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Cruise Report

Of

Cruise Number SK-308 Leg I

Onboard

ORV Sagar Kanya

From

30th December 2013 to 20th January 2014

Chennai to Paradip

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCEANOGRAPHY

DONA PAULA

GOA 403 004

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Contents:

Introduction

List of Participants

Cruise Itinerary

Cruise Details

Cruise Summary

Location Maps

SK-308 Sampling Details

Details of Aerosol Sampling and Water Collection by PRL

Participants

Details of Water Samples

Acknowledgements

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Introduction:

The Bay of Bengal receives a huge amount of fresh water as most of the rivers in the Indian

subcontinent drain into the bay. Besides the riverine influx, the bay also receives direct

precipitation. The fresh water influx into the bay controls the physico-chemical properties of

the seawater as well as the biological activities in the bay. Any change in the fresh water

influx, as a result of changes in monsoon intensity will thus also alter the physico-chemical

properties of the seawater in the bay. The monsoon also affects the material being brought

from the land to the bay, by the rivers and the organisms living in the bay. Thus the changes

in the material being brought to the bay and the organisms living in the bay can be used to

infer monsoon. It requires study of the modern distribution of material and organisms in the

bay and application of this information to subsurface sediments to infer past monsoon. The

Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India has funded a project titled ' High resolution

paleoclimatic studies from the Bay of Bengal' (No. MoES/Siber/NIO(RN)/11) to study the

modern distribution of material and organisms in the bay and to infer past monsoon changes

from the sub-surface sediments collected from the bay. The cruise was conducted to collect

samples for this project. As a large coast parallel salinity-temperature gradient is observed in

the western Bay of Bengal, samples from 25 m to 2500 m were collected along nearly

latitudinal transects in front of major rivers.

A part of the cruise was to measure physico-chemical properties of the seawater along

a fixed transect off Paradip. The transect is a part of the time-series study to understand

changes in seawater properties as a result of anthropogenic activities. Under this project, the

water column properties at fixed stations are measured every year.

Objectives:

• To collect surface sediment samples in order to understand the faunal distribution in

this region.

• To collect subsurface samples (cores) at selected locations to understand temporal

climatic changes in the Bay of Bengal

• To measure the physico-chemical parameters of the seawater.

• To collect surface and bottom water for isotopic, alkalinity and nutrient analysis.

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List of Participants:

Sr. No. Name Institute Designation 1. Dr. Rajeev Saraswat N.I.O. Goa Scientist 2. Dr. Parthiban Gopal N.I.O. Goa Pr. Tech. Off. 3. Dr. Sujata Sandeep Raikar N.I.O. Goa Project Investi. 4. Dr. Sanitha Keshavan Sivadas N.I.O. Goa Project Investi. 5. Mr. Thorat Babasaheb Rajaram N.I.O. Goa Tech. Officer 6. Mr. Shashikanth Velip Babi N.I.O. Goa Tech. Assist. 7. Mr. Dinesh Kumar Naik N.I.O. Goa PA III 8. Ms. Manasa Malenki N.I.O. Goa JRF 9. Mr. Dharmendra Pratap Singh N.I.O. Goa JRF 10. Ms Kausar Fatima Mahamad Bepari N.I.O. Goa PA III 11. Ms Amara Begam Abdulaziz Mulla N.I.O. Goa PA III 12. Mr. Sudesh Manohar Morajkar N.I.O. Goa PA II 13. Mr. Sumant Sriram Yanamandra N.I.O. Goa PA II 14. Ms Sulina Kuniyil N.I.O. Goa PA II 15. Ms Ujwala Arun Amberkar N.I.O. Goa PA II 16. Mr. Anant Eknath Falkar N.I.O. Goa PA II 17. Ms Naga Jyothi Katuri N.I.O. Goa PA I 18. Ms Shripurnima Bejugam Goa University Res. Scholar 19. Mr. Subha Anand P.R.L. Ahmadabad Res. Scholar 20. Mr. Prem Raj Uddandam B.S.I.P. Lucknow Res. Scholar 21. Mr. Murugan Raja Madras University Res. Scholar 22. Mr. Mohammed Nishath Nowshad Madras University Res. Scholar

NCAOR Support Staff:

23. Mr. Rupesh Sawant N.C.A.O.R. Goa Ship. Assistant 24. Mr. Paresh Pole N.C.A.O.R. Goa Ship. Assistant

Norinco Technical Support Staff:

25. Mr. V.C. Sarathchandran Norinco Pvt. Ltd. Service Engineer 26. Mr. Jayaraj Viswanathan Norinco Pvt. Ltd. Service Engineer 27. Mr. Manuel Michell Mathew Norinco Pvt. Ltd. Service Engineer 28. Mr. G.K. Tharanitharan Norinco Pvt. Ltd. Service Engineer

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Cruise Itinerary:

Place Date

Embarkation Chennai 30/12/2013

Disembarkation Paradip 20/01/2014

Cruise Details:

Name of the Vessel : ORV Sagar Kanya

Cruise Number : SK 308 Leg I

Chief Scientist : Dr. Rajeev Saraswat

Master : Capt. Mahinder Singh Pangtey

Port of Embarkation : Chennai

Date of Sailing : 4th January 2014

Port of Disembarkation : Paradip

Date of end of Sailing : 20th January 2014

Number of Scientist : 22

Underway data collected : No

Total number of stations occupied : 95

Multi-corer operations : 71

Gravity corer operations : 18

Grab Operations : 13

Spade corer operations : 03

Multi-plankton net operations : 01 (Unsuccessful)

CTD operations : 08

Radiometer operations : 02

Heron tranter plankton net Operation : 05

Surface water sample Stations : 85

Bottom water sample Stations : 70

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Cruise Summary:

The trucks carrying scientific material from NIO Goa and PRL Ahmadabad reached Chennai on 28th December 2013. The material was loaded on the vessel on 29th December 2013. All scientific personnel boarded the vessel on 30th December 2013. The material was arranged in both port and starboard side wet labs. Mr. Shubha Anand from PRL Ahmadabad assembled the ‘Aerosol Sampler’ on ‘fore deck’. The multi-corers were also assembled. It was informed that the deep-sea winch motor has burnt and the same is being sent for repair and is expected to be back by 1st December 2014. As the deep sea winch is crucial for the Leg I, the vessel has to wait till the motor is repaired and re-installed. On 1st December 2013, the ship staff checked the deep sea winch motor in the workshop and suggested that it should be kept for baking for another 12 hr before installation. The sailing was further delayed for another day. The deep sea winch motor was brought back on 2nd December 2013 and was fixed on the same day evening. The motor trials began on 3rd December 2014. Meanwhile the turbo-pump blower on the main deck also burnt and was repaired. Finally the ship sailed on 4th January 2014 at 12 hr. The feasibility of extending the cruise was explored. Dr. Mangesh Gauns, the Chief Scientist of the Leg II informed that the foreign participants have already booked their return tickets and it is not possible to change their travel plan. Therefore, it was decided to return as per schedule. The multi-corer (Fig. 1) was extensively used throughout the cruise to recover well preserved surface sediment-bottom water interface.

