design of lateral reinforcement in flange

8/13/2019 Design of Lateral Reinforcement in Flange

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Design of transverse reinforcement in flange of cross-sectionaccording to EN 1992-1-1, chapter 6.2.4

Manual


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All information in this document is subject to modification without prior notice. No part or this manualmay be reproduced, stored in a database or retrieval system or published, in any form or in any way,electronically, mechanically, by print, photo print, microfilm or any other means without prior writtenpermission from the publisher. Scia is not responsible for any direct or indirect damage because ofimperfections in the documentation and/or the software.

Copyright 2008-9 Scia Group nv. All rights reserved.


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Input manually the Name of My first chapter

Content1 Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... 42 Definition of cut and special parameters in the cross-section ................................................ 53 Definition or change of input parameters in concrete member data and concrete setup .... 8

3.1 Concrete setup ........................................................................................................................ 83.2 Concrete member data ........................................................................................................... 8

4 Input of transverse bending reinforcement .............................................................................. 104.1 Input of reinforcement .......................................................................................................... 104.2 Properties of transverse bending reinforcement in flange .............................................. 104.3 Edit distance of transverse bending reinforcement .......................................................... 124.4 Numerical output of transverse bending reinforcement................................................... 15

5 Integration of internal forces in shear calculation .................................................................. 176 Design of transverse reinforcement into flange ..................................................................... 19

6.1 Changes in service for design of reinforcement ............................................................... 196.2 Procedure for design ............................................................................................................ 20

6.2.1 The transverse reinforcement designed for longitudinal shear stress, Asf,s.................... 206.2.2 The transverse reinforcement designed for transverse bending moment, Asf,b................ 216.2.3 The transverse reinforcement designed for transverse bending and longitudinal shearstress, Asf,sb 216.2.4 The transverse reinforcement designed for longitudinal shear stress complementary totransverse bending reinforcement Asf,c........................................................................................ 21

6.3 Output of designed reinforcement ...................................................................................... 226.3.1 Member design - Standard output .................................................................................... 226.3.2 Member design - zone output .......................................................................................... 236.3.3 Single design 25

7 XML and parameterization ......................................................................................................... 268 Definition of new terms .............................................................................................................. 279 Examples ...................................................................................................................................... 28

9.1 Example 1 .............................................................................................................................. 28


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1 Abstract

The subject of this manual is the design of transverse reinforcement in the flange of cross-sectionsaccording to EN 1992-1-1, chapter 6.2.4. Transverse reinforcement is reinforcement in the flangeperpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the member (x-axis in the local coordinate system). Theinfluence of longitudinal shear (the shear between the web and flange in the direction of thelongitudinal axis of the member) and transverse bending moment (bending moment around the

longitudinal axis of the member) can be taken into account in the design. Transverse reinforcement forthe longitudinal shear is designed directly by the program, but transverse reinforcement for thetransverse bending moment has to be input manually by users using the REDES function. Only thegeneral cross-section is supported for this design, standard cross-section types have to be convert tothe general cross-section. The cuts in general cross-section and special parameters have to bedefined, if the user wants to design the transverse reinforcement.

The following steps for the design of the transverse reinforcement have to be performed:o Definition of a cut and special parameters in the cross-section (chapter 2).o Definition or change of input parameters in concrete member data and concrete setup

(chapter 3).o Input of transverse bending reinforcement (chapter 4).o Calculation of longitudinal shear stress (chapter 5).o Design of transverse reinforcement in the flange (chapter 6).

Supported code: only EN 1992-1-1Supported member: concrete 1D beamsSupported cross-sections: general cross-section and cross-section from Product range library withcuts and with special parametersSupported procedure: only design (check is not supported)


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2 Definition of cuts and special parameters in the cross-section

The cuts and special parameters have to be defined for the calculation of transverse reinforcement

in the flange of a cross-section. We support:

only general cross-sections (with one or more phases), where special parameters and cuts incross-section have to be defined manually by the user,

cross-sections from Product range library, where special parameters and cuts in the cross-

section are predefined.

