cs10101001 computer graphicscs1.tongji.edu.cn/courses/cs100433/pdf/cs100433/2019_1... ·...
TRANSCRIPT
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CS100433
Computer Graphics计算机图形学
Junqiao Zhao 赵君峤
Department of Computer Science and Technology
College of Electronics and Information Engineering
Tongji University
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Welcome to CS100433!
•Computer Graphics
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Overview
• 2 credits elective course for undergraduate level
• CG course team• Dr. Junqiao ZHAO (赵君峤)
• Prof. Xiaoping WANG (王小平)
• Course website• cs1.tongji.edu.cn/courses/CS100433/
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My Contact Info.
• Email:• [email protected]
• Office: • 232 Room SEE Building
• Piazza• piazza.com/tongji.edu.cn/fall2019/cs100433
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Goal of This Course
• Principles of Computer Graphics• Math
• Algorithms
• Modern OpenGL• Version 3.3 + (date back to 2010)
• Will not cover:• How to use CG software to create CG contents.
• Advanced graphics techniques, such as deferred lighting
• Animation techniques
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Textbook
• Donald Hearn, M. Pauline Baker, 2012, Computer Graphics with OpenGLFourth Edition, Prentice Hall. 《国外计算机科学教材系列:计算机图形学(第4版)(英文版)》, 电子工业出版社, 第1版 (2012年2月1日)。
• Dave Shreiner, Graham Sellers, John Kessenich, Bill Licea-Kane, 2013,OpenGL Programming Guide:the Official Guide to Learning OpenGL,Version 4.3, Eighth Edition, Addison-Wesley Professional. 《华章程序员书库:OpenGL编程指南(原书第8版)》, 机械工业出版社; 第1版 (2014年10月1日)。
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Prerequisites
• Programming skills in C and C++
• Data structures• Arrays• Linked list• Tree/Graph
• Linear Algebra• Vector• Matrix
• Geometry• Point, line, surface, polyhedron
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Course Grading
• Assignments• Four assignments
• Questions and Programs
• Group project• Work in a group of maximum 7 students
• Three phases (start on the 9th week)• Proposal
• MidTerm
• Final Defense
• Exam
10%
30%
60%
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References
• Please see the website:• cs1.tongji.edu.cn/courses/CS100433
• Be self-motivated!
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•Questions?
•We need a course assistant.
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•What do you think is Computer Graphics?
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What is Computer Graphics?
• A sub-field of computer science which studiesmethods for digitally synthesizing and manipulatingvisual content – Wikipedia
• The study of creating, manipulating, and usingvisual images in the computer – Steve Marschner
• Computer graphics deals with all aspects ofcreating images with a computer – Ed Angel• Hardware
• Software
• Applications
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What is Computer Graphics?
• Geometry: studies ways to represent and process surfaces/primitives
• Rendering: studies algorithms to reproduce light transmission
• Animation: studies with ways to represent and manipulate motion
• Imaging: studies image acquisition or image editing
• Topology: studies the behavior of spaces and surfaces.
• VR/AR: studies the interaction between virtual world and the reality
• Machine Learning
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•Computer Graphics vs Computer Vision
•Computer Graphics vs Image Processing
•Computer Graphics vs Virtual Reality
•Virtual Reality vs Augment Reality
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Microsoft HoloLens
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•How is an image generated on your screen?
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(Angel 2005)
Basic Graphics System
Input devices
Output device
Image formed in FB
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Graphics / Rendering Pipeline
• There are three stages • Application Stage
• Geometry Stage
• Rasterization Stage
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An example thro’ the pipeline…
The scene we are trying to represent:
Images courtesy of Picture Inc.
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Preparing Shape ModelsDesigned by polygons, parametric curves/surfaces,
implicit surfaces and etc.
Defined in its own coordinate system
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Transformation
02/09/2019 Lecture 1 21
Objects put into the scene by applying translation, scaling and rotation
Linear transformation called homogeneous transformation is used
The location of all the vertices are updated by this transformation
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Projection
02/09/2019 Lecture 1
We want to create a picture of the scene viewed from the camera
We apply a perspective transformation to convert the 3D coordinates
to 2D coordinates of the screen
Objects far away appear smaller, closer objects appear bigger
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Hidden Surface Removal
Lecture 1
⚫Objects occluded by other objects must not be drawn
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Shading : Constant Shading - Ambient
⚫Objects colours by its own colour
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Shading
⚫Now we need to decide the colour of each pixels taking into account
the object’s colour, lighting condition and the camera position
Object
light source
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Shading – Flat Shading
Objects coloured based on its own colour and the lighting condition
One colour for one face
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Gouraud shading, no specular highlights
⚫Lighting calculation per vertex
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Phong shading
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Next, the Imaging Pipeline
Rasterization and Sampling
Texture Mapping
Image Composition
Intensity and Colour Quantization
Geometry
Framebuffer/Display
Pipeline
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Rasterization
• Converts the vertex information output by the geometry pipeline into pixel information needed by the video display
• Aliasing: distortion artefacts produced when representing a high-resolution signal at a lower resolution.
• Anti-aliasing : technique to remove aliasing
30
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Texture mapping
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Reflections, shadows & Bump mapping
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More advanced: Global Illumination
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• Questions?