Figure 1

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The sediments collected in the multi-corer were undisturbed (Fig. 2, 3). Even the colonies at the sediment-water interface (at stations with very low DO) were well preserved (Fig. 2, 3). As the bottom water collected in the core-tubes was clean and uncontaminated (because of the leak-proof seal at the top of the tube), it was collected for further studies.

A problem of deep-sea winch wire entangling in the multi-corer tube closing assembly leading to bending of connecting pipe (Fig. 4, 5) and tubes not closing properly was however encountered during a few operations. The wire-entanglements left a few coring assemblies unserviceable. A nylon rope followed by a ring of 1/2 inch GI pipe was tied to the multi-corer frame above the tube closing assembly to avoid wire entanglements. The tube closing sheet broke during a couple of operations and was replaced with spare sheets.

Figure 2 Figure 3

Figure 5Figure 4

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In a few shallow water (<100 m) regions, pebbly and sandy sediments were found. The grab was used to collect sediments from these regions. In one such grab operation, a large boulder (Fig. 6) with live coral and associated fauna (Fig. 7-12) were recovered. The boulder along with the associated fauna were transferred to a plastic crate filled with seawater. The water of the

Figure 6 Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9 Figure 10

Figure 11 Figure 12

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crate was replaced every alternate day. The corals and the associated organisms were, however preserved in ethanol prior to the end of cruise. The gravity core barrel was highly rusted leading to accumulation of a large amount of rust in the core-catcher, every time the gravity corer was operated. The barrel was thoroughly washed while tapping it with a hammer to remove the rust. The multi-plankton-net was operated at only one location. The MPN was successfully lowered upto 2500 m. The connection with the MPN was lost while the first net was fired. The MPN was retrieved back on to the deck. It was found that the springs developed cracks and broke, probably due to material failure (Fig. 13). As the spare springs were not available onboard, MPN operations has to be abandoned.

Highlights:

Recovery of well preserved surface sediments.

Collection of bottom water from the sediment-water interface.

Report of organic colonies at surface sediment-bottom water interface at stations with

very low dissolved oxygen.

Recovery of living corals and other associated fauna from shallow water region off

central east of India.

Figure 13

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Location Maps:

Figure 14: All sample locations of cruise SK308 Leg I. The colour gradient indicates

depth.

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Figure 15: Multicore locations of cruise SK308 Leg I. The numbers at the beginning and

end of the transects are multicore stations.

Figure 16: Grab locations of cruise SK308 Leg I. The numbers against the symbols are

station numbers.

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Figure 17: Spade core locations of cruise SK308 Leg I. The numbers against the

symbols are station numbers.

Figure 18: Gravity core locations of cruise SK308 Leg I. The numbers against the


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Figure 19: CTD locations of cruise SK308 Leg I. The numbers against the symbols are

station numbers.

Figure 20: Radiometer locations of cruise SK308 Leg I. The numbers against the


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Figure 21: HPN locations of cruise SK308 Leg I. The numbers against the symbols are

station numbers.

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Sample Details:

St. No. Latitude (°N)

Longitude (°E)

Depth (m)

Date (dd/mm/yy)

Time(hr)

Operations Code Length (cm)

Remarks

01 12°59.938 80°40.343 270 04/01/14 16:10 CTD CTD-01 __ Problem with salinity sensor.

17:40 Gravity Core GC-01 345 Clean Operation (For Dr. Pattan)

02 12°58.269 80°46.088 1285 04/01/14 20:06 Gravity Core ___ ___ No recovery

03 12°58.318 80°46.649 1400 04/01/14 23:45 Gravity Core ___ __ No recovery

04 14°32.833 80°56.389 2825 05/01/14 11:40 MPN __ __ No recovery. The MPN was lowered upto 2500 m. When the first net was fired the connection was lost and when retrieved back it was noticed that all the five springs were broken.

15:56 Multicore MC-01 31 Three cores retrieved with bottom water. All the three cores were sub-sampled and divided in four groups (NIO, Madras University, Goa University and BSIP, Lucknow). No sample was given for benthos. The bottom water was collected for isotopic, alkalinity and nutrient analysis. Top and bottom samples were also collected for microbiology work.

05 14°34.115 80°35.112 2094 05/01/14 19:30 Multicore MC-02 39 Five cores were retrieved. Four cores were sub-sampled by Micropaleontology (NIO), Madras University, Goa University and BSIP Lucknow. One core was given for Benthos (NIO). Bottom water was collected for the analysis as said above. Four samples (3-4, 4-5, 5-6 and 9-10) were later on discarded, since the polythene bags containing the samples ruptured and the samples got mixed.

22:45 Gravity Core GC-02 487 The core has been sub sampled in five parts, four of 1 m each and the last one of 87 cm.

06 14°34.020 80°27.466 1476 06/01/14 01:45 Multicore MC-03 32 Eight cores were recovered. Three cores were sub-sampled individually by Madras University, Goa University and BSIP Lucknow. One core was given for Benthos (NIO). Two cores were sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO). One core is preserved.

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Bottom water was collected.

07 14°33.998 80°26.144 978 06/01/14 05:00 Multicore MC-04 45 The multicorer was deployed at 05:00hrs but there was some problem in the pulley of the deep sea winch and so the operation was held up till 11:45 hr. Finally the multicorer was retrieved but was found that it did not hit the ground and so was deployed again at 12:15 hr. Three cores were retrieved. One was given for Benthos (NIO), one was sub-sampled and divided into three for Madras University, Goa University and BSIP, Lucknow (57 cm) and one was sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO). There was no bottom water.

08 14°34.00 80°24.330 573 06/01/14 15:00 Multicore -- -- Multicore was operated twice. No core were retrieved. There was problem with the cable.

