dairy marketing dr. roger ginder econ 338a fall 2009 lecture # 4
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Dairy Marketing Dr. Roger Ginder Econ 338a Fall 2009 Lecture # 4. Number of Dairy Cows, U.S. The Number of Dairy Cows Reached a Low of About 9.01 Million in 2004 Since Then the Number of Cows Has Risen to About 9.31 Million—Nearly as High as 1996 - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Dairy MarketingDr. Roger Ginder
Econ 338a
Fall 2009
Lecture # 4
Number of Dairy Cows, U.S
• The Number of Dairy Cows Reached a Low of About 9.01 Million in 2004
• Since Then the Number of Cows Has Risen to About 9.31 Million—Nearly as High as 1996
• What Do Think the Impact of this Change Will Be?
• What Can or Should Be Done to Change This Trend?
Number of Dairy Cows, IowaNumber of Dairy Cows, Iowa
264255 251
241230 225 220 215 210 209 201 193 194
205 213 216
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
93 94 95 96 97 98 99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08
Th
ou
san
ds
of
Co
ws
Source: NASS, USDA, on-line database, 3/23/09
Number of Dairy Cows,Selected States
Number of Dairy Cows,Selected States
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
1974 1978 1982 1987 1992 1997 1997adj
2002 2005 2008
Iowa Minnesota New York Wisconsin California
Source: Census of Agriculture, NASS, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture
Dairy Farms by Herd Size
Iowa, 1997
10%34%
35%
21%
1 to 19 cows 20 to 49 cows
50 to 99 cows 100+ cows
Iowa, 2002
16%
31%
29%
24%
1 to 19 cows 20 to 49 cows
50 to 99 cows 100+ cows
Source: Census of Agriculture, NASS, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture
Dairy Farms by Herd Size
Iowa, 2003
18%
33%
25%
24%
1 to 29 cows 30 to 49 cows
50 to 99 cows 100+ cows
Iowa, 2007
22%
30%
19%
29%
1 to 29 cows 30 to 49 cows
50 to 99 cows 100+ cows
Source: Census of Agriculture, NASS, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture
Dairy Farms by Herd SizeDairy Farms by Herd Size
New York, 2007
22%
19%
34%
25%
1 to 29 cows 30 to 49 cows
50 to 99 cows 100+ cows
Source: Census of Agriculture, NASS, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture
New York, 2003
18%
18%
39%
25%
1 to 19 cows 20 to 49 cows
50 to 99 cows 100+ cows
Dairy Farms by Herd SizeDairy Farms by Herd Size
California, 2007
22%
2%
74%
2%
1 to 29 cows 30 to 49 cows
50 to 99 cows 100+ cows
Source: Census of Agriculture, NASS, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture
California, 2003
13%
3%81%
3%
1 to 29 cows 30 to 49 cows
50 to 99 cows 100+ cows
Average Number of Cows Per Farm, U.S.Average Number of Cows Per Farm, U.S.
26 33 3950
6178 73
99
121
142
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
1974 1978 1982 1987 1992 1997 1997adj
2002 2006 2008
Source: Census of Agriculture, NASS, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture
Average Number of Cows Per Farm in Iowa
22 2732
3844
53 52
68
86
113
0102030405060708090
100110120
1974 1978 1982 1987 1992 1997 1997adj
2002 2006 2008
Source: Census of Agriculture, NASS, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture
Average Number of Cows Per Farm, Selected States
Average Number of Cows Per Farm, Selected States
0100200300400500600700800900
Iowa Minnesota New York Wisconsin California
Source: Census of Agriculture, NASS, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture
Production Per Cow, U.S.Production Per Cow, U.S.
14.19 14.7815.57
16.18 16.4317.19
18.20 18.61 18.9619.97 20.4619.5818.76
18.1417.7716.8716.41
15.7215.0314.32
20.28
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
88 90 92 94 96 98 '00
'02
'04
'06
'08
Th
ou
san
ds
of
Po
un
ds
of
Milk
Source: NASS, USDA, on-line database, 3.23.09
Production Per Cow in Iowa
13.6515.12 14.95 15.53 15.70
17.1718.30 18.20
19.91 20.13 20.00
20.0920.72
18.9618.0217.52
16.0616.1215.3615.1014.64
0
5
10
15
20
25
Th
ou
san
ds
of
Po
un
ds
of
Milk
Source: NASS, USDA, on-line database, 3/21/09
Production Per Cow, Selected StatesProduction Per Cow, Selected States
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
Po
un
ds o
f M
ilk
Iowa Minnesota New York Wisconsin California
Source: NASS, USDA, on-line database, 3/21/09
USDA, Federal Milk Market Administrator, Tulsa, 2/2005
USDA, Federal Milk Market Administrator, Tulsa, 2/2009
Number of Cows & Production Per Cow, U.S.
