused in the principal Work is focused in the principal

productive chains related with solid, productive chains related with solid,

gas and liquid energy vectors in gas and liquid energy vectors in

accordance with sustainable accordance with sustainable

development principlesdevelopment principles.


Secure the supply of sustainable bioenergy sources and services, taking care and

supporting sustainable development, national energy security, poverty reduction, climate change attenuation & environmental equilibrium in all the national territory


Tool development for a sustainable Tool development for a sustainable growth of bioenergy production growth of bioenergy production

from different sources.from different sources.

Integrated project

Tool development for a sustainable growth of bioenergy productiTool development for a sustainable growth of bioenergy production from on from different sources.different sources.

� General objetive:

� Consolidate knowledge and technology in order to contribute with sustainable bioenergy production According to the national public policies.

� Specific objetives:

� Characterize y quantify the energy potential of different crops adjusting the agronomical techniques to the different ecoregions and the final use of co products and residues from the agricultural and agro industrial sector.

� Study and development of no traditional crops with bioenergy potential.

� Development of second generation biofuels.


Specific project

Vegetable strategic resources with energy application

� The project initially is focused on technology development of Jatropha:

� Development of field agronomical management Jatropha.

� Molecular genetic improvement J. curcas L.

� Ecofisiology J. curcas L.

� Micro propagations development.

� Oil quality and biodiesel analysis.


Specífic project

Residues and traditional crops for bioenergy production

� Energy balance, life cycle analysis LCA. Reference laboratory for fuels homologation and efficiency studies.

� Development of a Geographic Information System at a national level considering crops and residues for bioenery purposes.

� Development of particular crop study networks :› Rape seed EEA Barrow

› Carthamus EEA Ascasubi

› Corn EEA Pergamino

› Topinambur EEA Manfredi

› Sugar beet EEA San Juan

› Panicum Virgatum EEA Anguil

› Sorghum EEA Manfredi

› Sugar cane EEA Famaillá


� Crop national ATLAS

› Climate and water Institute Lic. S. Carballo

� Standards developments engine tests

› Rural engineering institute, J. Smith

� Production plants technological aspects INCAPE, C. Querini

› Cotton plant EEA Saenz Peña, R. Pepi

› Canola, soybean biodiesel pilot plants under construction EEA C. del Uruguay, O. Pozzolo

� Alternative temperate crops (rapeseed – lino –cartamo) for biodiesel.

› EEA Barrow, L. Iriarte

› EEA Ascasubi

� Plants for bioenergy production Panicum Virgatum

› Nodo EEA Anguil, E. Petruzzi.

� Ethanol lab production for corn genetic improvement

› EEA Pergamino, F. Borras

� Sugar beet production

› EEA San Juan

� Sunflower oil studies

› EEA Balcarce

� Biogas production plants

Specífic project

Generation & development of second and third generation biofuels

The project is focused on the improvement of ethanol production from cellulosic materials:

� Bacteria biodiversity studies using met genomic tools looking for cellulose degradations. (ex rumen environment).

� Evaluation of identified genes within different protein recombinant expression (bacteria's, yeast Piccia pastoris,). Enzymes that can degrade cellulose and sugars table to be assimilate by alcohol yeast and bacteria are going to be pursue.

� Escherichia coli improvement for optimizing ethanol production and other useful products coming from sugars.


Documents productionDocuments production

Biocombustibles Biocombustibles –– biodiesel Documento conjunto biodiesel Documento conjunto INTA INTA –– SADyS SADyS ––SAGPyA SAGPyA –– SECyT.SECyT. 02/2006, 98 p02/2006, 98 páágs.gs.

Perspectivas de los biocombustibles en Argentina y en Brasil Perspectivas de los biocombustibles en Argentina y en Brasil IICA IICA ––SAGPyA SAGPyA –– INTA.INTA. 10/2005, 154 p10/2005, 154 páágs.gs.

The SocioThe Socio --EconomicaI Impacts of LargeEconomicaI Impacts of Large --Scale Land Use Change and Scale Land Use Change and ExportExport --Oriented BioOriented Bio --Energy Production in Argentina Quantifying the Energy Production in Argentina Quantifying the Direct, Indirect and Induced Impacts of Agricultura l IntensificaDirect, Indirect and Induced Impacts of Agricultura l Intensifica tion and tion and BioBio --energy Production with Inputenergy Production with Input --Output Analysis. B. WickeOutput Analysis. B. Wicke Univ. Univ. Copernicus.Copernicus. 08/2006 .104 p08/2006 .104 páágs.gs.