09 14°34.058 80°24.370 397 06/01/14 16:35 Multicore MC-05 43 Only two cores were retrieved. One core was very less that is only of 10 cm which was given for benthos (NIO) and the other core was sub-sampled only for Micropaleontology (NIO).

10 14°34.073 80°23.552 244 06/01/14 18:25 Multicore MC-06 43 Four cores were retrieved. Two cores were sub-sampled for micropaleontology (NIO) and two cores were divided between Madras University, Goa University and BSIP, Lucknow (42cm). Top and bottom sediment samples were also collected for microbiology work.

11 14°34.107 80°22.229 109 06/01/14 20:13 Multicore MC-0A -- The sediment was sandy. Very little sediment in one core.

12 14°34.00 80°21.294 70 06/01/14 21:34 Grab G-01 -- No sediment sample retrieved but a boulder was retrieved with colonizing organisms. There were soft and hard corals, echinoderms, crustaceans, gastropods, calcareous polychaetes tubes, ascidians, etc.

13 14°33.942 80°19.812 52 06/01/14 22:30 Grab G-02 -- Sandy sediment was retrieved

14 14°33.658 80°16.000 28 06/01/14 23:45 Grab G-03 -- Very coarse sandy sediment retrieved.

15 15°22.224 80°27.372 27 07/01/14 08:00 Grab G-04 -- Very coarse sandy sediment retrieved.

16 15°21.008 80°29.101 47 07/01/14 09:06 Grab G-05 -- Clayey sediment was retrieved.

09.30 Multicore MC-07 36 Four cores were retrieved. Two cores were sub-samples for micropaleontology (NIO), two were sub-sampled and divided

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between Madras University, Goa University and BSIP, Lucknow (36 cm).

17 15°19.164 80°30.992 76 07/01/14 11:06 Grab G-06 -- Clayey sediment was retrieved.

Multicore MC-08 44 Four cores were retrieved. One core was sub-samples for Micropaleontology (NIO), two cores were sub-sampled and divided between Madras University, Goa University and BSIP, Lucknow (38 cm). One core was given for benthos (NIO).

18 15°18.288 80°31.500 98 07/01/14 14:40 Grab G-07 -- Very less sandy sediment was retrieved. Since the sediment was sandy the multicorer was not operated.

19 15°17.244 80°32.545 274 07/01/14 15:16 Grab G-08 -- Clayey sediment

Multicore MC-09 41 One core was retrieved. Since only one core was retrieved it was deployed again. The one core retrieved was sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO). Top and bottoms sediment samples were also collected for microbiology work.

MC-10 55 Two cores were retrieved. Bottom water was collected only for nutrients. Since the ship had drifted from the previous location the initial 2 cm samples were taken from these cores. Both the cores were sub-sampled by Madras university, Goa university and BSIP, Lucknow (55 cm).

20 15°15.900 80°33.600 500 07/01/14 18:00 Multicore MC-11 46 Two cores were retrieved, but no bottom water. One core was sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO) and the other core was sub-sampled and divided between Madras university, Goa university and BSIP, Lucknow (45 cm).

21 15°15.131 80°30.216 786 07/01/14 17:42 Multicore MC-12 31 It was deployed twice. Only one core was retrieved for the first time whereas for the second deployment no cores obtained. No bottom water collected as the water quantity was very less. This core was sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO).

22 15°13.203 80°38.361 921 07/01/14 22:00 Multicore MC-13 48 Two cores were retrieved. But there was no bottom water. One core was sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO) and the other core was sub-sampled and divided between Madras university, Goa university and BSIP, Lucknow (43 cm).

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23 15°10.800 80°41.284 1512 08/01/14 01:15 Multicore MC-14 47 Two cores were retrieved with bottom water. One core was sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO) and the other core was sub-sampled and divided between Madras university, Goa university and BSIP, Lucknow (32 cm). Top and bottom samples were also collected for microbiology work

24 15°08.800 80°04.360 1940 08/01/14 04:10 Multicore MC-15 37 Three cores were retrieved with bottom water. One core was sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO) and the other core was sub-sampled and divided between Madras university, Goa university and BSIP, Lucknow (31 cm). One was sub-sampled by Benthos (NIO).

Gravity core GC-03 435 The core has been sub sampled in five parts, four of 1 m each and the last one of 35 cm.

25 15°00.991 80°52.683 2482 08/01/14 12:00 Multicore MC-16 49 Three cores were retrieved. As the bottom water was less, so water sample was taken only for isotopic analysis. One core was sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO) and two cores were sub-sampled and divided between Madras university, Goa university and BSIP, Lucknow (51 and 41cm).

26 15°16.015 81°47.430 2574 08/01/14 23:00 Multicore MC-17 40 Five cores were retrieved with bottom water. Two cores were sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO) and the other two cores were sub-sampled and divided between Madras university, Goa university and BSIP, Lucknow (44 cm). One was sub-sampled by Benthos (NIO). Top and bottom sediment samples were also collected for microbiology work.

27 15°31.570 81°33.868 2006 09/01/14 03:55 Multicore MC-18 41 Six cores retrieved with bottom water. Two cores were sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO) and three cores were individually sub-sampled by Madras university, Goa university and BSIP, Lucknow (34 cm). One was sub-sampled by Benthos (NIO).

Gravity core GC-04 456 The core has been sub sampled in five parts, four of 1 m each and the last one of 56 cm. The arrow-head points to the top of the core.

28 15°36.710 81°29.035 1463 09/01/14 09:05 Multicore MC-19 46 Four cores were retrieved with bottom water. One core was sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO) and the other two cores were sub-sampled and divided between Madras university, Goa

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university and BSIP, Lucknow (35 & 34 cm). One was sub-sampled by Benthos (NIO).

29 15°45.470 81°20.707 1069 09/01/14 13:00 Multicore MC-20 25 Five cores were retrieved with bottom water. Two cores were sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO). Two cores were sub-sampled and divided between Madras university, Goa university and BSIP, Lucknow (25 cm). One was sub-sampled by Benthos (NIO).

30 15°47.716 81°19.409 749 09/01/14 15:20 Multicore MC-21 45 The multicorer was operated two times. During the first operation, two cores were retrieved with bottom water. One was sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO) and one was sub-sampled by Benthos (NIO). In the second operation no cores were retrieved.

