cosmetice genralitati

7/28/2019 cosmetice genralitati

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Presented By :

Mr. Hiren Patel

Guided by :

Mr. Mohmadmoin k. Modasiya

M.Pharm


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DEFINITION

According to D & C Act:-

Cosmetics mean any articles meant to berubbed, poured, sprinkled or sprayed on or

introduced into or otherwise applied to anypart of the human body for cleansing,beautifying, promoting attractiveness oraltering appearance and include any articleintended for use as a component of cosmetic.Soap is not covered under cosmetic product.


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INGREDIENTS OF COSMETICS

Water

Oils, Fats, Waxes

Humectants

Surfactants

Preservatives

Perfumes And Colors

Herbal Or Plant Material

Functional Raw Materials


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WATER: -

It is the main ingredient of cosmeticsformulation. Thus stability and quality of finalproduct is dependant on the purity of waterused so pure water should be used in

manufacturing of cosmetics. Pure water onlarge scale can be manufactured by any of themethods mentioned below.

Ion exchange system

Distillation

Reverse osmosis


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OIL, FATS and WAXES:-

These are used in preparation of creams, lotions,brilliantine, hair oil, lipsticks etc. The source of oil,fat & wax can be mineral source & animal source.The source and example is given below.

Source:-1) Mineral source-mineral oil

-paraffin and petroleum jelly

2) Animal source

-wool fat

-bees wax, Spermaceti


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Name of oil

(Vegetable)

Use in cosmetics

Almond Creams (emollient)

Arachis Hair oil, Brilliantines

Castor Lip stick, hair oil cream ,lotion

Olive oils ,creams lotions

Type of mineral oil Use in cosmetics product

Light liquid paraffin In bath oil, hair

oil,lotions,creams,brilliantineHeavy liquid paraffin In bath oil, hair oil ,lotions, creams,

brilliantine (emollient)


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HUMECTANTS:-This is added to prevent drying out of cosmetics (e.g. o/wcreams)

Type of

Humectant

Examples

Inorganic Calcium chloride (not used now due to compatibilityproblems)

Metal organic Sodium lactate (used in sunscreen lotions)

Organic Polyethylene glycol, Propylene glycol, glycerol,

sorbitol, mannitol, glucose


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SURFACTANTS: -

Surfactants lower one or more boundary tensions

at interface in the system. one common feature ofsurfactant is that they all are amphipathic

molecules containing a hydrophobic part & a

hydrophilic part. Used in cosmetics to impart

following functions.

DETERGENCY, WETTING, FOAMING,

EMULSIFICATION, SOLUBILIZATION


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Type of

surfactant

Examples

1.Anionic Fatty acid soaps, alkyl sulphates, alkyl sulphonates,

polyethylene glycol ester,alkyl ether sulphates

taurines,sarcosinates etc.

2.Cationic Alkyl trimethyl ammonium salts, Dialkyl dimethyl

ammonium salts alkyl pyridinium salts, quaternised

diamine salts.

3. Non ionic Alkanolamides,alkyl polyglycol ether, thioethers,

alkyl polyethyleneimine amides.

4.Ampholytic Betains, alkylimidazolines, acyl peptides,etc.


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PRESERVATIVES:- Used to prevent spoilage whichoccurs due to

1) Oxidation of oils 2) Microbial growth

Types of preservatives :- Anti microbial agents:- e.g. .Benzoic acid, formaldehyde,

cresol, phenol, thiomersol,phenyl mercuric salts. Etc.

Antioxidants :- Gallic acid, methyl

gallate,BHA,BHT,Tocopherol, citricacid,Ethanolamine,lecithin,ascorbic acid, sodium sulphite,Sodium metabisulphite

Antioxidant synergists: - Enhance the efficacy ofantioxidants. examples include:-ascorbic acid, citric acid,phosphoric acid

UV absorbers:-These are mainly used in products whichare vulnerable to visible or UV light. By incorporating UVabsorbers colorless containers can be used if deteriorationis due to UV light only.


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PERFUMES:- The word perfume has been derived fromper means through and fumum means smoke. It

suggests that early perfumes were pleasant smellsobtained by burning wood and grass etc.