Emerging liquid biofuels markets. A donde va la Arg entina. P. LaEmerging liquid biofuels markets. A donde va la Arg entina. P. La mers mers Univ. Lund.Univ. Lund. 08/2006, 107 p08/2006, 107 páágs.gs.


Documents productionDocuments productionBiomass energy potential in Argentina. S. Asal, R. Marcus Biomass energy potential in Argentina. S. Asal, R. Marcus Univ. Univ. Dauphine,Dauphine, Paris. 11/2005Paris. 11/2005

An analysis of the obstacles to the development of a sustainableAn analysis of the obstacles to the development of a sustainablebiodiesel industry in Argentina. S. Asal, R. Marcus biodiesel industry in Argentina. S. Asal, R. Marcus Univ. Dauphine,Univ. Dauphine,Paris. 12/2005Paris. 12/2005

Conclusiones mesa de trabajo Conclusiones mesa de trabajo ““ ProducciProducci óón, Sociedad y Tecnologn, Sociedad y Tecnolog íía en a en el MERCOSURel MERCOSUR”” Biocombustibles TecnologBiocombustibles Tecnolog íías eficientes para la as eficientes para la producciproducci óón de biocombustibles en PYMEs del n de biocombustibles en PYMEs del MERCOSUR. MERCOSUR. 20052005

Foro de cultivos alternativos GeneraciForo de cultivos alternativos Generaci óón de materias primas con fines n de materias primas con fines energenerg ééticos documento sticos documento s ííntesis de conclusiones ntesis de conclusiones INTA INTA –– SAGPyA SAGPyA ––SECyT SECyT –– IICA.IICA. 10/2006, 25 p10/2006, 25 páágs.gs.

Prioridades en investigaciPrioridades en investigaci óón en biocombustibles n en biocombustibles SECyT SECyT –– INTA INTA ––SAGPyA.SAGPyA. 08/2005, 20 p08/2005, 20 páágs. gs.

RecomendaciRecomendaci óón institucional a n institucional a óórganos de gobierno para proyectos de rganos de gobierno para proyectos de biocombustibles biocombustibles INTA INTA -- SAGPyA SAGPyA –– SECyT.SECyT. 11/2006, 3 p11/2006, 3 páágs. gs.


Program recent actionsProgram recent actionsPresentation of project portfolio PI + 3 PE Presentation of project portfolio PI + 3 PE External revision finishedExternal revision finished

Joint publication SE, SAGPYA y FAO Joint publication SE, SAGPYA y FAO

WEB page WEB page http://www.inta.gov.ar/info/bioenergia/bio.htm

Participation Agroactiva, AAPRESID, World Ag engin eering congreParticipation Agroactiva, AAPRESID, World Ag engin eering congre ssa ssa culminadosculminados

Network with national biofuel associations CARBIO & AABHustiblesNetwork with national biofuel associations CARBIO & AABHustibles + + SAGPYA + Exportar Foundation Sustainability criteri a SAGPYA + Exportar Foundation Sustainability criteri a iniciadoiniciado ..

Agrements within PROCISUR with Brasil Chile, Urugu ay Bolivia & Agrements within PROCISUR with Brasil Chile, Urugu ay Bolivia & ParaguayParaguay