31 15°47.053 81°18.292 768 09/01/14 16:30 Multicore MC-22 49 Three cores were retrieved. The multicorer, probably dragged on bottom. One core was sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO). Two cores were sub-sampled and divided between Madras university, Goa university and BSIP, Lucknow (43 cm).

32 15°48.746 81°18.386 507 09/01/14 18:35 Multicore MC-23 37 Three cores were retrieved with bottom water. A marked change in sediment colour from light brown to dark grey at 3-4 cm was noticed. One core was sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO). Two cores were sub-sampled and divided between Madras university (31 cm), Goa university and BSIP, Lucknow.

33 15°47.283 81°15.014 280 09/01/14 21:50 Grab G-09 -- Operated small grab first but since no sediment was retrieved the big grab was deployed wherein the sediment was found to be finesilt.

34 15°45.450 81°11.970 202 09/01/14 23:30 Multi core MC-24 32 Five cores were retrieved with bottom water. Two cores were sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO). Two cores were sub-sampled and divided between Madras university, Goa university and BSIP, Lucknow (33 cm). One was sub-sampled by Benthos (NIO). Top and bottom sediment samples were also collected for microbiology work.

35 15°48.205 81°14.117 79 10/01/14 01:05 Multicore MC-25 38 One core was retrieved with bottom water. This core was sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO).

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36 15°47.644 81°13.544 103 10/01/14 01:25 Multicore MC-26 20 One core was retrieved with bottom water. This core was sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO).

37 15°48.982 81°41.186 55 10/01/14 02:05 Multicore MC-27 43 Multicorer was operated thrice. First time only one core was retrieved, while second time two cores were retrieved and the third time two cores were retrieved. Two cores were sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO). Two cores were sub-sampled and divided between Madras university, Goa university and BSIP, Lucknow. One was sub-sampled by Benthos (NIO).

38 15°49.776 81°13.421 32 10/01/14 03:30 Multicore MC-28 23 Five cores were retrieved with bottom water. Two cores were sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO). Two cores were sub-sampled and divided between Madras university, Goa university and BSIP, Lucknow (15 cm). One was sub-sampled by Benthos (NIO).

39 16°34.681 82°22.582 27 10/01/14 05:07 Multicore MC-29 37 Six cores were retrieved with bottom water. Two cores were sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO). Two cores were sub-sampled and divided between Madras university, Goa university and BSIP, Lucknow (31 cm). Two cores were sub-sampled by Benthos (NIO).

40 16°34.340 82°23.416 40 10/01/14 05:50 Multicore MC-30 41 Six cores were retrieved with bottom water. Two cores were sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO). Two cores were sub-sampled and divided between Madras university, Goa university and BSIP, Lucknow (30 cm). Two cores were sub-sampled by Benthos (NIO).

41 16°34.394 82°25.972 107 10/01/14 06:55 Multicore MC-31 41 Three cores were retrieved with bottom water. One core was sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO). Two cores were sub-sampled and divided between Madras university, Goa university and BSIP, Lucknow (38 cm). Top and bottom sediment samples were also collected for microbiology work

42 16°31.130 82°25.972 259 10/01/14 08:25 Multicore MC-32 24 Three cores were retrieved with bottom water. One core was sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO). One core was sub-sampled and divided between Madras university, Goa university and BSIP, Lucknow (20 cm). One core was sub-sampled by Benthos (NIO).

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43 16°28.343 82°26.580 496 10/01/14 10:10 Multicore MC-33 44 Five cores were retrieved with bottom water. Two cores were sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO). Two cores were sub-sampled and divided between Madras university, Goa university and BSIP, Lucknow (29 cm). One core was sub-sampled by Benthos (NIO).

44 16°26.575 82°28.266 744 10/01/14 11:40 Multicore MC-34 41 Five cores were retrieved with bottom water. Two cores were sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO). Two cores were sub-sampled and divided between Madras university, Goa university and BSIP, Lucknow (45 cm). One core was sub-sampled by Benthos (NIO).

45 16°25.440 82°31.241 1006 11/01/14 01:15 Multicore MC-35 40 Four cores were retrieved with bottom water. One core was sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO). Two cores were sub-sampled and divided between Madras university, Goa university and BSIP, Lucknow (41 cm). One core was sub-sampled by Benthos (NIO).

46 16°19.886 82°35.738 1511 11/01/14 04:00 Multicore MC-36 33 Four cores were retrieved with bottom water. One core was sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO). Two cores were sub-sampled and divided between Madras university, Goa university and BSIP, Lucknow (21). One core was sub-sampled by Benthos (NIO).

47 16°14.240 82°40.453 1981 11/01/14 07:00 Multicore MC-37MC-37(R)

42 39

Five cores were retrieved with bottom water. Two cores were sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO) named as replicate. Two cores were sub-sampled and divided between Madras university, Goa university and BSIP, Lucknow (39 cm). One core was sub-sampled by Benthos (NIO).

Gravity core GC-05 235 Lots of water in the core. It seems the core is disturbed; the diameter of the core is very less in the 2nd section.

48 16°03.893 82°49.475 2495 11/01/14 12:55 Multicore MC-38MC-38(R)

35 31

Five cores were retrieved with bottom water. Two cores were sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO) named as replicate. Two cores were sub-sampled and divided between Madras university, Goa university and BSIP, Lucknow (26 cm). One core was sub-sampled by Benthos (NIO). Samples were also collected for

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microbiology work

49 17°26.282 83°12.353 55 12/01/14 05:00 Multicore MC-39 35 Four cores were retrieved with bottom water. The sediment was sandy. One core was sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO). Two cores were sub-sampled and divided between Madras university, Goa university and BSIP, Lucknow (29 cm). One core was sub-sampled by Benthos (NIO).

50 17°29.720 83°05.959 29 12/01/14 07:05 Multicore MC-40 25 Four cores were retrieved with bottom water. The sediment was sandy. One core was sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO). Two cores were sub-sampled and divided between Madras university, Goa university and BSIP, Lucknow (23 cm). One core was sub-sampled by Benthos (NIO).

51 17°25.149 83°20.663 73 12/01/14 09:20 Multicore MC-41MC-41(R)

38 34

Four cores were retrieved with bottom water. One core was sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO). Two cores were sub-sampled and divided between Madras university, Goa university and BSIP, Lucknow (34 cm). One core was sub-sampled by Benthos (NIO).