Source of perfume Example

Natural (Animal source) Musk ,civet, Ambergris, Castroreum etc.

Natural (Plant source) Rose ,jasmine, lemon, lavender etc.

Aroma chemical Eugenol, Farnesal, Rose oxide, Citral ,Limonene

Floral base Rose base, Jasmine base

Woody base Citrus base(in colognes),spice base, oriental base,

fruity base ,etc


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COLORS:

It defined as visual sensation caused by a definite wavelength

by an object by one/more phenomenon of emission,reflection, refraction, transmission.

Colors can be classified into three classes:-

a) Natural colors:- Plant source :- e.g. Saffron, turmeric Animal source:-e.g. Cochineal (red)

b) Inorganic colors:-

e.g. Iron oxides, chromium oxides, carbon

black,titanium dioxide, zinc oxide etc.c) Coal tar colors:-Tartrazine, amaranth, Erythrosine,

Indigocarmine. etc.


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HERBAL OR PLANT MATERIAL:-These herbal or plantmaterials are used in different cosmetics preparations.

NAME USE IN COSMETICS

Almond Facial and body scrubs

Azadiracta Tooth paste and skin care

Comfrey Creams and lotions

Tulsi Skin cream and lotions

Cucumber Masks, toner, cleanser

Henna Dyeing of hair

Amla Shampoo

Jasmine Hair oil

Lemon Skin tonic, cleansers

Apricot Facial and body scrubs


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FUNCTIONAL RAW MATERIALS

TYPE EXAMPLE & USEVITAMINS Vit C (antioxidant in emulsion),vit A,

Vit E (skin beautification)

AMINO ACIDS(all essential amino acids)

ANTI

INFLAMMATORY

AGENTS

Allantoin (hand cream & lotion) Cade

oil(eczema& psoriasis),Calamine

SUNSCREEN

AGENTS

PABA, Vitamin C, Quinine salts

Coumarin derivatives

ANTIDANDRUFF Selenium, cadmium sulphide, ZPTO


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COSMETICS FOR SKIN

Skin cream

Lotion

Face powder & Compacts Skin colorants

Body powder

Face pack & Masks Bath Preparations (bath salt,oil,powder,foam)


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Functions of Skin

Regulation of body temperature.

Protection.

Sensation.

Excretion.

Immunity. Blood reservoir.

Synthesis of Vitamin D.

Function of skin cosmetics1) To provide decoration

2) To supplement natural functions of skin


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1. CREAMS

TYPES OF CREAMS:

Cleansing cream

Massage creams

Night creams

Moisturizing creams

Foundation creams

Vanishing creams

All purpose creams


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CLEANSING CREAM

Cleansing cream is required for removal of facial makeup, surface grime, oil, water and oil soluble soilefficiently mainly from the face & throat.

Characteristic

Be able to effectively remove oil soluble & watersoluble soil, surface oil from skin.

Should be stable &have good appearance.

Should melt or soften on application to the skin

Should spread easily without too much of drag. Its physical action on skin & pore openings should be

that of flushing rather than absorption


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Type of cleansing cream Anhydrous type:-

Emulsified type:-

Common Ingredients:-

Oil phase..Spread easily

Waxes..Give appropriate thixotropyEmollient materiallikes cetyl alcohol,

spermaceti, lanolinWater phase with preservative

Ingredients QuantityMineral oil 80 gm

Petroleum jelly 15gm

Ozokerite wax 5 gm

Preservative and

perfumes

q.s


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Beeswax Borax type

These contain high percentage of mineral oil. These are o/w type.

After the cream is being rubbed into the skin sufficient quantity of

water evaporates to impart a phase inversion to the w/o type.

Ingredients Quantity

Bees wax 2 gm

Borax 2 gm

Almond oil 50 gm

Rose water 35.5 gm

Lanolin 0.5gm

preservative and perfume q.s


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NIGHT & MASSAGE CREAM

The mostly have a moisturizing & a nourishing effect ofaffected skin. These also contain vitamins andhormones basing on the application. This cream givebetter look to the skin and prevent dryness.