Number of Cows & Production Per Cow, U.S.
8,4008,6008,8009,0009,2009,4009,6009,800
10,00010,20010,400
88 90 92 94 96 98 '00
'02
'04
'06
'08
Th
ou
san
ds
of
Co
ws
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
Lb
s. of M
ilk
Number of Cows Production Per Cow
Source: NASS, USDA, on-line database, 3/21/09
U.S.DAIRY PRODUCTION--SUPPLY
• The Production “Plant”– Production Systems used– Producer Size Vs. Production Share
• Geographic Distribution of Production– Increases– Decreases
GENERAL PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
Tie stall or stanchion
Traditional
Modern (humid and arid )
Modern (dry lot)
Rotational grazing
DAIRY PRODUCTION METHODS AND FACILITIES
• Tie stall (stanchion) barn system– Cows tethered, milked, bedded in
stall– Milking unit moved stall-to-stall– Pipeline system through barn– Feed brought to cow– Loft and silo for feed– Smaller operations (less 100 cows)
DAIRY PRODUCTION METHODS AND FACILITIES
• Advantages to Tie Stall System– Suited to cold weather– Cow comfort in winter– Aesthetics for many– Existing system On many farms
DAIRY PRODUCTION METHODS AND FACILTIES
• Problems With Tie Stall System– Labor intensive– High cost - $7,000-$10,000/cow
(with land and cows)– Expansion is difficult– Purchasing and handling
ingredients in volume can be difficult
DAIRY PRODUCTION METHODS AND FACILITIES
• Tie stall (stanchion) barn system– Cows tethered, milked, bedded in
stall– Milking unit moved stall-to-stall– Pipeline system through barn– Feed brought to cow– Loft and silo for feed– Smaller operations (less 100 cows)
DAIRY PRODUCTION METHODS AND FACILITIES
• “Traditional” system– Milking and housing are separated– Housing in some type of
confinement system• Concrete corrals• “Utah” stalls (open with roof over
head)• Free stall housing (dry stalls)
DAIRY PRODUCTION METHODS AND FACILITIES
• Feeding down middle and/or on sides• Feed pelleted concentrate in parlor
and forage is fed outside• OR total mixed ration of concentrate
and forage is fed• Parlor milking of cows
– Flat barn– Four on a side end-to-end– Herringbone
DAIRY PRODUCTION METHODS AND FACILITIES
• Advantages—Traditional System– Adaptable to climate variability– Adapted to home production of
forages/grains– Adaptable to diversified family farm
• Problems– Labor requirements– Cost $4,000-$7,000/cow (with land and
cows)– Smaller size and input purchasing levels
DAIRY PRODUCTION METHODS AND FACILITIES
• “Modern” free stall system --- Humid Areas– Free stall housing– Lagoon Manure Storage– Modern parlors– Free stall in humid areas
• Ventilation• Flush systems for waste in parlor• Flushing in concrete walkways and free
stalls
DAIRY PRODUCTION METHODS AND FACILITIES
• “Modern” free stall system—Arid – Similar Free stall housing With
larger parlors– Reuse water 2 or 3 times– Free stall in arid areas
• Open sides • Fans during hot months• Flush systems for waste in parlor• Flushing in concrete walkways and free
stalls
DAIRY PRODUCTION METHODS AND FACILITIES
• Milking Parlors – High Capacity– Many use 3X milking schedule– Operate more or less continuously 24/7– Large bulk tank capacity geared to
tanker pickup
DAIRY PRODUCTION METHODS AND FACILITIES
• Manure Handling in “Modern” Free Stall Operations in the Arid Areas– More Water is used than in drylot– Water May Be Used Multiple Times– Flush Water Has to be Managed To
Meet Environmental Regs.
Questions?