definitions of reality (ref. wiki discussions). reality two ontologic approaches what exists:...
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Definitions of Reality
(ref . Wiki Discussions)
RealityTwo Ontologic Approaches
• What exists: REALISM, independent of the mind
• What appears: PHENOMENOLOGY, what (and how) it occurs in consciousness (idealism vs epiphenomenology)
Metaphysics vs Epistemology vs Science
• Metaphysics : study of what exists (idealism, materialism, dualism)
• Epistemology : Study of nature and scope of knowledge empiricism, rationalism, constructivism)
• Science : use of empiric data to construct models that can predict the future
Deduction vs Induction
• Deduction: Reasoning based on rules of logic and axioms. Validity not Truth
• Induction: Reasoning from general fact to a conclusion. Does not guarantee truth, but likelihood (Hume and Popper)
• .
Scientific Method Issues
• Popper’s Falsifiability (problem with induction)
• Godel’s Theorem (incompleteness of formal logical systems)
• Measurement Precision (sensitivity to initial conditions results in deterministic chaos, weather)
Causality
• Relationship between one event and another (necessary and sufficient)
• Determinism (orderly laws that specify transformation from one state to another that are in principle reversible, Newton’s laws)
• Indeterminism (laws can only predict likelihood of outcome, quantum theory)
• Problem of free will in either case
World ViewWELTANSCHAUUNG
• Framework of beliefs and ideas through which one interprets and experiences the world
• Belief vs Truth (depends on what “is” is)• What is my world view (try to write it down)• We will revisit at end of course• Rule: Each world view will be respected
Truths and Consequences of World View
• Idealist
• Materialist
• Dualist
• Other
Big Questions
• Time• Space• Matter, Energy• Complexity (reduction vs emergence)• Consciousness• Cosmology• Life• God