Mineral oil- 1gm

Borax 1gm

Petroleum jelly- 8gm

Water 35gm

White bees wax- 15gm

Paraffin wax 1.0gm

Lanolin 2gm

Perfume & preservative- q.s


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Stearic acid- 15gm

Glycerin 5gm

KOH 0.5 gm

Water 75.82 gm

NaOH 0.18 gm

Cetyl alcohol 0.50 gm

Propylene glycol 3.0gm

Preservative &

Perfume

q.s

VANISHING CREAM

These are named so asthey seem to vanishwhen applied to theskin.

High quantity of stearicacid as oil phaseused.This provides an oilphase which meltsabove body temp, andcrystsllises in a suitableform, so as to invisible inuse and give a nongreasy film.


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Lanolin 2 gm

Propylene glycol 8gm

Cetyl alcohol- 0.50 gm

Water 79.10 gm

Stearic acid 10gm

KoH 0.40 gm

Perfume & Preservative q.s

FOUNDATION CREAM

Applied to skin toprovide a smoothemollient base orfoundation for the

application of facepowder & other makeup preparations.

Types:1) Pigmented creamswhich are coloured

2) Unpigmented creams


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Isopropyl myristate 4 gm

Mineral oil 2 gm

Stearic acid 3.gm

Emulsifying wax 275 gm

Lanolin 2.5 gm

Glycerin 3.0 gm

Triethanolamine 1 gm

Water 84.225 gm

Perfume and Preservative q.s

HAND & BODY CREAM

The repeated or constantcontact with soap anddetergent damages &removes film of sebum thusthis cream is used to impartfollowing functions to theskin.

The function of thesecreams are

- Replace/reduce waterloss.

- Provide oily film to

protect the skin.- Keep the skin soft,

smooth but not greasy.


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Mineral oil 18%

Lanolin 2%

Petroleum jelly 2%

Ozokerite 7 %

Paraffin wax 3%

Water 61.3%

Glycerol 5%

Magnesium sulphate 0.2%

Perfume, preservative q.s

ALL PURPOSE CREAMS

All purpose means it is

suitable for hands,face and body. They

are w/o types.


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Evaluation parameters for creams

Rheology : Rheology is very important as thesecreams are marketed in tubes or containers. Therheology or viscosity should remain constant.

Sensitivity : This should be tested beforehand.This test is normally done by patch test on skinand can be either open or occlusive.

Biological testing : This is particularly essentialfor products containing antiseptics, hormones,vitamins, etc.


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Glyceryl p-amino

benzoate

3.0 %

Glycerin 5.0 %

Alcohol 10 %

Methyl cellulose 0.5 %

Perfume q.s

Water to make 100 %

Sunscreen lotions

These lotion has property of protectingthe skin from sun burning.

US dept of health has recommendedfollowing ingredients to be used assunscreen agents. They absorb U.Vradiation.

CYCLOFORM MONOGLYCERYL PARA AMINO BENZOATE

DIGALLOYL TRIOLEATE

BENZYL SALICYLATE

BENZYL CINNAMATE

And few others are PABA, cinnamic acid

derivatives, coumarin derivatives,Quinine salts, uric acid derivatives.


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POWDERS

The powders should have following properties:-

Must have good covering power so can hide skin blemishes.

Should adhere perfectly to the skin & not blow off easily.

Must have absorbent property. Must have sufficient slip to enable the powder to spread on

the skin by the puff .

The finish given to the skin must be preferably of a matt orpeach like character.

