creating xylella resistant grapevines by conventional breeding - andy walker - pierce's disease...
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Creating Xylella Resistant Grapevines by Conventional BreedingAndy Walker, Alan Tenscher, Summaira Riaz& David RammingTRANSCRIPT
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Creating Xylella Resistant Grapevines by Conventional BreedingAndy Walker, Alan Tenscher, Summaira Riaz& David RammingSupport from CDFA PD/GWSS Board, the AVF, and the Louis P. Martini Endowed Chair Funds
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History of Breeding for PD Resistance• Muscadine grapes have excellent PD resistance, but physically and genetically hard to introgress resistance into vinifera
• Bunch grape breeding in the southeastern US - (Blanc du Bois, BD5-1) has been hindered by intense fungal disease pressure and quantitative inheritance of PD resistance from conventional sources
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PD Resistance of Olmo’s Mexico Collections
9R7I8S
4R,2I,1S
8R,0S
5R4I1S
1R,0S
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Sources of Xf resistance
• b43-17 – (V. arizonica/candicans) from Monterrey, Mexico – resistance is inherited as a single dominant gene
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Sources of Xf resistance
• Markers linked to PdR1 from b43-17 have different alleles in b40-14 and b42-26
• Many more V. arizonica and V. girdiana forms have been collected for testing
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Mapping and Characterizing PD Resistance
The PdR1 resistance locus exists in V. arizonica b43-17
All progeny from this plant are resistant to Xf; the F8909 pop. (V. rupestris x b43-17)
F8909-08 and F8909-17 have been used in breeding and mapping Xf resistance
D8909-15 x F8909-17 = 9621 population
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Mapping and Characterizing PD Resistance
Fine scale mapping has positioned PdR1 within
1cM of markers on LG 14
PdR1 from F8909-17 and F8909-08 map
differently and represent either chromosome
of the PdR1 locus – PdR1a and PdR1b from
b43-17
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VVCh14-30VVCh14-28VVCh14-29,
PdR1b
VVCh14-02
VVCh14-10UDV095,VVCh14-09
VMCNg2b7.2,VVCh14-27
UDV025
0.26
0.23
0.39
0.45
6.12
VMCNg1e1
VVC62VVIP05VVIQ32
UDV050VMC9c1
VMC1e12VVC34VVIP22VrZAG112VMC6c10VMC5b3UDV033VMC2a5VVIV69ctg1026876VMCNg2b7.2 VVCh14-27VVCh14-28 VVCh14-29VVCh14-30VVCh14-70PdR1bVVCh14-02VVCh14-10VVCh14-09UDV95UDV025ctg1025882VVIS70VVIP26VMC6e1VMCNg1g1.1VVIN94ctg101093VVIN70
6.22
3.151.74
7.41
0.425.01
7.07
4.363.993.384.783.471.094.624.310.263.660.230.390.456.120.770.530.030.810.542.400.981.33
F8909-0804190 population
3.66
VVCh14-70
SCU15
VMCNg1e1
UDV050
VMC9c1
VVIO32VMC1e12
VVC34VMC9f4-1VVIP22VrZAG112VMC6c10VMC5b3UDV33VMC2a5VVIV69VMCNg2b7.2VMCNg3h8VVCh14-29VVCh14-70PdR1aA010VVCh14-56UDV95VVIN64ctg1025882VVIS70VVIP26VMC6e1VMCNg1g1.1UDV025ctg1010193
5.95
8.22
3.96
4.75
3.40
11.873.332.815.540.423.672.801.384.960.983.400.970.380.143.693.180.210.290.341.641.048.25
F8909-179621
VMCNg3h8,VVCh14-29
PdR1a
VVCh14-56. A010
UDV95,
VMCNg2b7.2
VVIN64
0.98
0.97
0.38
0.14
3.69
3.40
VVCh14-70
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8909-19 S 8909-08 R
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Breeding Objectives• Breed PD resistant wine grapes by backcrossing Xf resistant selections to high quality V. vinifera wine grape cultivars.
• Characterize Xf resistance and wine grape quality traits (color, tannin, ripening dates, flavor, productivity, etc).
• Work with David Ramming to accomplish the same goals with table and raisin grapes.
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Breeding Objectives• Develop large seedling populations at the 94% and 97% vinifera level in many high quality vinifera wine and table backgrounds
• Intercross advanced high quality selections with Xf resistance from multiple sources
• Introgress in powdery mildew resistance
• Develop genetic markers for fruit and wine quality
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Backcross BreedingBegin with a resistance source crossed to V. vinifera
– That F1 is 50% V. vinifera– Cross back to V. vinifera – 75% mBC1– Cross back to V. vinifera – 87.5% mBC2– Cross back to V. vinifera – 93.75% mBC3
– Cross back to V. vinifera – 96.89% mBC4
– 3 yr cycle with marker-aided selection (MAS)
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2008 Progress at 93.75% V. vinifera (mBC3)• Planted about 400 seedlings (some fruited!), will produce 97% (mBC4) seed in 2009
• Propagated 8 strong seedlings (6 to 7 vine reps) to wide spacings and Wye trellis for wine lots in Fall 2009
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Progress at 93.75% V. vinifera (mBC3)
07329-35 0505-01 x Chardonnay 07329-37 0505-01 x Chardonnay 07335-075 0505-01 x Petite Sirah 07355-12 0505-01 x Petite Sirah 07355-42 0505-01 x Petite Sirah 07713-43 F2-35 x 0502-48 07713-51 F2-35 x 0502-48 07713-55 F2-35 x 0502-48
F8909-08 = V. rupestris x V. arizonica b43-17504-49 = B90-116 x 8909-08 (PdR1b)A81-17 = A38-17 x 504-490502-48 = A81-138 x Chardonnay0505-01 = A81-138 x Cabernet Sauvignon
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Resistant Type
Vinifera Parent of Resistant Type
Vinifera Types used in 2008 crosses
# Seeds Produced
A. U0502 Chardonnay F2-7 (Cab x Carignane) 262 U0505 Cabernet Sauvignon Tannat 694 B. 06324 Chenin blanc Airen, Cabernet
Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Tannat
484
06372 Malaga Rosada Clairette blanche, Tannat
946
06381 F2-7 (Cab x Carignane) Tannat 151
2008 crosses to produce (A) = 93.75% vinifera PdR1b (F8909-08) and (B) = 87.5% vinifera PdR1a resistance (F8909-17).
