PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES OF COUNSELLING

DEFINITIONS

• EFFECTIVE COUNSELLING IS DEFINED AS “A DEFINITELY STRUCTURED PERMISSIVE RELATIONSHIP WHICH ALLOWS THE CLIENT TO GAIN AN UNDERSTANDING OF HIMSELF TO A DEGREE WHICH ENABLES HIM TO TAKE NEW POSITIVE STEPS IN THE LIGHT OF HIS NEW ORIENTATION’’

-ROGES

STUDENT COUNSELLING IS DEFINED AS” AN INTERACTION PROCESS THAT

FACILITATES MEANINGFUL UNDERSTANDING OF SELF AND

ENVIRONMENT AND RESULT IN THE ESTABLISHMENT AND FOR

CLARIFICATION OF GOALS AND VALUES FOR FUTURE BEHAVIOR”

-STONE AND SHERTZER

LEVELS OF COUNSELLING

1.INFORMAL COUNSELLING

2.NON-SPECIALIST COUNSELLING BY A PROFESSIONALS

3.PROFESSIONAL COUNSELLING

CHARECTERISTICS OF COUNSELLING

1.COUNSELLING INVOLVES TWO INDIVIDUALS.

2.THERE SHOULD BE A RELATIONSHIP OF MUTUAL RESPECT BETWEEN THE TWO INDIVIDUALS.

3.COUNSELLING IS AIMED AT BRINGING ABOUT DESIRED CHANGES IN THE INDIVIDUAL FOR SELF REALIZATION AND PROVIDING ASSISTANCE TO SOLVE PROBLEMS THROUGH AN INTIMATE PERSONAL RELATIONSHIP.

4.THE COUNSELOR DISCOVERS THE PROBLEMS OF THE COUNSELEE AND HELPS HIM TO SET UP REALISTIC GOALS AND GUIDE HIM THROUGH DIFFICULTIES AND PROBLEMS.

Contd…..5.IF THE COUNSELEE IS A STUDENT,COUNSELING HELPS HIM TO TAKE A DECISION ,MAKE A CHOICE OR FIND A DIRECTION IN MATTERS RELATED TO AN EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMME OR CAREER.

6.IT HELPS THE COUNSELEE ACQUIRE INDEPENDENCE AND DEVELOP A SENCE OF RESPONSIBILITY.IT ALSO HELPS HIM EXPLORE AND FULLY UTILIZE HIS POTENTIALS AND ACTUALIZE HIMSELF.

7.IT IS MORE THAN ADVICE GIVING.SOLUTION EMERGES THROUGH THE THINKING THAT A PERSON DOES FOR HIMSELF RATHER THAN THROUGH SOLUTOINS SUGGESTED BY THE COUNSELOR.

8.COUNSELLING CONCEENS ITSELF WITH ATTITUDES AS WELL AS ACTIONS.

Contd….9.IT INVOLVES SOMETHING MORE THAN OFFERING AN ASSISTANCE TO FIND A SOLUTION TO AN IMMEDIATE PROBLEM.

10.COUNSELLING IS DEMOCRATIC.

11.EMOTIONAL RATHER THAN PURELY INTELLECTUAL ATTITUDES ARE THE RAW MATERIALS OF THE COUNSELLING PROCESS.

12.IN THE EDUCATIONAL CONTEXT,COUNSELLING IS CENTERED AROUND THE NEEDS AND ASPIRATIONS OF THE STUDENTS.

13.COUNSELLING IS A BODY OF TECHNIQUES THAT HELPS INDIVIDUALS TO GROW UP NORMALLY THROUGH GUIDED LEARNING.