52 17°21.539 83°26.840 103 12/01/14 11:00 Multicore MC-00 -- Multicore was operated but sediment was not retrieved.

Grab G-10 -- Very little sandy sediment was retrieved.

CTD CTD-02 -- CTD was operated upto 150 m depth in order to check the sensor.

Radiometer RD-01 -- Radiometer was operated as a trial.

53 17°17.537 83°30.034 280 12/01/14 13:30 Multicore MC-42MC-42(R)

25 24

Five cores were retrieved with bottom water. Two cores were sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO). Two cores were sub-sampled and divided between Madras university, Goa university and BSIP, Lucknow (27 cm). One core was sub-sampled by Benthos (NIO). Top and bottom sediment samples were also collected for microbiology work.

54 17°15.518 83°31.362 520 12/01/14 14:42 Multicore MC-43 42 The multicorer was deployed twice. First time only one core was retrieved and the second time two multicores were retrieved. One core was sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO). One core was sub-sampled and divided between Madras university, Goa university and BSIP, Lucknow (32 cm). One core was sub-sampled

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by Benthos (NIO).

55 17°13.823 83°32.602 763 12/01/14 16:15 Multicore MC-44MC-44(R)

37 38

The multicorer was deployed twice. A total of seven cores were retrieved with bottom water. Two cores were sub-sampled for micropaleontology (NIO). Three cores were sub-sampled and divided between Madras university, Goa university and BSIP, Lucknow (38 cm). Two cores were sub-sampled by Benthos (NIO).

56 17°12.094 83°33.667 1035 12/01/14 18:20 Multicore MC-45 33 Three cores were retrieved with bottom water. One core was sub-sampled for micropaleontology (NIO). One core was sub-sampled and divided between Madras university, Goa university and BSIP, Lucknow (38 cm). One core was sub-sampled by Benthos (NIO).

57 17°10.076 83°35.073 1511 12/01/14 20:30 Multicore MC-46MC-46(R)

40 38

Five cores were retrieved with bottom water. Two cores were sub-sampled separately for micropaleontology. Two cores were sub-sampled and divided between Madras university, Goa university and BSIP, Lucknow (36 cm). One core was sub-sampled by Benthos (NIO).

58 17°08.063 83°36.694 2030 12/01/14 22:45 Multicore MC-47 41 Five cores were retrieved with bottom water. One core was sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO). Two cores were sub-sampled and divided between Madras university, Goa university and BSIP, Lucknow (35 cm). One core was sub-sampled by Benthos (NIO).

Gravity core GC-06 549 Core catcher of ~10 cm and 0-2 cm of the core-top are stored in two separate bags.

59 17°05.776 83°38.790 2540 13/01/14 03:00 Multicore MC-48 39 Four cores were retrieved with bottom water. One core was sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO). Two cores were sub-sampled and divided between Madras university, Goa university and BSIP, Lucknow (21 cm). One core was sub-sampled by Benthos (NIO). Top and bottom sediment samples were also collected for microbiology work.

60 17°35.659 83°48.663 254 13/01/14 Gravity core GC-07 370 (For Dr. Pattan)

61 17°34.010 84°04.631 1408 13/01/14 Gravity core GC-08 575 (For Dr. Pattan)

62 18°11.658 84°04.631 29 13/01/14 17:30 Multicore MC-49 35 Five cores were retrieved with bottom water. Two cores were sub-

23

MC-49(R)

35 sampled separately for Micropaleontology. Two cores were sub-sampled and divided between Madras university, Goa university and BSIP, Lucknow (25 cm). One core was sub-sampled by Benthos (NIO).

63 18°10.486 84°13.523 58 13/01/14 19:05 Multicore MC-50 22 Four cores were retrieved with bottom water. One core was totally disturbed. One core was sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO). Two cores were sub-sampled and divided between Madras university, Goa university and BSIP, Lucknow (25 cm). One core was sub-sampled by Benthos (NIO).

64 18°07.935 84°16.237 73 13/01/14 20:30 Multicore MC-51

32 Two cores were retrieved for the first time and the second time only one core was retrieved. One core was sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO). One core was sub-sampled and divided between Madras university, Goa university and BSIP, Lucknow (35 cm). One core was sub-sampled by Benthos (NIO).

65 18°05.828 84°18.908 95 13/01/14 22:10 Grab G-11 -- Grab was operated twice, only gravely material was retrieved.

66 18°05.239 84°19.507 225 13/01/14 23:20 Multicore MC-52MC-52(R)

43 29

Three cores were retrieved with bottom water. One core was sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO). One core was sub-sampled and divided between Madras university, Goa university and BSIP, Lucknow (48 cm). One core was sub-sampled by Benthos (NIO). Top and bottom sediment samples were also collected for microbiology work

67 18°04.976 84°20.025 645 14/01/14 00:01 Multicore MC-53 25 The deep sea winch wire shackle tape got entangled in balance weight of one tube thus removing the rod and leading to loss of base plate along with the rod, thus rendering it unusable. Three cores were retrieved with bottom water. One core was sub-sampled for micropaleontology (NIO). Two cores were sub-sampled and divided between Madras university, Goa university and BSIP, Lucknow (25 cm).

68 18°03.042 84°21.318 1167 14/01/14 01:15 Multicore MC-54 35 The multicorer was operated twice. First time two cores were retrieved, probably the cores were disturbed. Second time there was no recovery and one connecting rod got bent. Since the top was not intact it was sub-sampled at 2 cm intervals. One core was sub-

24

sampled by Benthos (NIO).



71 17°46.929 84°35.372 2488 14/01/14 10:28 Multicore MC-57 42 Four cores were retrieved with bottom water. One core was sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO). Two cores were sub-sampled and divided between Madras university, Goa university and BSIP, Lucknow (39 cm). One core was sub-sampled by Benthos (NIO). Top and bottom sediment samples were collected for microbiology work

12:15 Gravity core GC-9 567 The core was intact except for the few top cm.

72 18°03.965 86 01.947 2386 15/01/14 00:30 Multicore MC-58 35 Four cores were retrieved with bottom water. One core was sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO). Two cores were sub-sampled and divided between Madras university, Goa university and BSIP, Lucknow (41 & 35 cm). One core was sub-sampled by Benthos (NIO). Top and bottom sediment samples were collected for microbiology work

Gravity core GC-10 231 Lot of sediment was found in the core head, which suggests that the corer probably fell down after penetrating.

