decommissioning of community structures · 2018-05-12 · decommissioning of community structures...

SHELTER/NFI SECTOR

COX’S BAZAR

Shelter and Site Improvements TWiGDecommissioning of Community Structures v1 12.5.2018

SITE MANAGEMENTSECTOR

COX’S BAZAR

Decommissioning of Community Structures

SHELTER/NFI SECTOR

COX’S BAZAR



COX’S BAZAR

This is a generic guide on decommissioning of community structures. It covers temporary structures made of lightweight materials that are constructed above ground level.

PURPOSE OF THIS GUIDE

Initial stage of decommissioning (to be done in coordination with your Sector, Site Management Support Agency and CiC):

- If there is space available identify new location for the facility in the area, as per plot allocation SOP.

- Community messaging – inform community of the decommissioning, new location where services will be provided.

- Secure and remove all movable assets.- Disconnect facility from the services if any (electricity,

water). If solar panels are used remove them carefully.

Section 1: Plan for decommissioningSection 2: Decommissioning Section 3: After decommissioning

Materials not covered in this guidance:

o Cement plaster

o Concrete

o Reinforced concrete

o Brick

o Mud

Safety warning

Highlighted information:

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Identify materials used in the structure:- What materials can be reused- Materials used will inform you on the tools and techniques

needed for the decommissioning

Section 1: Plan for decommissioning

Tools needed:

For CGI, plain galvanized sheet and wood:

For bamboo and rope :

Crowbar Claw hammer

Wire cutter

Machete

For tie wire:

Wood saw

Thick rope

For all structures:

Box knife Ladder

For bolts:

Adjustable wrench 2X

Structuralmaterial

Cladding Fasteners Tools needed

Bamboo(borak and muli)

• Bamboo matting / bamboo fence

• Bamboo tiara• Tarpaulin / plastic

sheeting / plastic mash

• Sun/Chhan grass

Rope Box knife, machete

Tie wire/ galvanizedwire

Wire cutters

Bolts – metal straps Adjustable wrench 2x

Bamboo Machete

Wood • Bamboo matting / bamboo fence

• Bamboo tiara• Tarpaulin / plastic

sheeting / plastic mash

• CGI, Plain galvanized sheet (colour sheet)

• Sun/Chhan grass

Rope Box knife, machete

Tie wire/ galvanizedwire

Wire cutters

Bolts – metal straps Adjustable wrench 2x

Nails Craw bar/ claw hammer

Screws Screw driver

Wood Wood saw

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Staffing for decommissioning:- Decommissioning is technically complex and dangerous process – skilled workers are needed- It is essential to have more then one person working on site at any time- Estimate the number of skilled and unskilled persons that will be needed

o For wooden structures –carpenters

o For bamboo structures –workers skilled in bamboo construction

Skilled workers: Unskilled workers:

o Workers supporting skilled workers (team up with skilled worker)

o Workers stacking up materials

o Workers carrying materials off the site

o Securing the site

o At least one present at all times to ensure there are no children on site

Volunteers:

PPE (personal protective equipment):

For CGI, plain galvanized sheet and wood:

Safety glasses Gloves

For all structures:

Closed shoes

Supervisor:

o Prepare plan for deconstruction

o Constantly supervise to avoid accidents

Hard hat

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Safety and Security:- First aid kit always on the site- Identify closest medical facility and the fastest route to it- Preferably have person trained for first aid in the team carrying out deconstruction

o Mark decommissioning area with rope or plastic fence

o The distance between structure being deconstructed and edge of decommissioning area has to be minimum the same as the height of the structure

Securing the site during work time:

o Drop-off or temporary material storage area has to be secured as well

o If there are shelters or other structures within decommissioning area, temporarily evacuate them prior to deconstruction

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Securing the site after work:

o If decommissioning is not completed within 1 day ensure that there are no materials left on the site.

o No elements are unsupported or in danger of collapsing.

o Inform community that decommissioning is not completed and when you will return.

o Request community to keep an eye on the structure and keep children away from it.

o Keep security guard on the site after the work hours.

What to do with materials: Prior to decommissioning it is essential that you establish (plan for) what will happen to the materials.

Unsupported rafters and posts

Ring beam and ridge beam are keeping structure together

Bracing in walls and purlins in roof make it even more stable

Materials in good conditiono Reuse materials in new structureso Strengthening existing structures that do not need to

be decommissionedo Donate materials to the community

CGI – It is necessary to remove all CGI from the camps or other areas where structures are decommissioned to avoid damage that it could cause in case of strong wind. Even if CGI can be reused – use of CGI is strongly discouraged.