Cuts in the cross-section on position of web-flange joint has to be input by the user (several cuts can

be defined in one cross-section) in dialog Cross-section editor via item Add cut.

Note

The standard cross-section can be used for the design of transverse bending reinforcement afterconverting the cross-section to a general cross-section.

All parts of the cross-section that are cut by the cut are taken into account in the calculation oflongitudinal shear.

Cut1Point for definition of cut

The parts of cross-sectionfor calculation oflon itudinal shear


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Special parameters in dialog Parameterin General cross-section editorhave to be defined:

Booleanparameter LonShrXXo if parameter is YES, transverse bending reinforcement for cut with ID = XX will be

designed (for example, if parameter LonShr01 is defined and it has value ON, then forcut number 1 (ID = 1) the transverse bending reinforcement is designed),

o if this parameter is not defined, the transverse bending reinforcement is not designed,o the number of LonShrXXparameters should be the same as the number of predefined

cuts,o if the user adds a new cut into the general cross-section, parameter LonShrXX is not

created by program automatically, but the parameter must be defined manually by theuser.

Booleanparameter LPartXXo if parameter is YES, the part of the cross-section on the left side from the cut with

ID=XX is used for the integration of internal forces (for the calculation of the longitudinalshear),

o if this parameter is not defined, the part of the cross-section on the left side from the cutis taken into account for the integration of internal forces,

o the number of the parameters should be the same as the number of predefined cuts,o if the user adds a new cut in a general cross-section, the LPartXX parameter is not

created by the program automatically, but the parameter must be defined manually by

the user.

LPart02 = YES for cut 2 (Left2)(the part of css on the left side)

LPart02 = NO for cut 2 (Left2)(the part of css on the right side)

CSS lengthparameter UserHfXX:o If UserHfXX = 0, then the length of cut with ID =XX across the cross-section is

automatically calculated from the geometry of the cut,o If UserHfXX>0, the value defined via parameter UserHfXX is used for the calculation,

o if this parameter is not defined, then the length of the cut across the cross-section isautomatically calculated from the geometry of the cut,

o the number of the parameters should be the same as the number of predefined cuts,o if the user adds a new cut to a general cross-section, parameter UserHfXX is not

created by the program automatically, but the parameter must be defined manually bythe user.


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The defined parameters appear in the Cross-section dialog and can be edited.


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3 Definition or change of input parameters in concrete member dataand concrete setup

3.1 Concrete setup

The parameters which have influence on the design of transverse bending reinforcement are underConcrete setup > ULS > Shear > 1D structure:

Compression flange>theta,

Tension flange >theta,

Shear between web and flange >Calculate shear stress in distances dx/h,

Shear between web and flange >Number of zones for output.

The angle of the concrete compression strut for flange in tension and compression can be edited ingroup Angle between the concrete compression strut and beam axis by using either angle orcotangent of angle. The angles are used in formulas 6.21 and 6.22 in EN -1992-1-1 (see chapter 6.2).

The limit values of angle theta are defined in ULS > National annex. Also defined is the coefficient forthe calculation of longitudinal shear stress resisted by the concrete k(see chapter 6.1.2(6) in EN 1992-1-1):

k coefficient for calculation of longitudinal shear resisted by concrete

theta_min_w- min. angle between the concrete compression strut and the axis beam for web

theta_min_c - min. angle between the concrete compression strut and the axis beam forcompression flange

theta_min_t - min. angle between the concrete compression strut and the axis beam fortension flange

theta_max_w - max. angle between the concrete compression strut and the axis beam for

web theta_max_f - min. angle between the concrete compression strut and the axis beam for

flange

In group Shear between web and flangethere are two parameters:o Calculate shear stress in distance dx /h

this property defines the distance of the cut measured along the beam forcalculation of longitudinal shear stress, see formula 6.20 in EN 1992-1-1

default value is 0,1 => dx(x) = 0,1ho Number of zones for output

the value is used in the numerical zone-output and it defines the number ofzones (see chapter 5)

default value is 5

3.2 Concrete member data

There is only one property in concrete member data that is used for the calculation of transversereinforcement in the flange in group Transverse reinforcement in flange:

Diametero the value represents the diameter of transverse bending reinforcement which is used for

the design of reinforcement for longitudinal shear stress,o the default value is read from Concrete setup > Design default > Beams > Stirrup


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4 Input of transverse bending reinforcement

4.1 Input of reinforcement

The transverse bending reinforcement can be defined via REDES using item Add transverse bendingreinforcementin Concrete tree > REDES (without As)or using icon Transverse bending reinf.

Note

The reinforcement is input in a similar way to a standard stirrup zone.

The procedure and conditions for input of transverse bending reinforcement

the user selects the beam for where the reinforcement is to be defined, the reinforcement is automatically assigned to all cuts with parameter LonShrXX = YES

(assigning of the reinforcement to the cut can be changed in properties of reinforcement via

property List of cuts),

for each cut only one span of transverse bending reinforcement can be defined, the material of reinforcement and diameter of the bars are read from Concrete Member Dataor

from Concrete Setup,

different property can be defined for each span of transverse bending reinforcement, the reinforcement is input on the whole beam and its position cannot be edited,

openings are not taken into account for the transverse bending reinforcement, the number of spans of transverse bending reinforcement is the same as the number of spans

of an arbitrary beams (In Scia Engineer, the span is an expression for one part (prismatic or

haunched) of a beam with an arbitrary cross-section),

the number of zones (one span can contain several zones) of transverse bending reinforcementdepends on the spansof arbitrary beams and on the position of supports,

o for a prismatic beam: number of zones = number of internal supports +1

o for an arbitrary beam (zones are read from geometry of the arbitrary beam): number of

zones = number of spans + number of internal supports.

A member with 4 spans of transverse bending reinforcement and 6 zones

4.2 Properties of transverse bending reinforcement in flange

The transverse bending reinforcement in each span has the following properties.


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Detailing - if check box is ON, thanreinforcement is not taken into account, but isused for bill of reinforcement.

Active - this check box is active only if Detailing

= ON. If Active = OFF, than reinforcement isnot used in bill of reinforcement.

Material - material of transverse bendingreinforcement, read from concrete member dataor concrete setup.

Diameter - diameter of transverse bendingreinforcement, read from concrete member dataor concrete setup.

List of cuts - the dialog for assigning oftransverse bending reinforcement to defined cuts

in the cross-section, see dialog below.

Length - length of transverse bendingreinforcement, this value is not considered in thedesign, it is an important value for bill ofreinforcement.

Drawing offset Y(Z) - the reinforcement ispresented only schematically in the graphicalwindow (the default is in centroid of the cross-section). This value is used for better graphicalrepresentation, if several spans of transversebending reinforcement are defined in one span of

an arbitrary beam. The position of thereinforcement is not considered in the design.The reinforcement is assigned to the cut of flangevia property List of cuts.

Edit distance - the dialog for editing of distanceof reinforcement and creating/deleting of newparts for zones of reinforcement.

Dialog for assigning transverse bending reinforcement to cut

only the cuts with parameter LonShrXX = YES(active cut) are presented in this dialog, the user can select for which cuts the defined span of transverse bending reinforcement are used

(column Use for check),

for each cut only one span of transverse bending reinforcement can be defined, the program gives a warnings if:

o no cut with parameter LonShrXX = YESis defined,o reinforcement is assigned to all active cuts on the member (span of arbitrary beam)


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4.3 Edit distance of transverse bending reinforcement

The default distance of transverse bending reinforcement after input is 300 mm. The distance can beedited and changed using action button Edit distance in the properties of the span of transversebending reinforcement.