73 18°26.119 85°46.809 2240 15/01/14 08:00 Multicore MC-59 36 Five cores were retrieved with bottom water. One of the rods of the multicorer was bent. Two cores were sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO). Two cores were sub-sampled and divided between Madras university, Goa university and BSIP, Lucknow (43 & 36 cm). One core was sub-sampled by Benthos (NIO).

Gravity core GC-11 570 There was over flow of sediment because the gravity corer over

25

penetrated. The top nearly one meter sediment is lost.

74 18°40.025 85°37.163 2071 15/01/14 14:02 Multicore MC-60MC-60(R)

30 28

Five cores were retrieved with bottom water. Two cores were sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO). Two cores were sub-sampled and divided between Madras university, Goa university and BSIP, Lucknow (37 cm). One core was sub-sampled by Benthos (NIO).

Gravity core GC-12 516 When the gravity corer was being lowered, the wire from the traction winch slipped off. It took almost an hour to repair. The gravity corer was finally lowered at around 18:00 hr and was retrieved at around 19:45 hr. It was sub-sampled into 5 sections of 1 m each and the sixth section of 16 cm.

75 18°46.976 85°31.377 1538 15/01/14 22:50 Multicore MC-61 36 Four cores were retrieved. One was sub-sampled by Micropaleontology (NIO). Two cores were sub-sampled and divided by Madras University, Goa University and BSIP, Lucknow (36 & 38cm) whereas one core was sub-sampled by the benthos (NIO).

76 18°52.380 85°28.395 1073 16/01/14 02:00 Multicore MC-62 39 Two cores were retrieved. One core was sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO). One core was sub-sampled and divided between Madras university, Goa university and BSIP, Lucknow (46cm).

77 18°54.311 85°27.840 763 16/01/14 04:25 Multicore MC-63 31 The multicore was deployed twice. For the first time only one core was retrieved for the second time no cores were retrieved. This core was sub-sampled by Micropaleontology (NIO).

78 18°55.840 85°26.046 500 16/01/14 06:05 Multicore MC-64MC-64(R)

42 36

The multicore was deployed twice. For the first time 2 cores were retrieved and for the second time 3 cores were retrieved. Two cores were sub-sampled for micropaleontology (NIO). Two cores were sub-sampled and divided between Madras university, Goa university and BSIP, Lucknow (35 cm). One core was sub-sampled by Benthos (NIO).

79 18°59.654 85°22.814 260 16/01/14 08:05 Multicore MC-65 35 Four cores were retrieved with bottom water. One core was sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO). Two cores were sub-sampled and divided between Madras university, Goa university

26

and BSIP, Lucknow (36 cm). One core was sub-sampled by Benthos (NIO). Top and bottom sediment samples were also collected for microbiology work.

Gravity core GC-13 492 The core is sub-sampled into five parts. Four sections of 1 m and one section of 92 cm.

80 19°08.966 85°15.493 105 16/01/14 11:15 Multicore MC-66MC-66(R)

25 27

Five cores were retrieved with bottom water. Two cores were sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO). Two cores were sub-sampled and divided between Madras university, Goa university and BSIP, Lucknow (25 cm). One core was sub-sampled by Benthos (NIO).

81 19°13.985 85°11.957 70 16/01/14 13:35 Multicore MC-00 -- The multicore was deployed but since there was no sample retrieved, the Grab was deployed.

Grab G-12 -- In the grab we did not get any sediment and so we moved to the next station.

82 19°17.734 85°10.111 55 16/01/14 15:02 Grab G-13 -- The grab was operated wherein the sediment retrieved was clayey and therefore the multicore was deployed.

Multicore MC-67 8 Four cores were retrieved. In these cores there was vide variation. In the core sub-sampled for Micropaleontology (NIO) it was noticed that from 0-4 cm the sediment was clayey, but later the sediment was very coarse sand. While the core sub-sampled by the Madras university, Goa University and BSIP, Lucknow (8 cm) group, the entire core was clayey with fine sand.

83 19°21.885 85°07.856 29 16/01/14 16:32 Multicore MC-68MC-68(R)

17 13

Five cores were retrieved with bottom water. Initially three cm of the core sub-sampled by Micropaleontology (NIO) was clayey while later it was coarse sand. Two cores were sub-sampled by the Madras university, Goa University and BSIP, Lucknow (10 & 11 cm).

84 18°56.915 87°50.594 2237 17/01/14 10:30 CTD CTD-03 -- Water collected at different depths of (0, 10, 25, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1500, 2000).

Radiometer RM-02 --

HTP Net HPN-01 -- Collected samples for plankton at a depth of 150 m.

27

85 19°13.639 87°34.979 2048 17/01/14 20:30 CTD CTD-04 -- Water collected at different depths of (0, 10, 25, 55,75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1500, 2000).

HTP Net HPN-02 -- Collected samples for planktons at a depth of 150 m.

86 19°30.090 87°20.586 1750 18/01/14 02:50 CTD CTD-05 -- Water collected at different depths of (0, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1500).

HTP Net HPN-03 -- Collected samples for planktons at a depth of 200 m.

87 19°46.310 87°04.404 1266 18/01/14 08:00 Gravity core GC-14 550 (For Dr. Pattan)

88 19°53.066 86°57.589 885 18/01/14 11:00 CTD CTD-06 -- Water collected at different depths of (0, 10, 25, 42, 60, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 500, 750). Five cast of CTD were deployed, two for NIO and three for PRL.

HTP Net HPN-04 -- Collected samples for planktons upto a depth of 200 m.

19°53.992 86°54.755 800 18/01/14 16:23 Spade core SC-01 18 The spade core was sub-sampled at one cm interval.

89 19°46.151 87°03.987 1276 18/01/14 19:10 CTD CTD-07 Water collected at different depths of (0, 10, 25, 42, 60, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 500, 750, 1000). Three cast of CTD were deployed.

HTP Net HPN-05 -- Collected samples for plankton at a depth of 200 m.

90 19°54.935 86°45.347 348 19/01/14 01:45 Gravity core GC-15 520 (For Dr. Pattan)

91 19°55.398 86°44.206 170 19/01/14 02:50 Spade core SC-02 30 The core was sub-sampled in 1cm interval.

92 19°56.933 86°40.673 45 19/01/14 04:30 CTD CTD-08 -- Water collected at different depths of (0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40).

19°57.017 86°46.480 46 19/01/14 05:45 Spade core SC-03 35 The core was sub-sampled at 1 cm interval.

