definition, scope, and objective of 111 rds

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DEFINITION, SCOPE, AND

OBJECTIVE OF OPERATIVE DENTISTRY

By Dr.Wedad Awliya



DEFINITION

Operative dentistry is the science and art

dealing with the restorations of any fault

´Defectµ that occurs in the hard tooth

structures. It occupies about 70% of the

dentist time and necessitates the formation

of Cavities of specific design and form to

receive the filling ´restorative materialµ of

choice



SCOPEOperative dentistry consists of all

procedures including preventive

measures by which teeth may beconserved and thus maintain the natural

masticating mechanism in such a state

that the general health will not beendangered



THE DEFINITION OF OPERATIVE DENTISTRY includes and scopethe following

1. Defects which affect the teeth

2. Restoration



DEFECTS WHICH AFFECT THE TEETH

Pathologic:i. Dental caries



ii. Developmental structural defects

Enamel Hypoplasia: Acquired condition

Causes:

Infections disease in childhood ´fever´

Trauma

Abscess to developing crown



iii. Hereditary

Amelogenesis imperfecta: Hereditary abnormality

Insufficient amount of enamel, soft enamel, friableand easy lost



iii. HereditaryDentinogenesis imperfecta: hereditary conditionTeeth appear yellow-brown to gray Enamel is fractured easily due to poor support

provided by the abnormal dentin



iii. Hereditary

* Peg-shaped lateral incisor

* Hutchinson¶s incisor

* Mulbery molarsSeen with congenital

syphilis



iv. Nutritional

* Enamel hypocalcification:incomplete calcification or Hardeningof enamel (hypomineralized)



V. Formative*

Dens invaginatus and dens evaginate ordens in dente or tooth within a toothExaggeration or accentuation of the lingualpit

The cause is unknown



Vi. Acquired tooth wear

* attrition(clenching and grinding, age)* abrasion( mechanical wear, wrong brushing

technique, biting pen or hard object)

* erosion (citrus fruits, acid containing drinks)



discoloration

- extrinsic e.g. external stain(food, drinks,smoking)

- intrinsic e.g. dental fluorosis



Accidental traumatic fracture of teeth.



2. RESTORATION:Is an artificial substitute which replace the

missing portion of the hard tooth tissues.Restorations must not only retain the tooth to itsnormal form, function, strength, and esthetic, butthey must also provide for the health of the

supporting tissues.Faulty restorations are a common etiologicalfactor of periodontal disease. An unfavorableresponse of the periodontium will result inocclusal disharmonies. If not corrected, thus

causing traumatic occlusion.



DENTAL CARIES DEFINITION ³ It is a disease of the calcified tissues of theteeth, characterized by a demineralization of the inorganic portion and destruction of theorganic substance of the tooth´



CAVITY

The term cavity refers to a defect inenamel, or in enamel and dentin, usually resulting from the pathologic process of

dental caries.



Prepared cavities The performance of those

dental surgical procedures required to expose thecarious lesion, permit removal of affected tissues,and so shape the remaining dentin and enamel asto contribute to biologically and mechanically sound restoration

.



RESTORA TIV E MA TER I ALSThe replacement of lost hard tooth structure cannot be

achieved without using the proper restorative dentalmaterials. This include:a. Temporary restorative materials

b. Permanent restorative materials



PERMANENT RESTORA TIV E MA TER I ALS INCLUDE

Metal Polymers

Composite resinGlass-ionomer-cements

Acrylic

Ceramics

porcelain AmalgamGoldNoble metalCobalt-chromium-alloysNickel-chromium-alloya



PERMANENT RESTORA TIV E MA TER I ALSDirect restorative materials

* Esthetic restorative materials (composite resin,Glass- ionomer cements and compomer)

* Metalic restoration (amalgam, gold foil)

Indirect restorative materials* Cast gold restoration

* Porcelain* Castable ceramic restoration



OBJECTIV E OF OPERA TIV EDENTISTRY

Operative dentistry has five fundamentalaims

1. Diagnosis2. Prevention3. Interception4. Preservation5. Restoration



DIAGNOSIS

Proper diagnosis of lesions including their* location* extent

Correct treatment planning including

* the design of tooth preparation* the selection of restorative materials and

procedure



PRE V ENTION

The ultimate aim regarding dental caries is itsprevention, therefore, every step of an operativeprocedure must emphasize this. For example,

* Location of the margins* The shape (contour) of the final restoration

* Sealing of enamel faults- pits and fissuresPrevents any recurrence of decay and theirdefects



INTER CEPTION

This procedure in operative dentistry refers topreventing further loss of tooth structure by stabilizingan active disease process



PRESER V A TION

This includes* The vitality of the affected tooth* Re establishing of the important anatomy in

remaining sound tooth structure



RESTORA TIONThe ultimate goal of operative dentistry treatment should

be restoration of health. This will include Restoring and maintaining form, function, phonetics

and esthetics Occlusal re establishment and stability

Not only to the teeth themselves, but also to theirsurrounding supporting tissues and to the entirestomatognathic system and to the welfare of the

whole patient.



To achieve the ultimate goals of operative

dentistry, any restorative performance,requires

Sound clinical judgment in both mechanical and biological based on scientific and artistic knowledge

A high level of psychomotor skill ³Precision´.Operative dentistry demands a unique combination of psychomotor and affective skills.

definition, scope, and objective of 111 rds

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