designing safer batteries via materials architectures and
TRANSCRIPT
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• Real-time Li-ion BatteryMonitoring using ImpedanceSpectroscopy and Gas/PressureSensors for Early ThermalRunaway Detection
• Designing Safer Batteries via Materials Architectures and Multimode Calorimetry
• Ultramist Virus Inactivation Tech
https://www.x-mol.com/paper/5895639
John B. Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham, Akira Yoshino
What We Do
Discover, Engineer and Testing of Materials for Energy Storage Devices
Lithium-ion Sodium ion Potassium ion Li-S
205+ publications, 30 US Patents/applications, 4 book chapters3
Battery Research ChallengesCostCurrent projected cost (25 kW battery) ~ $1000
- Target cost (25 kW battery) ~ $500
SafetyInherently safe batteries needed
- Overcharge protection circuitry expensive
LifeCurrent technology ~ 5 to 10 years
- Target ~ 15 years
Low Temperature PerformanceCurrent technology ~ Sluggish < 0 ºC
- Target ~ -30 ºC (cold cranking)44444444444John B. Goodenough et al., Chemistry of Materials (2010) 22, 587
New
Safety Concerns of Lithium-ion Batteries
(1)https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-lithium-ion-batteries-grounded-the-dreamliner/(2)https://electrek.co/2016/08/15/tesla-model-s-catches-fire-test-drive-france/(3)http://www.cbsnews.com/news/samsung-galaxy-note-7-batteries-fires-faa-warnings-passengers-worldwide-reca
Boeing 787, Dec. 2014 (1) Tesla Model S, Aug. 2016 (2) Samsung Note 7, Sept. 2016 (3)
LIBs dominate rechargeable energy storage market due to high energy densitySafety incidents still occurring for mature Li-ion battery technologySusceptible to thermal runaway: can occur by overcharging, cell puncture, dendrites
Motivation: Improve understanding of thermal runaway and how to mitigate for rechargeable battery
Tarascon, J.M.; Armand, M. Issues and Challenges Facing Rechargeable Lithium Batteries. Nature, 2001, 414, 359-366
Systemic issues of lithium metal
State of the Art Membrane/Separator
High current
2 m 2 m 10 m
20 m
5 m
a)
c)b) d)
Pristine separator PDA-separator PDA/Gr-CMC separator
PDAInfiltration
Graphene-CMC inkLamination
PUBS membrane schematic
• Polypropylene separator has plenty of gaps, modified by 5
9
Full-coin cell study
0 200 400 600 800 10000
40
80
120
160
Sp
ecif
ic c
apac
ity
(mA
h g
-1)
Cycle number
Current density : 1C Pristine separator PDA-separator PDA-Gr/CMC separator
• Improved specific capacity over 1000 cycles, compared to other cells.
• 1C – 1 hour charging, one hour discharging
Coin Cells
Lithium battery pouch cell components
Anode CathodeSeparator
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Lithium Metal Battery Pouch Cell
Li / PP-PDA-Gr-CMC / LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2
Powered Prototype Truck
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Safety Studies Methodology
Furnace
Cooling Rods
DSC Furnace and Calorimeters
Cooling Ring
Multiple Module CalorimeterDifferential Scanning Calorimetry(Thermal response of individual
components)
50 100 150 200 250 300-2
-1
0
1
2
3
Hea
t Flo
w (W
/g)
Temperature (°C)
228 J/g 3.2 kJ/g
DSC of Li-NMC532 cell
1st exotherm is the result of reaction of Li metal with electrolyteNet amount of heat released 2.98 KJ/g
Ultramist Virus Inactivation TechViP Ultramist
14Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University
Dr. Manikandan Palanisamy
Mr. Mihit Parekh
Paradigm Shift- Covid-19
Diameter: 60 – 140 nm
# of People Infected: ~67 million (tillnow)
Disinfection Methods in small spaces:Hand wipes, Spray Bottles
- Insufficient reach ofhandwipes, size of Droplets from spraybottles
Need for effective fumigationtechnique
15ViP UltraMist
ViP UltraMist
16ViP UltraMist
Real-time Li-ion Battery Monitoring using Impedance Spectroscopy and Gas/Pressure Sensors for Early Thermal Runaway Detection
Daniel GribbleUG - University of California, Berkeley
Internal Temperature Monitoring with EIS
• Detect and Prevent• Signs of thermal runaway
– Swelling – Increase in temperature– Venting of gases
• Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy– Measures the internal temperature through
internal resistance– Energy activated process: log (1/R) 1/T – Earlier detection and greater sensitivity than
monitoring surface temperature– Non-invasive
Huang et. al, 2020. JES
Construct Battery Monitoring System• Commercial gas and pressure sensors provide complementary
information
Perform Experiments• Initiate thermal runaway in commercial batteries
Analyze Results• H2 and CO• Internal temperature• Pressure
Create Robust Model for Battery Health• Determine state of thermal runaway• Take appropriate corrective actions
• Alarm• Cooling• Release of fire-extinguishing chemicals
Proposed Research PlanOutcomes• Safer power storage
systems• Protection of property
and lives
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• Real-time Li-ion BatteryMonitoring using ImpedanceSpectroscopy and Gas/PressureSensors for Early ThermalRunaway Detection
• Designing Safer Batteries via Materials Architectures and Multimode Calorimetry
• Ultramist Virus Inactivation Tech
https://www.x-mol.com/paper/5895639