93 19°49.020 86°33.394 102 19/01/14 07:40 Multicore MC-69 39 Initially when deployed only one core was retrieved with very less bottom water. The multicore was deployed for the second time where in two cores were retrieved with bottom water. One core is for Micropaleontology (NIO). Two cores were sub-sampled by the Madras university, Goa University and BSIP, Lucknow (42 & 42 cm).

Gravity core GC-16 184 Sub-sampled into two parts one of 1m and the other of 84 cm.

94 19°46.778 86°35.586 272 19/01/14 10:00 Multicore MC-70 43 Only one core was retrieved which was overflowing suggesting that the top is missing. There was no bottom water also. This core has been sub-sampled by Micropaleontology (NIO) only.

28

Gravity core GC-17 450 The gravity core has been sub-sampled into five parts; initial 4 parts of 1 m and the fifth part is of 50 cm. The core is given to Dr. Hussain, Madras University.

95 19°45.150 86°37.169 507 19/01/14 12:35 Multicore MC-71 39 Two cores were retrieved with very less bottom water. One core was sub-sampled by Micropaleontology (NIO), and the other core was sub- sampled and divided by Madras university, Goa University and BSIP, Lucknow (16 cm).

Gravity core GC-18 470 The gravity core has been sub-sampled into five parts; initial 4 parts of 1 m and the fifth part is of 70 cm.

Note: In gravity core sections, the arrow points to the top of the core.

29

Details of Aerosol Sampling and Water Collection by PRL Participants: Mr. Subha Anand S., Project Associate from Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), Ahmadabad, collected ~80 litres of surface seawater samples to understand the sub-marine ground water input into coastal Bay of Bengal from fixed locations along the coast from Chennai to Paradip. Samples were collected from stations 1, 2, 4, 5, 7-11, 13, 16, 18-22, 29, 30, 32, 33, 35, 37, 40-45, 49, 52-56, 63, 65-68, 76-80 and 82. Apart from this Samples for Aerosols (PM10) were collected using aerosol sampler of Thermo Scientific. Samples were collected for ~17 hrs when the ship is sailing. Total 7 samples are collected from Chennai to Paradip. Daily weather data was obtained from AWS installed onboard with the help of INCOIS and NCAOR.

30

Details of Water Samples:

St. No. MEASUREMENTS SAMPLE Salinity Temperature pH δ18O Alkalinity Nutrients Salinity

