how to prune grapevines part 1
DESCRIPTION
How to winter prune premium wine grapes for making quality wineTRANSCRIPT
How to Prune GrapevinesPart One
Introduction
Pruning is one of the most important operations carried out in the vineyard and is one of the most expensive and time consuming
Introduction
Pruning time gives the opportunity to:• Regulate the form and size of the vine• Regulate the vigour of the vine• Regulate the quantity (yield) and quality of the
grapes
It Starts in the Bud
The bud contains the shoot, the leaves, tendrils and flowers, ready to burst and grow in spring A bud is found in the nodes of grapevine shootsThese buds appear single but in fact, comprise at least three 'true' buds and a lateral bud
Bud
Node
Shoots
• In spring the main bud bursts to become a shoot
Tendril
Leaf
Flowers• The shoot will produce the flowers that become the fruit
Shoots
As well as producing fruit for this season the shoot develops the buds for next seasons growthLater on the shoots harden, turn brown and become canes
The shoot………. becomes the cane
Canes
• A shoot becomes a cane after periderm formation
• From these canes will come the shoots that will carry the crop for the next season
• But canes will only produce fruit if they come from buds that have been left deliberately (if you can count them)
• Otherwise....
They are Watershoots
The difference between a watershoot and a count shoot is....
Watershoots
Count shoots from count nodes
Watershoots from nowhere
Therefore…
• Pruning is a matter of leaving count nodes• Count nodes are the nodes that you
deliberately leave at pruning • Count nodes are always from wood (canes)
that grew in the last season• These canes come from count nodes from the
previous season• They are not from watershoots
Recap……• Nodes contain buds• The main bud bursts to become a shoot• The new shoot produces the flowers
which become the fruit• At the same time the new buds are
forming in the shoot• Shoots become canes when they turn
brown• Only canes that come from deliberately
left buds are used for pruning which are found on count nodes
Before we move on
Basal budA bud at the base of a
caneThey don’t normally
burst in the same season as buds at nodes
These can remain dormant for many years
But when they do burst they produce....
Blind budsBuds that don’t burst
Watershoots
• Watershoots come from buds that have been dormant
• But during this time they lose the fruitfulness
• And that’s why they look like they come from nowhere!
One last thing!
• Bud swell and bleeding• Bud swell is when the buds swell and
become fluffy just before budburst
Bleeding
• When a cane, spur or cordon is cut close to bud burst time the cut 'bleeds'
• Bleeding is due to increased sap flow within the vine, which brings carbohydrate from the roots and trunks
• It can also bleed early on in the pruning season if it rains heavily followed by warm weather
Next…..Cane Pruning