The raw materials used to manufacture of variouspowders are classified with example as follows:-

RAW MATERIAL FOR POWDER


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RAW MATERIAL FOR POWDER

RAW MATERIAL FOR

POWDER IMPARTING

EXAMPLE

Covering prop Titanium dioxide,zno,kaolin,zn stearate

Adhesion prop Mg.stearate,talc,mg & ca salt of myristic acid

Slip & Softness Zn/mg undecanate,aluminium hydrosilicate

Absorbency prop Starch, colloidal kaolin,bentonite,pptd chalk

Peach like finish Rice starch,silica,powdered silk

Frosted look Guanine, bismuth oxychloride,mica,Zn,Al

Color & perfumes Iron oxides


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FACE POWDER

Types of Face Powders:-

Loose face powder

Compact face powder

Talcum powder

Baby powder


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LOOSE FACE POWDER

Type Of Face

Powder

Purpose & Composition

LIGHT Dry skin, contains large amount of talc

MEDIUM Normal or moderately oily skins, lesser

talc & zinc oxide

HEAVY Extremely oily skins ,low talc but higher

amount of Zinc oxide


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LIGHT POWDER MEDIUM POWDER HEAVY POWDER

Talc ---------63gm Talc---------39.7gm Talc---------20.0gm

Kaolin --------20 gm Kaolin-------39.5 gm Kaolin(light)-20 0gm

carbonate(l) 5 gm carbonate(l) 5 gm . carbonate(l) 39 g

Zinc oxide ---5.0gm Zinc oxide ---7.0gm Zinc oxide ---15.0gm

Zinc stearate-5.0gm Zinc stearate-7.0gm Mg.stearate5.0gm

Mg.carbonate1.0gm Mg.carbonate1.0gm Color ------0.5gm

Color ------0.5gm Color ------0.2gm Perfume------0.5gm

Perfume------0.5gm Perfume------0.6gm


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COMPACT FACE POWDER

It is a dry powderwhich has beencompressed into a

cake. The pressurefor compaction isvery important.The powder must

come off easilywhen rubbed withpuff.

Type of binder Examples

1) Dry binder Zn/Mg.stearate

2) Oil binder (water

repellant )

Mineral oil, isopropyl

myristate,Lanolin derivative

3) Water soluble

binder

PVP, CMC, Cellulose, Acacia,

Tragacanth

5) Emulsion binder Triethanolamine stearate,

Glycerol monostearate


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TALCUM POWDER

It is used as an adsorbent for making the skin from theexcess moisture. Light magnesium carbonate added tomix perfume.


Zinc oxide 50 gm

Zinc stearate- 50 gm

Chlorhexidine diacetate- 3 gmLight magnesium carbonate 100 gm

Talc 797 gm

Perfume 0.2 mL


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BODY POWDER

It consists of mainly talc, with small portion of a metallicstearate, precipitated chalk, magnesiumcarbonate(light).

Boric acid act as antiseptic.


Talc 75 gm

Aluminum stearate 4 gm

Colloidal Kaolin 10 gm

Boric acid 0.3 gm

Colloidal silica 5 gm

Perfume 0.7 gm


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Evaluation of Powder

Shade control and lighting

Dispersion of colour

Pay-off

Pressure testing

Breaking test

Flow property

Particle size and abrasiveness

Moisture content and limits for colour


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SKIN COLORANTS

A) LIPSTICKSThese are basically dispersions of coloring matter in abase consisting of a suitable blend of oils, fats, waxes,suitably perfumed and flavored, moulded in the form of a

stick.B) ROUGE

These are the cosmetics preparations used to apply acolor to the cheeks. The color may vary from the palest of

pinks to the deep blue reds .The tint or color may beachieved using water insoluble colors such as iron oxidesand certain organic pigments or by using water solubleorganic colors which actually stain the skin.


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LIPSTICK

Ideal character of lipstick includes:- Should cover the lips adequately with some gloss and last

for long time.

It should make the lips soft.

The film must adhere firmly to the lips without beingbrittle.& tachy.

Should have high retention of color intensity without anychange in shade.

Should be completely free from grittiness & free from

drying. Nonirritating to the lips.

Desirable degree of plasticity & have a pleasant odor andflavor.


