covalent bond teory material its

8/13/2019 Covalent Bond Teory Material ITS

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Chemical bonding


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Chemical onding1. Lewis Symbol

2. Ion Bonding

3. Covalent Bonding

4. Coordinate Covalent Bond


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1. Lewis Symbol

Also known as electron dot notation.

Lewis structures are representations of the atom

and its valence electrons. In a Lewis structure the

nucleus is represented by the symbol of the atom

and the valence electrons are represented by dots

placed around the atomic symbol


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2. Ionic BondingAn ionic bondis a Chemical bond formed by an Electrostatic process

of two oppositely charged ions ( + and - ), a cation, usually a metal,

and an anion, usually a nonmetal. Pure ionic bonding cannot exist:

all ionic compounds have some degree of Covalent Bonding. The larger

the difference in electronegativity between the two atoms involved in

the bond, the more ionic (polar) the bond is. Ionic bonding is a form of

noncovalent bonding.

Formation

The Form proceeds when the cation (Lower ionization energy)

release some electrons to stabilize electron configuration . And, theanion (Higher ionization energy) accepts the Electron to stable the

configuration.

Structure

Usually the ionic bond generate solid material that can dissolve

in water.


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Characteristics Of Ionic Bond

1. Ionic bond is formed between the metal ions (positive ions) and non-

metal ions (negative ions)

2. Naming simple ionic bonds starting from the name of the metal,

followed by the name of non-metallic constituent. For example: sodium

chloride.

3. Ionic bonds easily soluble in water and other polar solvents.

4. Ionic compounds easily conduct electricity when in solution.

5. Ionic compounds tend to form a crystalline solid with a high melting

point.


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3. Covalent Bonding

The idea of sharing electrons between two non-metals, in order to obtain an octet is what covalent

bonding is all about.


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Properties of Covalent Compounds1. Gases, liquids, or solids

2. Low melting and boiling points

3. Poor electrical conductors in all phases

4. Many soluble in nonpolar liquids but not in

water


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Covalent Bonds

Polar Covalent Bonds

Nonpolar Covalent Bonds


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Polar Covalent Bonds

When a covalent bond forms with

unequally shared electrons, the

bond is said to be a polar covalent

bond.

Ex : the hydrogen-oxygen bond in the water

molecule


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Nonpolar Covalent BondsWhen a covalent bond forms between two

atoms with equally shared electrons, the

bond is said to be a nonpolar covalent

bond.Ex : H2


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D. Coordinate Covalent Bond

Definition

coordinate covalent bond is a formed

bond between two atoms of each share

two pairs of electrons. Atoms are

bonded to one another because theelectron pair is pulled by two atomic

nuclei.


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Terms and condition formation A single atom has a lone pair

Other atoms have vacant orbitals


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Example 1 : The formationof NH 4 + compounds


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Example 1: The formationof BF3-NH3 compounds

covalent bond teory material its

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