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Resistant Type
Vinifera Parent of Resistant Type
Vinifera Types used in 2008 crosses
# Seeds Produced
A. U0502 Chardonnay 06353, e78 allele pattern 82 U0505 Cabernet Sauvignon 06717, e78 allele pattern 138 B. A81-17 A38-7 Karadzhandal 564
2008 crosses to produce: A) = 90.6% vinifera PdR1b (F8909-08) with Run1 powdery mildew resistance; and B) = 87.5% vinifera PdR1b resistance (F8909-08) with vinifera PM resistance.
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PD Resistant
Type Other Parents # Seeds
Produced 03300-048 06301 (101-14 x GRN-4),
Wyoming Riparia, Riparia Gloire, 44-53Mgt
1,397
2008 rootstock crosses to combine PD and nematode resistance.
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Resistant Type
Vinifera Parent of Resistant Type
Vinifera Types used in 2008 crosses
# Seeds Produced
A. 06324 Chenin blanc Airen, Cabernet Sauvignon,
Chardonnay, Tannat 484
06372 Malaga Rosada Clairette blanche, Tannat 946 06381 F2-7 (Cab x Carignane) Tannat 151 B. 06339 F2-35 (Cab x Carignane) Malaga Rosada, Tannat 325 C. 0098-03 Table grapes Cabernet Sauvignon,
Chardonnay 324
04394 Table grapes Cabernet Sauvignon, Clairette blanche, F2-35, Tannat
1,130
D. b42-26 None F2-35 827
2008 Crosses: 87.5% vinifera progeny (A) PdR1a (F8909-17); (B) arizonica b40-14 (06339); (C) shuttleworthii (0098-03 – 75% vinifera and 04394 – 50% vinifera); and (D) arizonica/girdiana b42-26 (50% vinifera progeny).
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87.5% V. vinifera / 50% Chardonnay
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2008 Winegrape Evaluations
Cultivar/ Selection Parentage
% vin
2008 Bloom Date
Berry Size (g)
Avg Clstr Wt. (g)
Ripening Season
Prod 1=v low 9=v hi
Barbara Historic 100 5/5 2.4 290 Late 6 Zinfandel Historic 100 5/5 2.6 405 Mid 7 U0501-12 A81-138 x Syrah 87.5 5/11 1.0 160 Late 4 U0502-01 A81-138 x Chardonnay 87.5 5/5 2.0 210 Mid-late 4 U0502-10 A81-138 x Chardonnay 87.5 5/5 1.7 275 V early 8 U0502-20 A81-138 x Chardonnay 87.5 5/10 2.0 201 Late 8 U0502-26 A81-138 x Chardonnay 87.5 5/9 2.1 375 Mid-late 6 Lenoir V. aestivalis hybrid <50 5/16 0.8 201 Late 6
Reference cultivars and select 87.5% vinifera progeny with PdR1.
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2008 Winegrape Evaluations
Cultivar or Selection
L-malic acid (g/L) °B
K (mg/ mL) pH
TA (g/
100mL) YAN
(mg/L) catechin (mg/L)
tannin (mg/L)
Total antho-cyanins (mg/L)
Barbara 2.83 25.0 2170 3.36 0.87 431 31 201 300 Zinfandel 2.43 23.5 1870 3.55 0.62 191 34 322 386 U0501-12 3.22 27.2 2020 3.51 0.74 3.98 48 781 1161 U0502-01 7.36 23.3 3240 3.70 0.96 567 81 364 530 U0502-10 4.36 22.3 1800 3.47 0.82 305 73 565 828 U0502-20 4.94 24.0 2600 3.62 0.90 544 - - - U0502-26 5.55 24.3 2420 3.64 0.91 699 65 225 811 Lenoir 5.54 28.7 3050 3.63 0.83 230 160 405 2396
Juice and wine analysis courtesy of ETS Laboratories, St. Helena, CA.
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Variety/ Selection
Group Total
Lo Score
Hi Score
2007 Total
U0502-20 34.0 2 5 NA
Syrah 32.8 2 4 NA
Chardonnay 32.3 2 5 NA
U0501-12 30.5 1 4 33.5
U0502-10 30.5 1 4 27
Lenoir 26 1 4 26
Pinot noir 21.5 1 3 20
U0502-01 20.3 1 3 24
Tasting results of 2007 wines (1= poor to 5 = very good). There were 10 faculty and staff tasters. Cabernet Sauv., Midsouth and U0502-07 and -01 not fermented in 2008
2008 Wine Evaluations 87.5% vinifera
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Thanks!