deirdre criddle - sir charles gairdner hospital - hospital home medslink - conecting medicines care...
TRANSCRIPT
Hospital to Home Medslink
CoNeCTing medicines care post discharge
Deirdre Criddle ~ Complex Care Coordinator Pharmacist
“Dealing with physical health, mental
health and social care needs separately
makes no sense at a time when people
increasingly depend on all three types of
support.”
Dr Ed Wagner
MacColl Institute for Healthcare Innovation
Group Health Research Institute
Canterbury Clinical Network
~ Coordinated Care after a crisis
http://www.ccnweb.org.nz/
Canterbury Clinical Network
~ Coordinated Care after a crisis
http://www.ccnweb.org.nz/
CoNeCT ~ Complex Needs Coordination Team
Established 2010
An initiative of the Government of Western
Australia’s Friend In Need Emergency
(FINE) scheme, overseen by the
Department of Health of WA and the
metropolitan area health services
Multidisciplinary teams embedded within
several hospitals
CoNeCT Clients are;
High users of hospital services
Multiple presenters to Emergency Departments
People at the higher end of functional decline, in the
later stages of chronic disease and/or those with
multiple co-morbidities
People who are in complex psychosocial
circumstances
Not duplicating or replacing existing care
coordination or case-management services
The CoNeCT Team
Senior Nursing, Physiotherapy, Occupational
Therapy and Social Work in a generic role
Specific Pharmacy role
Common Clinical Competencies
Governance with Primary Care ~unless our
clients are in hospital
Care Coordination Model
6 month pre-post review outcomes
Impact of CoNeCT intervention on ED presentations, admissions and total LoS - all patients [n=45]
(Excludes deceased patients and JHC referrals)
18%13%
18%
22%24%
2%
60% 62%
80%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
ED Presentations Inpatient Admissions Total LoS
Perc
en
tag
e v
alu
e
Reduced
Unchanged
Increased
Primary health issue
Length of Stay Project Team ~ Respiratory
Project team working with Department representatives
reviewing processes & discussing barriers and
developing solutions to reduce length of stay
CoNeCT identified as enabler to improve care after
discharge
CoNeCT identified as enabler to reduce readmissions
CoNeCT pharmacist identified for role in Early Post
Discharge medication review to “high risk” respiratory
patients, & screen for future CoNeCT Care
coordination if needed
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A problem in parallel
• The period 7 to 10 days following
hospital discharge is a vulnerable
time associated with a significant
risk of medication misadventure,
especially in high-risk patients.
• Studies show ~ 50% of the adults
discharged from hospital
experience a medical error, with
19%-23% suffering an adverse
event, most commonly an
adverse drug event.
Kriplani, Jackson, Schnipper et al, 2007
Journal of Hospital Medicine 2007;2:314 –323).
Perennial problem with transitions of care
Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research (2015) 45, 208–210
Perennial problem with transitions of care
The Joint Commission currently has standards,
National Patient Safety Goals, survey activities,
and educational services that address transitions
of care, however these mechanisms have limited
utility or reach.
Currently address transition of care concerns
within a healthcare setting, but neither “cross
settings,” nor do they address what happens to
patients after they leave a healthcare setting.
Paving the way for Pathways
“An integrated care pathway (ICP) is a
multidisciplinary outline of anticipated care, placed
in an appropriate timeframe, to help a patient with
a specific condition or set of symptoms move
progressively through a clinical experience to
positive outcomes.”
– Oxford University Medicine
1) Bandolier, Integrated care pathway, http://www.medicine.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/booth/glossary/icp.html
© James Gupta 2012 | [email protected]
Multidisciplinary
Evidence-based
Anticipated
Local & Specific
Developing a Pathway Approach to COPD
Commissioning
Multidisciplinary Chest physicians
GPs
Practice nurses
COPD / community nurses
Practice managers
Pharmacists
Respiratory physiotherapists
Smoking cessation advisers
Spirometry technicians
Committed
Lead: clinical and managerial experience
1 • Assemble a
team
2 • Design a
pathway
3 • Implement it
© James Gupta 2012 | [email protected]
What are the benefits of using pathways?
Patients receive care that is not only more
consistent, but also of a higher standard and
more up to date with the latest evidence
Clinicians feel more confident and can get
more done in less time
Resources are used more appropriately
Emergency / non-elective admissions can be
reduced
Rotter et al Cochrane Review 2010
1) Rotter et al, Clinical pathways: effects on professional practice, patient outcomes, length of stay and hospital costs. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD006632. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006632.pub2.
2) Campbell H, Hotchkiss R, Bradshaw N, Porteous M, Integrated care pathways. BMJ 1998, 316(7125):133-7.
3) Lowe C, Care pathways: have they a place in ‘the new National Health Service’? J Nurs Manag 1998, 6(5):303-6.
© James Gupta 2012 | [email protected]
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Medication management solutions?
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Medication management solutions?
• The National Efficient Price is $4,971 per
National Weighted Activity Unit (NWAU).