Damaged/broken/torn materials:o CGI, nails, bolts, screws, metal straps: Can be sold as scrap

metal. o Wood, bamboo, bamboo fence/walling, bamboo tiara: can

be given to workers or community for cooking fuel.o Concrete: if smashed it can be reused as aggregate.o Plastic sheeting, tarpaulin: When the damage is minor it can

be cut up and pieces reused. When it is severely damaged:• Identify location where it can be buried (in

coordination with CiC)• Burry it at least 1.5m above the water level. If the

water level is high, then the wieder pit can be excavated to accommodate the trash. Ensure that there is about 1m of soil on the top to cater for erosion during the rains. (WASH Sector recommendation)

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Storage of materials next to the structure being decommissioned (‘’drop off point’’):

Longer term storage – off site:

o Store materials temporarily as close to the structure being deconstructed as possible.

o When storing/dropping off materials, separate them based on the type of material and if it can be reused or not. Doing this immediately will make material/debris piles safer and easier to handle.

o Do not leave materials there after work hours.

o Identify long term storage area prior to decommissioning. o When materials are stored for longer term it is necessary to keep

them securely tied down so they do not get airborne during strong wind.

Donation to the community:

o Advisable to donate for the specific purpose (strengthening existing structures).

o Donate to community associations and not to individuals to avoid tensions within the community.

o Provide technical support so materials are used properly.

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Decommissioning should be done from roof to foundations. Start with the elements that are not load bearing and form the external layers (roof cover, wall cladding, etc.). There are two main approaches to decommissioning of the buildings. They both have their advantages and disadvantages. The distinction between them is the order in which the parts of structure are removed.

Section 2: Decommissioning

Removal of individual components – upside down approach: Start with removal of roof cover and roof structure and then followed by removal of wall cladding and wall structure.

Outside in approach: Start with the elements that are not load bearing and present the external layers – roof cover, wall cladding.

Do not remove any wall structure before roofing and roof structure are removed.

o Materials can be easily passed through the structure while being removed.

o Roofing and wall cladding are not obstructing removal of wall and rood structure.

o Scaffolding set up for removal of roofing has to be removed so wall cladding can be removed and then set up again prior the roof structure deconstruction.

o Scaffolding and supports for roofing and roof structure need to be set up only once.

o If decommissioning of the walls is planned for the next day, site is easy to secure.

o Wall cladding can obstruct removal of the roof structure.

Remove roof cover.

Remove doors and windows.

Remove wall cover.

Remove roof

structure.

Remove main

structure.

Remove roof

structure.

Remove doors and windows.

Remove wall cover.

Outside in approach

Upside down approach

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o Inspect the roof from inside to assess if it can take the weight of workers working on it (lose connections, etc.). If necessary, fasten the connections and brace additionally from underneath. Step only on rafters.

o Ensure there is no one in the building when roof is being taken down.

Tarpaulin roof with bamboo tiara:

Sun/ Chhan grass used on the top of tarpaulin or CGI

1. Remove muli or ropes tying down Sun/Chhan grass

2. Remove Sun/Chhangrass (it has sharp edges – use gloves)

1. Untie and remove muli on the top of tiara

2. Pull off tiara. Tiara can be reused – no need to disassemble it.

3. Pull off tarpaulin.

1. Remove objects on the roof

2. Untie/cut ropes

3. Pull off tarpaulin.

2.1: Removing roof cover2.1.1: Grass and tarpaulin:

Tarpaulin roof with ropes:

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1. Untie and remove muli on the top of CGI.

Use gloves when working with CGI

2. Unbend nails and hammer them up. Work from under the roof.

Use claw hammer

Use nail puller

4. Start with ridge roll.

3. Pull out the nails. Work from the top of the roof.

5. Remove all the top sheets first. One sheet at the time.

6. Then remove bottom sheets.

2.1.2: CGI (corrugated galvanized iron):

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Part of the structure Steps Tools needed Safety

Sun/Chhon grass on the top of roofing materials

1. Remove muli tying grass down2. Remove grass

Boxknife/machete Ladder

Make sure roof structure can carry weight of workers working on it.Make sure there is no one in the building while this work is ongoing.

Tarpaulin/plastic sheet roofing tied down with bamboo tiara

1. Remove any objects on the top of the roof

2. Untie muli and remove it3. Pull off tiara4. Pull off tarpaulin

Tarpaulin/plastic sheet roofing tied down with rope

1. Remove any objects on the top of the roof

2. Untie or cut ropes and remove them3. Pull off tarpaulin

CGI roofing 1. If tied down with rope cut or untie and remove rope

2. Unbend nails fastening CGI to purlins3. Hammer nails from below up4. Remove nails from CGI (one sheet at

the time – starting with ridge role and then top sheets down)

Claw hammer, crow bar, ladder

Summary – roofing material removal

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1. Cut rope/wire connecting window to the frame.