The span may contain several zones (it depends on the number of supports). The zone can be created

or deleted using button New zoneand Delete zone in the bottom left corner of the dialog. For eachzone the basic reinforcement is defined and it is the same over the whole length of the zone. New partscan be created/deleted for each zone using buttons New partor Delete part. The transverse bendingreinforcement can be symmetrical in the zone if check box "Symmetrical"is ON.

Properties in the table for the definition of basic reinforcement the in zone:

Length (Lzone)- length of zone for which basic reinforcement is defined. Diameter (ds,b)- the diameter of transverse bending reinforcement in selected zone. Input type- type for definition of transverse bending reinforcement in selected zone. There are three

possibilities:


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o Distance - the area of reinforcement is defined by centre-to-centre distance of bars oftransverse bending reinforcement.

o Numbers - the area of reinforcement is defined by the number of bars per meter of thezone.

o Area- the area of reinforcement is defined by the area of bars per meter of the zone.

Distance (sb,zone ) - is the centre-to-centre distance of bars of transverse bending reinforcement inlongitudinal direction of the member. This value is calculated from input parameters.

o

for Input type = Distance, the distance of reinforcement is input directly by the user to thecolumn Distance.o for Input type = Numbers, the distance of reinforcement is calculated from the number of

links per meter of the zone:

zoneb

zonebn

ms

,

,

1

o for Input type = Area, the distance of reinforcement is calculated from the areareinforcement per meter of the zone:

zoneb

bs

zonebA

ds

,

,

,

25,0

Numbers (nb,zone) - the number of bars of transverse bending reinforcement per meter of the zone:o for Input type = Distance, the number of bars is calculated from the distance of bars:

zoneb

zonebs

mn

,

,

1

o for Input type = Numbers, the number of bars is input directly by the user to the columnNumbers.

o for Input type = Area, the number of bars is calculated from the area of reinforcement permeter of the zone:

bs

zoneb

zonebd

An

,

,

,25,0

Area (Ab,zone) - is the area of bars of transverse bending reinforcement per meter of the zone:o for Input type = Distance, the area of reinforcement is calculated from the distance of bars:

zoneb

bs

zonebs

dA

,

,

,

25,0

o for Input type = Numbers, the area of reinforcement is calculated from the number of bars:

zonebbszoneb ndA ,,, 25,0 o for Input type = Area, the area of the reinforcement is input directly by the user to the

column Area.

Real distance (sf,b) - is centre-to-centre distance of bars of transverse bending reinforcement inlongitudinal direction of the member. This value can be different than value sb,zone, because this valueis calculated for number of bars rounded to an integer:

zoneb

partbeginbendbzone

partbeginbendbzone

bf

s

LssLRoundToUp

LssLs

,

,,

,,

,

Distance to begin (sb,begin) - the distance of the axis of the first bar of transverse bendingreinforcement from the beginning of the zone. The value can be:

o input by user if check box By user = Yes,o calculated automatically, if check By user = No. The value depends on default settings

defined in Concrete setup > Detailing provisions > REDES > group Distance of the firststirrup from begin/end of the zone. For calculation the following can be used:

value sf,bfrom the basic reinforcement, if no parts are defined in the zone,


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value sf,bof the first part at the beginning of the zone, if some parts are defined inthe zone.

Distance to end (sb,end) - the distance of the axis of the first bar of transverse bendingreinforcement from the end of the zone. The value can be:

o input by user, if check box By user = Yes,o calculated automatically, if check By user = No. The value depends on default settings

defined in Concrete setup > Detailing provisions > REDES > group Distance of the firststirrup from begin/end of the zone. For calculation the following can be used: value sf,bfrom the basic reinforcement, if no parts are defined in zone, value sf,bof the first part at end of the zone, if some parts are defined in the zone.