• Non-admitted price weight Clinical Pharmacy
40.04 = 0.1676
• Price of an outpatient clinic visit = $833.13
STAGE 1
Clinical Pharmacist +/- Ward Clinical Nurse Coordinator
Screens for medication misadventure (using tool)
Safe and appropriate for home visit
Consent from patient for home visit documented in notes
Refers CoNeCT Clinical Pharmacist (CCP) with Estimated Date of Discharge
STAGE 2
CCP contacts patient at home
Requests: Discharge Summary, Medical Record
CCP coordinates: Date and time for Clinical Pharmacy Consult
STAGE 3
CCP conducts Medication Review, reconciles medications from discharge
with medicines at home and resolves medication related problems
CCP ensures; Medication education incl inhaler technique and smoking
cessation, Accurate Medicines List, Outpatient clinic, Pulmonary Rehab, GP
visits booked, vaccination status, ?Action Plan
CCP refers as needed to Community Respiratory Nurse, CoNeCT
Copy of notes from visit, and all correspondence placed in Patients Medical
Record
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The referral
Multidisciplinary
Evidence-based
Anticipated
Local & Specific
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Stratified risk assessment
Adapted from Hospital Outreach in VIC and SA
Risk factors for medication misadventure include: • Lives alone and manages own medicines (3 points).
• Cognitive impairment and manages own medicines (3 points).
• Multiple medications on admission (1.5 points).
• Recurrent admissions to hospital (eg. 2 in 6 months (3 points).
• Changes in medications/dose during the admission (1.5
points.
• Clinical impression of the medical team that a post-discharge
HMR is warranted (5 points).
• Other (1 point). eg. using multiple GPs, English is a second
language, having a low education, or a preference for
alternative/complementary medications).
Patients who score 5 or more on screening assessment
are considered ‘High Risk’ for medication misadventure.
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The screening tool
Validated
Australian
Used in the same setting ~ ie hospital to the home
Excellent way of stratifying risk!
Limits cost by ensuring only those most in need
receive service
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Who are we CoNeCTing Post-discharge?
Patients identified as high risk by screening tool
Having COPD diagnoses & admitted to Respiratory Ward
or Medical Assessment Unit
Deemed appropriate by Senior Clinical Nurse or Clinical
Pharmacist
Can be referred by any member of multidisciplinary team
Triaged for visit within 5 days or 10 days of discharge,
depending upon concerns
Must have signed referral with consent documented in
notes
Recovering heart attack patients fail to adhere to
prescribed medications
Reasons for not taking
medicines are multifactorial,
some reporting financial
hardship because of the
expense of drugs
“Patients who had low adherence cited poor communication of
the need and reasons for each of the discharge medications, as
well as the possible side effects that they may encounter”
Assessing health literacy when disseminating written
patient instructions and educational materials was also
identified as crucial to adherence
Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes.2015;CIRCOUTCOMES.114.001223published
online before print June 2 2015,
Recovering heart attack patients fail to adhere to
prescribed medications
Patients were more likely adherent with medication six
weeks after their heart attack if follow-up appointments
had been made for them before discharge.
“Lack of contact represents a lost opportunity not only for
reinforcing continued treatment goals but also for assessing
medication intolerance and patient knowledge gaps that
might contribute to non-adherence,”
Circ Cardiovasc Qual
Outcomes.2015;CIRCOUTCOMES.114.001223
published online before print June 2 2015,
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What are we collecting & collating?
Measure of risk by screening tool
Language or literacy concerns
No. admissions in past 6 months & Length of Stay
No. of doctors involved in care
Lives alone & managing own medications?
Cognitively impaired & managing own medications?
Regular GP? Community Pharmacist?
Errors on discharge summary?
Booked for GP and Specialist Outpatient Clinic?
Up-to-date Medicines List?
Adherence risk? –McHorney Concerns? Cost?
Commitment? Low/Medium/High
What are we collecting & collating?
Education provided
Action Plan in conjunction with respiratory Nurse/GP
Inhaler technique
Smoking Cessation
On referral ~ Respiratory Nurse, HMR/Medscheck CoNeCT
Care Coordination
Vaccination status
No. Medication Related Problems (MRP)
Resolved by who?
Measures of success
Does clinical pharmacy intervention reduce
readmission rate and LOS 6 months after
intervention?
Did the patient attend Specialist OP
appointment?
Does the patient still have an Up-To-Date
Medicines List 6 months after?
Readmission rate 6 months after?
Patient satisfaction?
GP satisfaction?
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The journey continues ~ the services evolves
Encouraging patient-focussed inside-out thinking;
“Who are you? Where are you from? How did you get to be
here? What failed? How can we stop this happening
again?”
Transitional care, which encompasses both the
sending and the receiving aspects of the transfer, is
essential for persons with complex care needs1.
Improving post hospital medication safety requires
shared care responsibility between acute & primary
care. 1. Russell, L et al National Lead Clinicians Group ~Patient safety – handover of
care between primary and acute care Policy review and analysis March 2013
CoNeCTing medication management post discharge
Take Medications out of the “Background” with
ISOBARM to improve & prioritise handover of
Medication Management on discharge
No “Silver Bullet” but a coordinated collaborative
handover of care to a patient’s usual Medicines
Management Team is likely to come pretty close
Thankyou
COPD Length of Stay Team SCGH
Ms Carolyne Wood ~ CoNeCT Team Lead NMHS
Ms Julie Rennison ~ Area Manager Homelink
NMHS
Dr Fiona Lake ~ Respiratory Physician SCGH
Ms Lynda Cruikshank – CNC G54
Multidisciplinary Team G54 SCGH
Pharmacy Department SCGH
My wonderful NMHS CoNeCT colleagues
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