1. Cut wire/rope tying split bamboo to the bamboo frame (undo the hinge)

2.2: Removing doors and windows:It is advisable to remove doors and windows as a complete piece as they can be reused.

2. Remove whole window.

2. Lift door out of floor ‘’hinge’’

2. Remove doors.

1. Remove hinges.

3. Cut wire (or remove nails) tying wooden frame to bamboo and remove frame.

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It is advisable to remove doors and windows as a piece and then reuse them.

Removing door (bamboo) 1. Cut ties connecting split bamboo to the main structure – creating the top hinge.

2. Remove split bamboo.3. Lift the door out of larger bamboo –

bottom hinge.

Boxknife/machete Ladder, tie wire cutter

Removing door (wood with plain metal sheet)

1. Remove hinges (usually nails or screws)

2. Lift the door and take them out.3. Cut wire connecting the door frame

to bamboo frame – or remove nails/screws connecting wooden frame to bamboo frame.

4. Remove wooden frame.

Craw bar, wire cutter, box knife

Removing windows (if windows are wooden frame with plain metal sheet follow the same process as for wooden door with plain metal sheet)

1. Cut rope/wire connecting bamboowindow to main bamboo frame of the house.

2. Remove window.


Summary – windows and doors removal:

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CGI wall

Woven bamboo fence (mat)

Tarpaulin wall with bamboo tiara

1. Cut and remove tie wire or rope connecting cladding to cladding support/muli.

2. Remove cladding support/muli.

3. Remove cladding.

If CGI is fixed to the wooden frame use the same approach as for removal of CGI roof (page 12).

2.3: Removing wall cover:

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CGI sheets 1. If attached using bamboo – untie/cut rope/tie wire and remove muli

2. Unbend nails fastening CGI to wooden support

3. Hammer nails from behind to push them out of wood

4. Remove nails from CGI5. Remove CGI

Claw hammer, crow bar

When handling CGI use gloves.

Tarpaulin/plastic sheet tied down with bamboo tiara

1. Untie muli2. Untie/cut rope/wire tying tiara to muli3. Remove muli4. Pull off tiara5. Pull off tarpaulin6. If there is tiara on the inner side untie it

from the wall support muli and remove it.


Woven bamboo walling/bamboo mat fence

1. Untie muli2. Untie/cut wire/rope tying woven

bamboo fence (screen) to muli3. Remove muli4. Remove woven bamboo fence (screen)

Summary – wall cladding removal:

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1. Cut rope tying bottom bamboo tiara to purlins.

3. Cut rope tying purlins to rafters. Do one purlin at the time.

2. Remove bottom bamboo tiara.

4. Remove purlins.

5. Cut rope and remove rafters.

6. Cut rope and remove ridge.

7. Cut rope and remove posts supporting ridge.

2.4: Removing roof structure2.4.1: Bamboo roof structure: a) If ridge is supported with posts (hipped roof):

b) If queen posts are used:

5. Support the ridge.

7. Remove rafters.

6. Remove queen posts.

8. Remove supports and ridge beam.

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Tiara under roofing material 1. Cut rope/wire tying tiara to purlins2. Pull off tiara Box knife, ladder

Purlins 1. Cut rope connecting purlins to rafters2. Remove purlins

Boxknife/machete Ladder, tie wire cutter, ladder, hammer (if dowels are used).

If dowels are used, remove them prior transportingand storing materials.

Wearing hard hat is advisable.

a) Ridge is supported with posts (hipped roof)

Rafters 1. Cut rope/wire tying rafters to ridge and ring beam – If no ridge beam then to ring beam on both sides

2. Remove rafters

Ridge, posts supporting the ridge 1. Untie ridge and remove it2. Untie queen and king posts tied do

tie beam and remove them

b) Queen posts

1. Put supports for the ridge2. Remove queen post3. Remove purlins4. Remove supports and ridge beam

Summary – removing bamboo roof structure:

If this stage is taking place close to the end of work day stop here and continue next day. After you removed purlins whole roof structure needs to be removed before leaving the site.

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1. Remove purlins from rafters. Start with top and move towards the bottom – use craw bar or claw hammer.

2. Provide strong and stable support for ridge beam (brown on graphic).

3. Remove collar ties (red on the graphic).

4. Remove middle rafters.

5. Remove corner rafters.

6. Collapse supports for the ridge after all rafters are removed.

Remove all roof structure in one day.

2.4: Removing roof structure2.4.2: Wood roof structure:

2 & 6

3 4

5

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Purlins 1. If cleats or hurricane straps are used to tie purlins to rafters, remove them first

2. Remove nails connecting purlins to rafters.3. Remove purlins

Craw bar/claw hammer, ladder

Some of this work will take place on the roof structure. Ensure that roof structure can carry the load of the workersworking on it.