Properties in group Addit ional reinforcement of the zone:

Symmetricalo If the check box is ON, then the transverse bending reinforcement in parts at the beginning and

end of the zone are symmetrical and defined only in one table.o If the check box is OFF, then the transverse bending reinforcement in parts at the beginning and

end of the zone can be different and it is defined in two different tables.

Table for the definition of the part contains the following properties: Distance (sb,part ) - the centre-to-centre distance of bars of transverse bending reinforcement in

longitudinal direction of the member in the part. This value is defined for the whole length of the part.o for Input type = Distance, the distance of reinforcement is input directly by the user to the

column Distance.o for Input type = Numbers, the distance of reinforcement is calculated from the number of

bars per total distance of the part:

)( ,,

partb

p

partbnRoundToUp

Ls

o for Input type = Area, the distance of reinforcement is calculated from the area ofreinforcement per total distance of the part:

bs

partb

p

partb

d

ARoundToUp

Ls

,

,

,

25,0

Numbers (nb,part) - the number of bars of transverse bending reinforcement in the part of the zone.

The number of the bars is defined for the whole length of the part: o for Input type = Distance, the number of bars is calculated from the distance of bars:

1,

,

partb

p

partbs

LRounToUpn

o for Input type = Numbers, the number of bars is input directly by the user to the columnNumbers. The input value is rounded up to an integer.

o for Input type = Area, the number of bars is calculated from the area of reinforcement whichis defined in the part of the zone:

1

25,0 ,

,

,

bs

partb

partb

d

ARoundToUpn

Area (Ab,part) thearea of bars of transverse bending reinforcement in the part of the zone. Thearea of the reinforcement is defined for the whole length of the part:


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o for Input type = Distance, the area of reinforcement is calculated from the distance of barsin the part:

partb

p

bszonebs

LRounToUpdA

,

,, 25,0

o for Input type = Numbers, the area of reinforcement is calculated from the number of barsin the part:

zonebbszoneb nRoundToUpdA ,,, 25,0 o for Input type = Area, the area of the reinforcement is input directly by the user to the

column Area.

bs

bs

partb

zoneb dd

ARoundToUpA ,

,

,

, 25,025,0

Real distance (sf,b) - the centre-to-centre distance of bars of transverse bending reinforcement inlongitudinal direction of the member in the part of the zone. This value can be different than thevalue of sb,part, because this value is calculated for the number of bars rounded to integer.

1,

,

partb

part

part

bf

s

LRoundToUp

L

s

Total distance (Lp) - is the length of the part.

4.4 Numerical output of transverse bending reinforcement

The input properties of transverse bending reinforcement can be printed in the Document via itemReinforcement zones data.

There are presented general properties, properties of each zone and each parts of the zone.


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5 Integration of internal forces in shear calculation

The longitudinal shear stress (in the direction of the x-axis of the local coordinate system of themember) between the web and flange is calculated by integration of internal forces. There are thefollowing preconditions:

The change of normal force Fd is calculated in the part of flange bounded by the cut in eachsection

The longitudinal shear stress is calculated in standard result sections, but the integration of internalforces is made in two generated sections (in front of and behind the standard result section) in thelongitudinal direction. The distance between the generated sections is x.

At the end of the member only one section on the side of the member is generated, the secondsection is a standard result section. The distance of the sections in this case is only 0.5 x.

The integration of internal forces in generated sections is done only for the part of the cross-sectionon the left or right side from the cut. It depends on the value of parameter LPartXX, see chapter 2.

The strain-stress diagram for the integration is taken from the ULS equilibrium response, but:o influence of additional tension force caused by shear and torsion ("shifting") is not taken into

account,o reduction of the stress-strain diagram caused by anchorage is not taken into account.

Calculation of normal forces in the generated section

Normal forces in the generated section is calculated according to formulas below.