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Evaluation

Melting point Breaking point

Thixotropy character

Force of application Aging stability

Perfume stability

Oxidative stability

Surface anomalies Accelerated stability test

Castor oil 54 gm

Lanolin

(anhydrous)

11 gm

Candeilla wax 9 gm

Isopropyl

myristate

8 gm

White beeswax 5 gm

Carnauba wax 3 gm

Ozokerite wax 3 gm

Eosin 2 gm

Lakes 5 gm

Rose flavor q.s

Antioxidant q.s

preservative q.s


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SKIN ROUGE

Powder Rouges Stick Rouge

Talc.40

Zinc oxide..10

Magnesium carbonate.20

Pigment..14

Lanolin...30

Perfume..2

Carnauba wax3

Candelilla6

Ozokerite1.5

Bees wax1.5

Hexadecyl stearate10

Isopropyl myristate.8

Castor oil.65

BHA..0.02

Color5


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Emulsion cream rouge (vanishing type) Liquid rouge

Stearic acid.15

Potassium hydroxide.0.5

Sod. Hydroxide..0.18

Glycerin..8

Water..76

Pigment, Perfume &

Preserativeq.s

(A) Iso stearic acid.0.02

Mineral oil.30

Iso propyl myristate..5

Colloidal silica..1

Color...3

(B) Water..48.3

Triethanolamine4

Perfume.0.2


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Evaluation

Melting point

Colour dispersion

Aging stability

Container compatibility

Sedimentation of liquid rouges


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COSMETICS FOR HAIR

Includes following type of preparations:-

Shampoo

Hair tonics & Conditioners

Hair colorants and hair color remover

Hair grooming preparations

Depilatory & Epilatory

Shaving soaps & creams

Hair wave sets & lacquers ,rinses


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SHAMPOO

Ideal characters of a shampoo:- Should effectively and completely remove the dust,

excessive sebum.

Should effectively wash hair.

Should produce a good amount of foam The shampoo should be easily removed by rinsing with

water.

Should leave the hair non dry ,soft, lustrous with good,manageability.

Should impart a pleasant fragrance to the hair,. Should not make the hand rough and chapped.

Should not have any side effects or cause irritation to skinor eye.

i i f h


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Composition of shampoo:-

1) Principal surfactant (anionic type)

Non ionic surfactant has sufficient cleansing property but have lowfoaming power. Cationic are toxic. So anionic are preferred.

2) Secondary surfactant (anionic or ampholytic detergent)

They modify detergent and surfactant properties of principalsurfactant.

3) Antidandruff agents (selenium, cadmium sulfide, ZPTO)4) Conditioning agent (lanolin, oil, herbal extract, egg, amino acids)

5) Pearlescent agents (substituted 4 methyl coumarins)

6) Sequestrants (EDTA)

Added because Ca, Mg salts are present in hard water. Soaps cause

dullness by deposition of Ca, Mg soaps on hair shaft. This preventedby EDTA.

7) Thickening agents (alginates, PVA, MC)

8) Colors, perfumes and preservatives


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Evaluation of shampoos : Various physical properties and performance characteristics should be

studied. These are foam formation and foam stability,rheology, of theproducts, nature of foam, effect of the shampoo on the hair and itscharacter etc.

Effect on skin and eye : This can be done by applying it on animals.Irritation on skin can be studied by applying it on skin and observingthe effects on skin.

Powder shampoo Antidandruff shampoo

Henna powder 5 gm

Borax .15 gm

Sod. carbonate 25 gm

Pot. Carbonate .. 5 gm

Soap powder.. 50 gm

Perfume . q.s.

Selenium disulphide 2.5 gm

Bentonite ...... 5 gm

Sod. Lauryl Sulphates ... 40 g

Water 52.5 gm

Perfume q.s.


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CONDITIONERS

These are the preparationsused after shampooing torender the hair more

lustrous, easy to comb, andfree from static electricitywhen dry. Conditioners areusually based on cationicdetergents and fatty

materials like lanolin, ormineral oil.


Steryl alcohol 0.6 gm

Glyceryl

monostearate

0.2 gm

Sodium chloride 0.2 gm

Benzalkonium

chloride

1.5 gm

Water 97.5 gm

Colour q.s.

Perfume q.s.