Bamboo, machete, rope, ladder

Collar ties 1. Remove nails connecting collar ties to rafters2. Remove collar ties

Craw bar, claw hammer, ladder

Middle rafters 1. Remove nails connecting rafters to the wall plate/ring beam and to the ridge beam

2. Remove middle rafters

Corner rafters 1. Remove nails connecting rafters to the wall plate/ring beam and to the ridge beam

2. Remove corner rafters

Ridge beam 1. Collapse supports holding up the ridge beam Stay away from the structure.

Summary – removing wooden roof structure:

Remove all the wooden roof structure in one day.

It is essential that support for the ridge beam is provided prior to undertaking the following steps. Support needs to be sturdy and stable if possible braced.

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2. Remove ring beam/wall plate.

Bamboo buried in soil.

3. Remove support for wall cladding/fence as well as bottom beam.

4. Remove Bracing.

If there is rope bracing tightened using tourniquet method –untwist it prior to cutting/untying.

Dig hole large enough to take in account ‘cross’ bamboo and then remove it.

Bamboo buried in concrete.

Cut off bamboo post just above the concrete. If possible smash and remove concrete.

Bamboo bolted to concrete foundation using metal straps.

Unscrew bolts using 2 adjustable wrenches and remove bamboo post.

Cut off metal straps.

orBend metal straps and cover them with piece of borak.

1. Remove tie beam/cross beam.

2.5: Removing main structure

If possible smash and remove concrete.

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Tie beam/cross beam 1. Untie/cut ropes tying tie beam to posts or/and ring beam (wall plate)

2. Remove tie beam

Boxknife/machete, wire cutter, hammer (if dowels are used)

Ring beam/wall plate 1. Untie/cut ropes tying ring beam (wall plate) to posts

2. Remove ring beam (wall plate)

Wall cladding support 1. Untie/cut ropes tying wall cladding (fence) supports to posts and bracing

2. Remove wall cladding (fence) supports

Bamboo bracing 1. Untie/cut ropes tying bracing to posts2. Remove braces

Rope bracing 1. If tourniquet method is used, make sure you untwist rope first

2. Cut and remove rope

Summary – removing main bamboo structure:

If this stage is taking place close to the end of work day stop here and continue next day. After you removed tie beam whole main structure needs to be removed before leaving the site.

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Post buried in soil 1. Dig post out – make sure hole is wideenough to remove ‘’bamboo cross’’ as well.

Shovel

Post buried in concrete 1. Cut off post just above the concrete machete/saw

Post bolted to concrete foundation using metal straps

1. Unscrew bolts2. Remove post3. Bend metal straps and protect them

with peace of borak or cut away metal straps

Adjustable wrench 2x

Summary – removing bamboo posts:

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Remove mulior ropes

tying down Sun/Chhan

grass.

Remove Sun/Chhan

grass.

Untie and remove muli on

the top of tiara.

Pull off

tiara.

Remove objects on the roof.

Untie/cut

ropes.

Pull of tarpaulin.

Untie and remove muli on

the top of CGI.

Unbend nails connecting

CGI to purlins and hammer

them up.

Pull of nails

from the top of the

roof.

Remove ridge roll

first.

Remove top CGI sheets first.

Remove bottom sheets.

Undo the

hinges.

Remove doors/

windows.

Cut rope/wire connecting cladding to

cladding support.

Remove cladding support/

muli.

Remove wall

cladding.

Cut rope/wire connecting

bottom bamboo tiara to purlins.

Remove bottom bamboo

tiara.

Cut rope/wire connecting bamboo

to rafters. One purlin at the time.

Remove purlins.

Remove rafters.

Remove ridge.

Remove posts

supporting ridge.

Remove queen posts.

Support the

ridge.

Remove rafters.

Remove ridge.

Provide strong stable support for the ridge

beam.

Remove purlins.

Remove collar ties.

Remove middle rafters.

Remove corner rafters.

Collapse supports.

Remove tie beam/ cross beam.

Remove ring beam/ wall plate.

Remove support for walling.

Remove bracing.

Dig hole and

remove posts.

Cut post just above

the concrete.

Bamboo tiara on the top of tarpaulin.

CGI roofing

Tarpaulin with rope

Option A:

Option B:

Bamboo roof structure:

Wooden roof structure:

Hipped roof:

Gable roof:

Do all in one day

Do all in one day

Decommissioning flow chart:

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Clear the site:o Ensure there is no debris left on the site after deconstruction.o Pay special attention to pieces of tie wire and nails as leaving them

discarded on site might cause injuries to children and people walking barefoot.

o Remove all materials from the site. o If there are any holes fill them with soil and compact adequately.

Section 3: After decommissioning

decommissioning of community structures · 2018-05-12 · decommissioning of community structures...

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