1 Surface COD Gravity Core Location Bottom

2 Surface COD Gravity Core Location Bottom

3 Surface 34.73 25.7 8.14 COD Gravity Core Location Bottom

4 Surface 31.71 25.6 8.13 X X X X Bottom No water sample

5 Surface 31.91 25.9 8.18 √ √ √ √ Bottom 33.98 10.4 7.68 √ √ √ X

6 Surface 31.71 25.2 8.19 √ √ √ √ Bottom 34.21 13.9 7.64 √ √ √ X

7 Surface 31.58 24.8 8.14 √ √ √ √ Bottom No water sample


9 Surface 31.23 25.4 8.16 √ √ √ √ Bottom 34.87 18.4 7.58 Water was very less

10 Surface 31.13 25.2 8.16 √ √ √ √ Bottom 34.11 19.2 7.55 √ √ √ X


12 Surface 31.13 25.6 8.15 √ √ √ √ Bottom Grab Sample




16 Surface 31.74 24.9 8.14 √ √ √ √ Bottom 33.95 25.1 7.91 √ √ √ X

17 Surface 31.80 25.7 8.14 √ √ √ √ Bottom 34.70 23.2 7.70 √ √ √ X


19 Surface 31.71 25.7 8.16 √ √ √ √ Bottom 33.90 18.1 7.60 X X √ X

20 Surface 31.70 25.5 8.14 √ √ √ √ Bottom 33.67 16.3 7.58 X X X X


31


23 Surface 31.99 25.2 8.12 √ √ √ √ Bottom 33.78 13.8 7.60 √ √ √ X

24 Surface 31.60 24.6 8.12 √ √ √ √ Bottom 35.17 15.8 7.64 √ √ √ X

25 Surface 31.96 26.1 8.15 √ √ √ √ Bottom 33.17 14.6 7.53 √ X X X

26 Surface 33.20 23.9 8.10 √ √ √ √ Bottom 34.04 16.5 7.73 √ √ √ X

27 Surface 33.30 25.2 8.10 √ √ √ √ Bottom 34.44 14.7 7.71 √ √ √ √

28 Surface 33.44 26.2 8.11 √ √ √ √ Bottom 34.18 14.2 7.57 √ √ √ √

29 Surface 33.16 26.4 8.13 √ √ √ √ Bottom 34.70 15.4 7.61 √ √ √ √

30 Surface 33.24 26.8 8.10 √ √ √ √ Bottom 34.67 15.8 7.62 √ √ √ √

31 Surface Since the ship was drifting the surface sample was not taken again. Bottom 35.18 14.1 7.60 √ √ √ √

32 Surface 33.16 25.7 8.10 √ √ √ √ Bottom 34.65 15.3 7.53 √ √ √ √

33 Surface 30.39 25.5 8.08 √ √ √ √ Bottom Grab sample

34 Surface No Water Sample Bottom 34.93 18.8 7.58 √ √ √ √

35 Surface 31.75 25.4 8.13 √ √ √ √ Bottom 34.52 24.0 9.60 √ √ X X

36 Surface No Water Sample Bottom 34.69 22.3 7.86 √ √ √ √

37 Surface 31.83 25.4 8.05 √ √ √ √ Bottom 34.28 25.1 8.05 √ √ √ √

38 Surface 30.66 25.1 8.13 √ √ √ √ Bottom 35.35 24.9 8.15 √ √ √ √

39 Surface 28.93 25.6 8.17 √ √ √ √ Bottom 33.15 25.5 8.12 √ √ √ √

40 Surface 29.15 25.9 8.21 √ √ √ √ Bottom 32.61 25.6 8.15 √ √ √ √

41 Surface 29.17 25.6 8.16 √ √ √ √ Bottom 34.62 23.9 7.66 √ √ √ √

42 Surface 29.41 25.1 8.21 √ √ √ √ Bottom 35.5 18.5 7.68 √ √ √ √

43 Surface 29.41 25.2 8.16 √ √ √ √ Bottom 34.32 18.6 7.76 √ √ √ √

44 Surface 32.58 25.5 8.15 √ √ √ √ Bottom 34.42 14.9 7.58 √ √ √ √

45 Surface 33.14 25.3 8.13 √ √ √ √

32

Bottom 34.71 14.6 7.57 √ √ √ √ 46 Surface 33.78 25.1 8.13 √ √ √ √

Bottom 34.79 14.8 7.56 √ √ √ √ 47 Surface 33.75 25.2 8.17 √ √ √ √

Bottom 35.12 7.78 √ √ √ √ 48 Surface 33.30 26.6 8.10 √ √ √ √

Bottom 34.61 15.2 7.76 √ √ √ √ 49 Surface 30.47 24.8 8.15 √ √ √ √

Bottom 34.26 24.9 8.11 √ √ √ √ 50 Surface 28.94 24.3 8.15 √ √ √ √

Bottom 32.28 25.2 8.14 √ √ √ √ 51 Surface 33.45 25.8 8.14 √ √ √ √

Bottom 34.27 25.0 7.96 √ √ √ √ 52 Surface 33.54 26.5 8.13 √ √ √ √

Bottom 33.19 26.5 8.12 √ √ √ √ 53 Surface 33.23 26.9 8.17 √ √ √ √

Bottom 34.17 18.5 7.56 √(R) √ √ √(R) 54 Surface 32.86 26.2 8.15 √ √ √ √

Bottom 34.14 16.7 7.58 √ √ √ √ 55 Surface 32.49 27.0 8.15 √ √ √ √

Bottom 33.92 17.3 7.60 √ √ √ √ 56 Surface 32.75 26.2 8.16 √ √ √ √

Bottom 33.24 24.2 8.07 √(R) √ √ √ 57 Surface 32.74 25.6 8.15 √ √ √ √

Bottom 34.74 13.2 7.61 √ √ √ √ 58 Surface 32.67 25.8 8.14 √ √ √ √

Bottom 34.17 15.5 7.69 √ √ √ √ 59 Surface 32.91 26.4 8.15 √ √ √ √

Bottom 33.82 15.3 7.67 √ √ √ √ 60 Surface COD Gravity Core Locations

Bottom 61 Surface COD Gravity Core Locations

Bottom 62 Surface 28.58 25.3 8.20 √ √ √ √

Bottom 32.80 25.6 8.10 √ √ √ √ 63 Surface 28.40 25.0 8.16 √ √ √ √

Bottom 34.18 25.2 8.04 √ √ √ √ 64 Surface 28.85 25.0 8.21 √ √ √ √

Bottom 33.02 25.7 8.15 √ √ √ √ 65 Surface 29.61 25.2 8.19 √ √ √ √

Bottom Grab Sample 66 Surface 30.69 25.2 8.17 √ √ √ √

Bottom 34.70 18.9 7.66 √ √ √ X 67 Surface 32.37 25.3 8.23 √ √ √ √

Bottom 33.91 17.2 7.56 √ √ √ √ 68 Surface 33.10 25.5 8.18 √ √ √ √

Bottom No Water Sample

33

69 Surface 32.69 25.1 8.25 √ √ √ √ Bottom 33.65 16.2 7.76 √ √ √ √

70 Surface 32.79 25.7 8.15 √ √ √ √ Bottom 34.14 15.1 7.68 √ √ √ √

71 Surface 32.45 23.9 8.18 √ √ √ √ Bottom 33.83 13.8 7.68 √(R) √ √ √

72 Surface 33.09 25.7 8.14 √ √ √ √ Bottom 34.32 12.7 7.69 √ √ √ √

73 Surface 32.22 26.3 8.17 √ √ √ √ Bottom 34.47 11.4 7.69 √ √ √ √

74 Surface 32.42 28.2 8.19 √ √ √ √ Bottom 34.27 16.9 7.63 √ √ √ √

75 Surface 32.68 25.8 8.19 √ √ √ √ Bottom 34.36 14.3 7.66 √ √ √ √

76 Surface 31.29 25.4 8.17 √ √ √ √ Bottom 34.65 12.4 7.65 √ √ √ √

77 Surface 30.81 25.6 8.20 √ √ √ √ Bottom No Water Sample

78 Surface 32.09 21.8 8.19 √ √ √ √ Bottom 34.71 14.7 7.62 √ √ √ √

79 Surface 28.40 25.1 8.17 √ √ √ √ Bottom 34.27 18.5 7.61 √ √ √ √

80 Surface 27.81 25.5 8.17 √ √ √ √ Bottom 34.66 23.0 7.76 √ √ √ √


82 Surface 27.64 24.4 8.25 √ √ √ √ Bottom 33.81 24.9 8.06 √ √ √ √

83 Surface 27.58 24.4 8.2 √ √ √ √ Bottom 33.38 25.3 8.12 √ √ √ √

93 Surface 32.53 24.7 8.17 √ √ √ √ Bottom 34.82 21.7 7.77 √ √ √ √


95 Surface 32.56 26.1 8.20 √ √ √ √ Bottom 34.47 16.3 7.61 √ √

Note: The bottom water temperature and pH was measured once the multi-corer came

onboard and thus may not be the actual bottom water temperature and pH.

34

Acknowledgements:

We are thankful to the Secretary, Ministry of Earth Sciences and the Director, National

Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research for providing us the ship-time. The help from Mr.

Subramaniam, NCAOR, Goa in providing logistic support for the cruise is thankfully

acknowledged. We thank the entire ship staff, especially the Master and the NORINCO staff

for excellent co-operation during the cruise. The Master spent sleepless nights in the bridge,

to manage the vessel when AT failed. The NIORINCO staff helped us to repair the multi-

corer rods that often got bent due to wire entanglement. They also prepared a pipe ring to

avoid wire entanglement in the multi-corer rods. The food was delicious with a lot of variety.

We are thankful to Mr. Shashikant Velip, Junior Technical Assistant, NIO, Goa for the help

in operating the multi-corer.

We are thankful to Dr. S.W.A. Naqvi, Director, National Institute of Oceanography

for giving us enough ship-time for sampling. Dr. Nigam supported and encouraged us

throughout the cruise and gave us free hand to plan the cruise. The help by administration,

purchase and accounts sections of NIO for providing logistic support is thankfully

acknowledged.

cruise report sk308 leg inpdc.ncaor.gov.in/npdc/cruisdatadownload.jsp?filename... · as the bottom...

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