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Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Computer Graphics: 1950-1960
• Computer graphics goes back to the earliest days of computing• Strip charts
• Pen plotters
• Simple displays using A/D converters to go from computer to calligraphic CRT
• Cost of refresh for CRT too high • Computers slow, expensive, unreliable
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(SAGE project)
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Computer Graphics: 1960-1970
• Wireframe graphics• Draw only lines
• Sketchpad
• Display Processors
• Bézier curve
wireframe representationof an object
(Angel 2005)
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Sketchpad
• Ivan Sutherland’s PhD thesis at MIT• Recognized the potential of man-machine interaction
• Loop• Display something
• User moves light pen
• Computer generates new display
• Sutherland also created many of the now common algorithms for computer graphics
• HMD
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http://www.ifanr.com/231110
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Computer Graphics: 1970-1980
• Raster Graphics
• Gouraudshading and Blinn-Phong shading
• University of Utah• Edwin Catmull Pixar.
• John Warnock Adobe
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Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Raster Graphics
• Image produced as an array (the raster) of picture elements (pixels) in the frame buffer
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Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Computer Graphics: 1980-1990
Realism comes to computer graphics
smooth shading environmentmapping
bump mapping
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Computer Graphics: 1980-1990
• Special purpose hardware• Silicon Graphics geometry engine
• VLSI implementation of graphics pipeline
• Industry-based standards• PHIGS
• RenderMan
• Graphical user interfaces (GUI)• Macintosh
• Computer generated images CGI • Star Trek
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The Enterprise
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Computer Graphics: 1990-2000
• OpenGL API (1992)
• Completely computer-generated feature-length movies (Toy Story) are successful
• New hardware capabilities• Texture mapping
• Blending
• Accumulation, stencil buffers
• Autodesk
• Id software
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1995 Toy Story
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Computer Graphics: 2000-2010
• Photorealism
• Graphics cards for PCs dominate market• Nvidia, ATI, 3DLabs
• Game boxes and game players determine direction of market
• Computer graphics routine in movie industry: Maya, Lightwave
• Programmable pipelines• GPU
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Computer Graphics: 2010-
• Real-time Photorealism
• GPGPU• CUDA, OpenCL
• Cloud/Streaming Graphics• Nvidia Grid
• Mobile/Web Graphics• WebGL
• Advanced HCI• Kinect• Hololens
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The evolving of Graphics Pipeline
(Intel)
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Ray-tracing
• Ancient but also modern
• Nvidia RTK built with ray-tracing core!• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5dRKOMAOdwE
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•Questions?
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Graphics Applications
• Entertainment• film production• film effects• games
• Science and engineering• computer-aided design• visualization (scientific, information)
• Virtual Prototyping
• Cultural Heritage
• Training & Simulation
• Graphic Arts, Fine Art
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Graphics Applications
• Entertainment• film production• film effects• games
• Science and engineering• computer-aided design• visualization (scientific, information)
• Virtual Prototyping
• Cultural Heritage
• Training & Simulation
• Graphic Arts, Fine Art
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Graphics Applications
• Entertainment• film production• film effects• games
• Science and engineering• computer-aided design• visualization (scientific, information)
• Virtual Prototyping
• Cultural Heritage
• Training & Simulation
• Graphic Arts, Fine Art
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Dassault Catia
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Dassault Solidworks
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Courtesy to Rotterdam municipality
Planning
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(Courtesy to Sisi)
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Graphics Applications
• Entertainment• film production• film effects• games
• Science and engineering• computer-aided design• visualization (scientific, information)
• Virtual Prototyping
• Cultural Heritage
• Training & Simulation
• Graphic Arts, Fine Art
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Autodesk 360
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Graphics Applications
• Entertainment• film production• film effects• games
• Science and engineering• computer-aided design• visualization (scientific, information)
• Virtual Prototyping
• Cultural Heritage
• Training & Simulation
• Graphic Arts, Fine Art
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The Digital Michelangelo Project
Marc Levoy
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The Virtual Pompeii
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Courtesy to ESRI
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Courtesy to ESRI
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Graphics Applications
• Entertainment• film production• film effects• games
• Science and engineering• computer-aided design• visualization (scientific, information)
• Virtual Prototyping
• Cultural Heritage
• Training & Simulation
• Graphic Arts, Fine Art
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3D Printing
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The Course Layout
• Part 1 Introduction• Introduction to Computer Graphics
• Applications
• History
• Basic Viewing and Modeling• Graphics Pipeline
• 2D and 3D viewing basics
• Geometric models
• Introduction to Modern OpenGL• GLSL
• Simple program
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The Course Layout
• Part 2 Viewing• 2D and 3D Transformation
• Coordinate frames• Homogeneous coordinates• Affined transformations
• 2D and 3D Viewing• Clipping window• Viewport• Camera• Projection and viewing frustum
• Visible Surface Detection• Depth• Z-buffer
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The Course Layout
• Part 3 Rendering• Graphics Output Primitives
• Line, circle
• Polygon fill
• Illumination Model and Surface Rendering• Illumination model
• Light sources
• Reflection model
• Surface rendering
• Texture mapping
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The Course Layout
• Part 4 Geometric modeling• Triangle mesh
• Curves and Curved Surface
• Part 5 CG techniques• Shadows
• Ray-tracing
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References
• Ed Angel, CS/EECE 433 Computer Graphics, University of New Mexico
• Steve Marschner, CS4620/5620 Computer Graphics, Cornell
• Tom Thorne, COMPUTER GRAPHICS, The University of Edinburgh
• Elif Tosun, Computer Graphics, The University of New York
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• Questions?