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Evaluation

Antiseptic property

Stability test

Sensitivity test


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HAIR COLORANTS

These are used either to hide gray hair or to change the color of the hair .Hair dyes are divided into

1) Vegetable

Example is Henna

2) Metallic

Example:- Lead dyes, Bismuth dyes, Silver dyes, Copper, nickel, cobalt salts

Formula:- (Lead dyes)

Precipitated sulphur.1.3%

Lead acetate..1.6%

Glycerine.9.6%

Rose water.87.5%

3) Synthetic organic dyes

They are of two types.

a) Semipermanent dye. b) Permanent dyes

Thyoglycolic acid50% Paraphenylene diamne dye

NH3 solution(PH9.2)100%


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Evaluation

Sensitization test : This can be done on the

animal skin by applying dyestuff or the

preparation and observing the effect on the

skin.

Long term toxic effect : This is also neccesory

to evaluate the long-term effect. This can also

be done on animal.


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HAIR GROOMING AIDS

These are important group of cosmetics which are usedboth by men and women to keep their hair in order forgood looking, &enhance overall appearance.

Types:-

Brilliantines & Hair oils Hair setting lotions

Hair creams

Hair lacquers or sprays

Evaluation : Stability of the ingredients.

Physical stability.

Rheology.


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DEPILATORIES

These are the preparations that remove superfluous hair bychemical breakdown. This removes hair at the neck of the hairfollicle and thus has advantage over razor shaver which removeshair on a level with the surface of epidermis.

INGREDIENTS :- includes1. Inorganic sulphates ( Sod, calcium, barium sulphide,Strontium

sulphide)

2. Thioglycollates: - (Calcium.thioglycollate & Lithium thioglycollate)

3. Stannites: - sodium stannite

4. Enzymes:-Keratinase (3-4%)5. Humectant: - Glycerol,Sorbitol ,Propylene glycol


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Evaluation : Estimation of hair removing agents: As high concentration

of the chemical hair remover may be dangerous, it isnecessary to measure the quantity. It can be done by anyinstrumental chemical analysis.

Toxicity test: The test can be done on animal. For thispurpose rabbit can be used.

Stability.

Name of ingredient Amount

1.Strontium

sulphide

20.0 gm

2.Talc 20.0gm

3.Methyl cellulose 3.0 gm

4.Glycerin 15.0 gm

5.Water 42.0 gm

6.Perfume q.s7. Preservative q.s


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SHAVING PREPARATIONS

Type Ued before shaving

Used after shaving

Preparations before shaving includes

1) Lather shaving creams

2) Brushless shaving cream

3) Shaving soaps (solid, cream)

4) Aerosol preparation

Preparation after shaving is

Aftershave lotion


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INGREDIENTS AMOUNT

Stearic acid 16 gm

Mineral oil 14 gm

Spermaceti 2 gm

Glycerin 6 gm

Dil .ammonia solution 2 gm

Water 6 gm

Perfume q.s

Preservative q.s

Brushless shaving cream LATHER SHAVING CREAM

INGREDIENTS AMOUNT (%)

Stearic acid 28

Coconut oil 12

Palm oil 5

Pot. hydroxide 6.5

Sod. hydroxide 1.5

Glycerin 10

perfume q.s

Preservative q.s

Water to make 100


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Evaluation :

Determination of free caustic alkali.

Determination of potash soap.

Determination of total free acids.

Determination of total fatty materials.

Foam formation

Skin sensitization test

Stability of the creams.


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COSMETICS FOR NAILS

Includes

Nail polishes

Nail lacquers & removers

Nail bleaches & Stain removers

Cuticle remover & softener

Fingernail elongations


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NAIL POLISHES

A distinction between nail polishes and lacquer isthat in nail polish exert the abrasive action. Dueto friction it draw the blood to numerouscapillaries of nail bed and increasing blood

supply, and exert stimulating effect to growth ofnail. Examples are stannic oxide, talc, precipitatedchalk. Silica exert abrasive action.

Formula:- Stannic oxide90%

Powdered silica.8%Butyl stearate2%

Pigment & Perfume.. ..q.s


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NAIL LACQUERS

These are the preparations that cover the nail with a waterand air impermeable layer which normally remains for days.