FUNCTIONS

1.ADJUSTMENTAL

2.ORIENTATIONAL

3.DEVELOPMENTAL

PHASES OF COUNSELLING

1.APPOINTMENT AND ESTABLISHING RELATIONSHIP

2.ASSESSMENT

3.DIAGNOSIS

4.SETTING GOALS

5.INTERVENTION

6.TERMINATION AND FOLLOW UP

QUALITIES OF A GOOD COUNSELOR

> GOOD LISTENER

>NON JUDGMENTAL

>WARM

>APPROACHABLE,GENUINE,MATURE

>CONFIDENTIAL,OBJECTIVE,SENCE OF HUMOR

>COMMON SENCE,CREATIVE,IMAGINATIVECALM,EMPATHETIC,KNOWLEDGEABLE,SUPPORTIVE

>LONG EXPERIENCE AS A GOOD COUNSELOR

>CARES ABOUT CLIENT

Contd…..

>LOOKS INTERESTED, ALIVE AND FRIENDLY

>STRONG MINDED ABLE TO SPEAK ABOUT UPSETTING THINGS

>CAN RECOGNIZE AND DEAL WITH NEUROTIC AND PSYCHOTIC BEHAVIOUR

>MAKES GOOD,PLEASING EYE CONTACT.

>NOTICES,NON VERBAL,NOT EASILY EMBRASSED,DOES NOT ADVICE,CAN RECOGNIZE AND DEAL WITH NEUROTIC AND PSYCHOTIC BEHAVIOUR

PRINCIPLESa)It is strongly delicated to self direction and self realization of the client or the student.

b)It emphasizes thinking with individual

c)It maintains relationship of trust and confidence with client.

d)It is the development of the insights and understandings of the relation of self and environment.

e)It is a structured learning situation.There should be a structured knowledge for the counsellor

f)A counsellor has to listen attentively, answer questions objectively,reinforce important information.

Contd….

g)Counselling methods vary with the needs of the client.ie,the education setting,job setting etc.

h)It is primarily preventive and remedial process.

i)It is voluntary for the students.

J)Let the client make voluntary informed decision.

K)Maintain dignity of individual as individual is primary concern in counselling.

Other Principles• Acceptance• Respect for the individual• Permissiveness• Learning• Thinking with the client

TECHNIQUES OF COUNSELLING1.Establishing rapport2.Cultivating self understanding3.Advising and planning a programme of actiona)Direct advisingb)Persuasive method4.Explanatory method.5)Referral to other personnel workersa)Silenceb)Acceptancec)Clarificationd)Restatemente)Approvalf)Asking questionsg)Humourh)Summary classification

Contd…

i)Analysisj)Interpretationsk)Regressionl)Assurance

Principles to be followed in counselling technique

A)ACCEPTANCE

B)RESTATEMENT

C)CLARIFICATION

D)REASSURANCE

E)INTERPRETATION

F)ADVICE

G)REJECTION

H)LEAD

DO’S AND DONT’S IN COUNSELLING

*Do have a caring attitude

*Do listen well

*Do remember each of the principles of counselling

*Do maintain a record

*Do work on assessment ,diagnosis and prognosis

*Do discuss with experienced professionals

*Do maintain confidentiality

*Do be punctual for appointments*Do prepare in advance for the next appointment

DO NOT

-Do not label the student

-Do not get too close to the student emotionally and physically

-Do not share secrets with your student

-Do not manipulate the student

-Do not jump in to conclusions

-Do not accept gifts or favours

-Do not protect the student

NEED OF COUNSELLING IN NURSING EDUCATION*To help them to develop a positive attitude towards life*To help students adjusting with the new environment of the nursing institute*To help in developing qualities required for a successful nursing practice*To help students in getting adjusted with the clinical environment*To help students in touch with the latest trends in nursing*To help students in developing positive learning habits,especially in skill learning so that they can retain and transfer the learned lessons in a better way.*To help in the development of appropriate coping stratergies in order to deal with stress in a protective manner.

Contd…..

*To help nursing students in establishing proper identity*To help the students to overcome periods of confusion*To help the students in developing their leadership qualities*To motivate them for taking membership in professional organizations after completing their studies*Help them to make advantages of technological advancements in the patient care.