International bioenergy courseInternational bioenergy course

Activities on RSBActivities on RSB


Energy balance studies 2008

CULTIVOS CONSUMOS MÍNIMOS

INGRESOS BALANCE

E Prod. E Subpr. VEN 1 VEN 2 RE 1 RE 2

Colza 17,31 35,00 25,37 17,69 43,06 2,02 3,49

Girasol Convenc. 18,72 35,00 20,00 16,28 36,28 1,87 2,94

Girasol SD 22,32 35,00 20,00 12,68 32,68 1,57 2,46

Girasol SD T.P. 20,42 35,00 20,00 14,58 34,58 1,71 2,69

Soja 1° Convenc. 22,32 35,00 81,75 12,68 94,43 1,57 5,23

Soja 1° SD 24,22 35,00 81,75 10,78 92,53 1,45 4,82

Soja 1° SD T.P. 18,02 35,00 81,75 16,98 98,73 1,94 6,48

Soja 2° SD 22,42 35,00 81,75 12,58 94,33 1,56 5,21

Maíz Convenc. M.H 15,27 22,50 3,34 7,23 10,57 1,47 1,69

Maíz Convenc. M.S 16,32 22,50 3,09 6,18 9,27 1,38 1,57

Maíz SD M.H 15,27 22,50 3,34 7,23 10,57 1,47 1,69

Maíz SD M.S 16,32 22,50 3,09 6,18 9,27 1,38 1,57

Maíz SD T.P. M.H 15,47 22,50 3,34 7,03 10,37 1,45 1,67

Maíz SD T.P. M.S 16,52 22,50 3,09 5,98 9,07 1,36 1,55

Sorgo Convenc. 14,18 22,50 3,65 8,32 11,97 1,59 1,84

Sorgo SD 15,48 22,50 3,65 7,02 10,67 1,45 1,69

Fuente: L Donato I Huerga IIR 2008

RE 1 Balance with out coproductsRE 2 Balance with coproducts

ANAEROBIC DIGESTIONANAEROBIC DIGESTIONBIOGASBIOGAS

�International seminars and workshops�National studies�Development projects

New design PHRVC

Wisdom FAOWisdom FAOWisdom FAOWisdom FAO

ArgentinaArgentinaArgentinaArgentina

JATROPHA AGRONOMICAL STUDIESJATROPHA AGRONOMICAL STUDIESEEA INTA SALTAEEA INTA SALTA

Agronomical behaviour studies Agronomical behaviour studies –– Template valleys (Template valleys (CerrillosCerrillos))

–– Chaco semiarid (El Quebrachal, Hickman, Chaco semiarid (El Quebrachal, Hickman, Rivadavia Banda Sur & Rivadavia Banda Sur & Palma Sola in JujuyPalma Sola in Jujuy))

–– Umbral Chaco subhumid tropical climate (Yuto y Umbral Chaco subhumid tropical climate (Yuto y ChalicChalicáán, ambas en Jujuy)n, ambas en Jujuy)

Cerrillos Mayo 2008 Palma Sola Marzo 2008

CENTROS DE ESTUDIO JATROPHA CENTROS DE ESTUDIO JATROPHA EEA INTA SALTAEEA INTA SALTA

Frost resistance genetic materialFrost resistance genetic material

IllnesIllnes

Jatropha local April 2008 Jatropha macrocarpa Salta 2008

Biodiesel in Argentina

Fuente: Cámara Argentina de Energías Renovables

47

THREATS AND RISKS ARGENTINE THREATS AND RISKS ARGENTINE THREATS AND RISKS ARGENTINE THREATS AND RISKS ARGENTINE

MARKETMARKETMARKETMARKET

High uncertainty level in federal regulationsHigh uncertainty level in federal regulationsNo definition of indicative price for biodiesel and No definition of indicative price for biodiesel and bioetanol to be used in mandatory blendsbioetanol to be used in mandatory blendsRelative low investment in reserch & Relative low investment in reserch & developmentdevelopment�� Field productionField production�� TransformationTransformation

High volatility at the international markets with High volatility at the international markets with distortions & governments interventionsdistortions & governments interventions�� Subsidis, taxes, technical barriers USA, UE.Subsidis, taxes, technical barriers USA, UE.

Low internal fuel pricesLow internal fuel pricesLack of precise LCA of different bioenergy Lack of precise LCA of different bioenergy production alternatives.production alternatives.

Transport infraestructureTransport infraestructure�� Life cycle analysisLife cycle analysis

��Energy + Emitions Baseline NutrientsEnergy + Emitions Baseline Nutrients�� II generation biofuels biorefineriesII generation biofuels biorefineries�� Study & development of new cropsStudy & development of new crops

��Agronomical studiesAgronomical studies��Bioengineering geneticsBioengineering genetics

�� Treatment and use of agricultural and Treatment and use of agricultural and agroindustrial residuesagroindustrial residues

CHALLENGES OF ARGENTINACHALLENGES OF ARGENTINACHALLENGES OF ARGENTINACHALLENGES OF ARGENTINA

Additional information

�Rural Engineering Institute� Ing.Agr. M.Sc. Jorge A. Hilbert� c.c. 25 (1712) Castelar Bs.As.

� Tel 011 4665-0495 0450� Mail [email protected]

� Pagina web http://www.inta.gov.ar/iir� http://www.inta.gov.ar/info/bioenergia/bio.htm

� Mobile 54 9 11 4143-4394