In general:

iskiks

i

zycidi AsdFui

,,),(

jskjksj zycjdj AsdF

ui

,,),(

In the particular case of a beam with a constant width bfunder bending moment My, the formula is:

iskikzZfi

Zfi

zcifidi AsdbFui

,,

sup,

inf,

)(

jskjkzZfj

Zfj

zcjfjdj AsdbFui

,,

sup,

inf,

)(

where

i is related to the detached area (by the cut) at section i

j is related to the detached area (by the cut) at section j

x

0,5x

i j i j

Standard SEN section

Generated section infront of SEN section

Generated sectionbehind of the SENsection

x


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6 Design of transverse reinforcement in flange

The transverse bending reinforcement can be designed in two services:

Design Design of non-prestressed reinforcement in prestressed css

6.1 Changes in the service for design of reinforcement

There are following changes in services for design As in comparison with previous versions of theprogram:

A new check box Use named cuts,o default value is OFF,o if the check box = OFF, then the extreme value of Asf from all active cuts (cuts with

parameter LonShrXX = YES) is presented in the graphical and numerical output,o if the check box = ON, then the extreme value of Asf of the selected active named cut is

presented in the graphical and numerical output.

A new combo box Named cut where the list of named active cuts appears. This item is active only ifcheck box Use named cutis ON,

A new combo box Type of outputfor setting the type of numerical output with two items:o Standard area of Asfis evaluated in each section of the member,o Zone output area of Asf is evaluated in zones (local extreme), see chapter 6.3.2. The

number of zones can be changed in Concrete setup > ULS > Shear > 1D structures >group Shear between web and flange (chapter 3.1).

A new value Asfis added in combo box Valuefor design of the transverse reinforcement into flange.


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6.2 Procedure for the design

Four types of reinforcement are calculated and evaluated:

transverse reinforcement designed for longitudinal shear stress, Asf,s

transverse reinforcement designed for transverse bending moment, Asf,b transverse reinforcement designed for transverse bending and longitudinal shear stress, Asf,sb transverse reinforcement designed for longitudinal shear stress complementary to transverse

bending reinforcement, Asf,c

6.2.1 The transverse reinforcement designed for longitudinal shear stress, Asf,s

This type of reinforcement (value Asf,s) is designed if the following conditions are fulfilled:

for non-prestressed member (service Design As)o the user real non-prestressed reinforcement (REDES bars or FREE bars) is input in the

selected member,o the check box Take into account long.user reinforcement for design calc in Concrete

setup > General > Calculationis ON,o

the ULS equilibrium is found,o the material grade of the transverse bending reinforcement (defined in the REDES) and

transverse reinforcement designed for longitudinal shear stress is the same,

for prestressed member (service Design of non-prestressed reinforcement in prestressed css)o prestressed reinforcement (tendons or strand pattern) is input in the selected member,o the ULS equilibrium is found,o the material grade of the transverse bending reinforcement (defined in the REDES) and

transverse reinforcement designed for longitudinal shear stress is the same.

Procedure:

where

vEd the longitudinal shear stress

the strength reduction factor for concrete cracked in shear (formula 6.6N, EN 1992-1-1)fcd design compressive strength of the concretef angle between the concrete compression strut and beam axis, the value for calculation

and limit value can be set in Concrete Setup, see chapter 3.1

k coefficient for calculation of longitudinal shear stress resisted by concrete, the value can

vEdfcdsinfcosfFormula 6.22, EN 1992-1-1

Error 525: Concrete strut failure.No calculation possible

vEd< kfctd and Asf,b> 0chapter 6.2.4 (6), EN 1992-1-1

NO YES

Warning 6: Shear force carried bythe concrete. No shearreinforcement necessaryAsf,s= 0

YES

fyd

fEd

sf

sf

ssff

hv

s

AA

cot,,

Formula 6.21, EN 1992-1-1

NO


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6.3 Output of designed reinforcement

Numerical and graphical output are supported for the designed transverse reinforcement. Only value Asf,sbis presented in the graphical output where the results are evaluated in the standard

result section (standard output).