Evalution : Non-volatile content

Drying rate:

Smoothness

Hardness

Adhesion

Stability

Water resistance Viscosity

Abrasion resistance

INGREDIENT AMOUNT

Nitrocellulose 16 gm

Resin 9 gm

plasticizer 4.8 gm

Solvent 60.5 gm

color 0.5 gm

Perfume q.s


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LACQUER REMOVERS

These are also called as nail cleansers which is

applied to remove nail lacquers.

Ingredients Amount

Butyl acetate 15 gm

Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether 80 gm

Propylene glycol ricinoleate 05 gm

Perfume q.s


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CUTICLE REMOVERS AND SOFTENERS

Cuticle preparations either soften or remove the cuticles.

Formula

Lanolin 4.0 gm

Beeswax 1.0 gm

Petroleum jelly 95.0 gm

Perfume q.s.

Evaluation parameter : Stability of the products, rheology, film characters etc. are some tests

which are required to be done depending on the type of the products


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COSMETICS FOR EYES

Includes following preparations

Eye shadow

Mascara

Eyebrow pencil

Eye cream

Eye liners

Kajal


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EYE SHADOW

Give a back ground of color to the eye Formulated as cream, liquid, powder or stick.

Ultramarine(20 part)& Ti02 --- (BLUE)

Iron oxide(30 part) &Ti02 (5 part)-- (BROWN)

Ingredients Amount

petroleum jelly 47.5 gm

Liquid lanolin 4.5 gm

Bees wax 4.5 gm

Micro

crystalline wax

8.5 gm

Isopropyl myristate 35 gm


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EYE LINER

Types1. Pencil type

2. Liquid type (suspension in a base containing film formingmaterial)

3. Cake eye liners

Formulation of Cake type eyeliner

Kaolin 5%

Zn Stearate 12%

Ppted Caco3 7 %

Pigment 10%

Talc to make 100 %


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EYE BROW PENCIL

Contain high proportion of wax to increase M.P so that these can bemoulded into sticks

Ingredient Amount

Bees wax 25%

Ozokerite 25%

Butyl stearate 8%

Lanolin 2%

Castor oil 25%

Mineral oil 15%

Perfume q.s

Antioxidant q.s


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MASCARA

Black pigmented preparation for applying to eye

lashes or eye brows ,it darkens the eye lashes &

gives an illusion of their density and length.

Type:- Cake , Cream , Liquid

Carbon black 55 %

Coconut oil sodium soap 25%

Palm oilsodium soap 22.5%

Formulation of liquid mascara


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TOOTH PASTES

Tooth pastes are most popular valuable andwidely used preparations for cleansing the teeth.It has largest share of dental cleansing and carepreparations.

Tooth pastes are preferred over other dentalpreparations because of following reasons. Easy to take and spread on the tooth brush

No spillage or wastage

Attractive consistency Proper distribution in mouth

Available in wide varieties


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Formulation

The binder is premixed with solid abrasive, which

is then mixed with the liquid phase, containing

humectant, preservative and sweetener into a

mixer. After formation of homogeneous paste, the

flavour and detergent are added, mixed, milled

deairated and tubed.


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TOOTH POWDERS

Tooth powders are oldest and simplest

preparations. Over the years their market share

has been reduced due to popularity of pastes, but

steel they have a considerable market share. The main problems encountered with powders

are-

Floating of powder in air during manufacturing.

Formation of cake on storage

Uneven distribution in mouth


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General procedure for manufacture

This is done by simple mixing First ingredients of small quantity are premixed

and then mixed with other ingredients.

Ribbon type or agitator type of mixer are used. Flavour can be sprayed on to the bulk or can be

premixed with part of some abrasive.

EVALUATION OF SOLID DENTAL PRODUCTS


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EVALUATION OF SOLID DENTAL PRODUCTS

Identification of ingredients and estimation of their contents areessential components of overall quality control and evaluation of dentalcare products. The products, tooth pastes and tooth powders, can bebasically classified into foam forming and non-foam forming.

Some other special evaluation tests are as follows:

Abrasiveness

Particle size

Cleansing property

Consistency

PH of the product

Foaming character Limit test for arsenic and lead

Volatile matters and moisture

Effect of special ingredients


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cosmetice genralitati

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