Numerical output can be presented in the member design or in the single check (detailed result inselected standard result section).

The user can select two types of numerical output in member design:o Standard area of all types of reinforcement are evaluated in each section of the member.o Zone output only area of Asf,cis evaluated in the zones (local extreme).

6.3.1 Member design - Standard output

The results will be evaluated in each standard result section. The transverse reinforcement in flange for transverse bending and longitudinal shear stress is

presented in the graphical and numerical output.

The following values are presented in Default table

Member the name and number of the member

dx position of standard result section

Case type and name of extreme load case/combination/class

Cut the number (ID) of extreme cut in the cross-section with extreme value ofdesigned transverse reinforcement

vEd the longitudinal shear stress

vRd,c the longitudinal shear stress carried by concrete according to 6.2.4(6)

vRd.max the maximum longitudinal shear stress to prevent crushing of compression strutsin the flange calculated according to 6.22

Asf,b the transverse reinforcement designed for transverse bending moment per meter

Asf,s the transverse reinforcement designed for longitudinal shear stress per meter

Asf,c the transverse reinforcement designed for longitudinal shear stress per metercomplementary to transverse bending reinforcement.

Asf,sb the transverse reinforcement designed for transverse bending and longitudinalshear stress per meter

Reinf the diameter and distance of barsif Asf,c= 0 and Asf,b= 0 Reinf : emptyif Asf,c> 0 and Asf,b= 0 Reinf : ds,s/sf,cif Asf,c= 0 and Asf,b> 0 Reinf : ds,b/sf,b


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Note:

The value sf,c,redis the distance of transverse reinforcement calculated for Asf,c,red.

redcsf

ss

redcfA

ds

,,

2

,

,,

25,0

Procedure for calculation of zone output on the member

The envelope area of Asf,c is calculated in each standard result section for selectedload/combination/class.

The maximum value (Asf,c,max) from the envelope area of Asf,cis found on the member. The value Asf,c,max is divided to horizontal strips (straight horizontal lines) with same height hzone=

Asf,c,max/n(the value n is the number of zones for numerical output and can be edited in Concretesetup > ULS > Shear > group "Shear between web and flange").

The intersections of straight horizontal lines with envelope area of Asf,cis found. The vertical zone is created between to intersections.

The average value Asf,c,redfrom area of Asf,cis calculated in each zone and this value is presented inthe output table.

zone543210123

Asf,c

standard SEN sections

A

sf,c,max

hzone

zone543210123

standard SEN sections

Asf,c.red


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6.3.3 Single design

Detailed design of member can be run via action button Single Check in the service Design As. Thenumerical output is presented in:

o text prompt- only value Asf,sband warnings/ errors,o preview - the similar table as in member design for standard output with or without

explanations of symbols is presented. The table is presented if in dialog Change of setupitem "Transversal reinforcement in flangeis ON.


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7 XML and parameterization

All values for transverse bending reinforcement can be parameterized and changed via XML.


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8 Definition of new terms

Product range library a library of general cross-sections with parameterized dimensionsand additional parameters so that it is tailor-made for KP1. Detaileddescription will be provided as a part of the documentation.

REDES a module of SCIA Engineer for the definition and drawing of realnon-prestressed reinforcement


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9 Examples

9.1 Example 1

The single beam with prestressed reinforcement (benchmark E01) and with construction stagescalculated via TDA analysis.

The model of structure

Cross-section T1_1-end Cross-section T2_2-span


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Input of parameters for design transverse bending reinforcement in flange

The cross-sections were loaded from product range library, where the cuts and special parameters arealready predefined. The parameters are necessary for the design of transverse bending reinforcement.

The predefined cuts in cross-section from product range library

The list of cuts from the product range library for KP1.


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Input transverse bending reinforcement Asf,b

The transverse reinforcement designed for transverse bending moment is not automatically designedby the program. This reinforcement can be calculated manually and input to flange via REDES. Thereinforcement was designed manually as upper reinforcement to cantilever (one part of flange)

Cantilever from the flange Loads and combinations:

Lenght of cantilever:

L = 1815-240/2 = 1695mm

LC1 (own weight): g = -4,4 kN/m

LC2 (additional load): g = -2,0 kN/m

LC3 (variable load):q = -2,5 kN/m (Cat: B)

Combination: EN -ULS (STR)

Internal forces:

Design reinforcement to cantilever and check for shear:

The beam was modeled as a beam slab with the following input parameters for the design of

reinforcement:ds= 12 mm (B500A), concrete cover = 30 mm, concrete C30/37

Design of reinforcement

Check of shear

VEd< VRd,c, which means that shear force is carried by concrete and thickness of flange (cantilever) is

OK, but it is necessary to input transverse bending reinforcement 12(B500(A))-250mm/m via REDES.

The transverse bending reinforcement is input only in member B2 and this reinforcement is

automatically assigned to all active cuts.


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Graphical presentation of transverse bending reinforcement

There are three spans in member B2, because there are defined some internal supports as propsduring casting of the slab. The reinforcement is input via Input type = Distance, where distance=250mm. Real distance for each zone can be different than the input value and it depends on thelength of the span and on the distance to the beginning/end. For example, the real distance of bars forzone 1 is 0,241 m (see formula below)

250,0

0121,0050,0030,4

0121,0050,0030,4

,

,,

,,

,

RoundToUps

LssLRoundToUp

LssLs

zoneb

partbeginbendbzone

partbeginbendbzone

bf

m

RoundToUps bf 241,0

16

859,3

436,15

859,3,


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Calculated transverse bending reinforcement for longitudinal shear

The extreme values from all active cuts are evaluated in service Design As(the check box Use namedcuts is OFF).

The graphical presentation of area Asf,b without non-prestressed lower reinforcement

The numerical presentation of transverse bending reinforcement without non-prestressed lowerreinforcement

There is error 896 (Forces are zero or no equilibrium not found, check if longitudinal reinforcementexists) in the middle of the beam, therefore we have to input lower non-prestressed reinforcement

(320 B500B). The area of Asf,sb with non-prestressed lower reinforcement is the following.

The numerical presentation of transverse bending reinforcement without non-prestressed lowerreinforcement for standard output (extreme = member)

The numerical presentation of transverse bending reinforcement without non-prestressed lowerreinforcement for zone output output (number of zone =5 )


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The check results in section x = 9,913 m

Calculation of longitudinal shear

the height of section h = 630 mm

dx/h = 0.1 => x(dx) = 0.1h =0,1630 =63 mm (Concrete setup > ULS > Shear >1D structures)

height of flange hf= 130 mm

The resultant of normal force in generated sections in front (x-0.5x) and behind (x+0.5x) of thestandard result section (x = 9,913 m).

InfrontofSENsection

(x=

9.8815m)

Fdi

=-70,7kN

Behindo

fSENsection

(x=9

,9945m)

Fdj=

-50,1kN

Because Fdi < 0 kN and Fdj< 0, the flange is in compression and the change of normal force iscalculated according to formula:

Fd = - Fdi- Fdj= - -70,7 - (-50,1)= -20,6 kN

The longitudinal shear is calculated according to formula:

MPakPaxh

Fv

f

dEd 515,226,2515

063,0130,0

6,20

Design of transverse reinforcement designed for longitudinal shear stress Asf,s

characteristic compressive cylinder strength fck= 30 MPa

design compressive strength fcd= 20MPa

angle of compression strut for flange in compression f= 40 deg

strength reduction factor for concrete cracked in shear


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design of lateral reinforcement in flange

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