copyright / legal liability paul van den bulck [email protected] brussels 28 november 2002...
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Copyright / Legal liabilityCopyright / Legal liabilityPaul Van den Bulck
Brussels28 November 2002
Law of : • New Technologies • Intellectual Property • Media and Entertainment • Commercial Law •
Lawyer at the Brussels Bar
Lecturer at the University of Strasbourg
Assistant at the University of Brussels
Review on the basis of the European legislation
Diversity of the geographic seats of the different Euro Info Centers
Diversity of the different national legislations implementing the different European rules (some of them are sometimes more restrictive when the directives allow it)
Preliminary remarks
3 aspects :
I. Find the information
II. Extract the information
III. Deliver the information
Legal and information watch
analogue (“paper”)
electronic (internet, ..)
verbal sources (political speeches, declarations, public lectures,, …)
I. Finding of the information
- Various medium :
- No specific legal problem linked to the medium
II. Extraction of the information
- Protection of the information by the copyright framework
- Protection by the databases legal framework
A. Protection by the copyright
2 main types of rights:
- Economic rights: reproduction, communication and distribution
- Moral rights: mainly the right of respect of the integrity of the work and the right for the author to have his name indicated on the work.
Various exceptions to the economic rights
- Vary from a member state to another
- Main exceptions included in the directive on Information society and interesting the Euro Info Centers
Reproductions on paper or any similar medium
Quotation (+author’s name)
Political speeches as well as extracts of public lectures or similar work (+ author’s name)
B. Protection by the databases legal framework (directive 96/9/EC)
Definition database :
(1) a collection of independent works, data or other materials arranged
(2) in a systematic or methodical way
(3) and individually accessible by electronic or other means.
Some Websites enter in the definition of the databases.
Legal system : - Protection of the presentation of the database :
“Sui generis” right in favor of the “maker”: the right of the maker of a database to prevent extraction and or re-utilization of the whole or of a substantial part of the contents of the database.
Condition of this right: the maker must show that there has been a substantial investment in either the obtaining, verification or presentation of the contents
Copyright in favor of the author if : by reason of the selection or arrangement of its contents,constitutes the author’s own intellectual creation
- Protection of the database itself:
- Protection of one or several data by copyright: data = work of author
Right of the maker : prevent …
Extraction: transfer to another medium
Re-utilization: making available to the public (distribution of copies, renting, transmission on-line, etc…)
III. Delivery of the Information
3 aspects :
Nature of the information
Means of delivery
Others Liabilities than those linked to copyright “sensu lato”
1. Raw information - Duty to respect the author’s right (copyright), except if possibility to invoke an exception:
Duty to obtain the consent of the author for the delivery; Usually payment of a compensation for a license to use; Mentioning of his name.
- Duty to respect the protection given to the author and maker of the databases:
Prior and possible copyright on the data themselves (photo, music, text…); Possible copyright on the presentation of the database “Sui generis” right of the maker of the database:
Duty to obtain the authorization for the extraction or re-utilization of the data
2. Processed information
The processed information may be eligible to copyright protection
The processed information may be eligible to databases protection
1. Delivery via website
- Raw information:
Duty to respect the copyright and databases legal framework
Copyright: publication on a website of a protected work is a reproduction and communication
Databases: publication on a website of a protected work is an extraction and a re-utilization
- Processed Information:
eligible to protection by copyright eligible to protection by databases Utility to mention the protection :
© “the database ………….. is protected by the databases regulations. It is strictly forbidden, without the consent of the maker, to extract and/or re-utilize the whole or a substantial part of the content of this database”
Utility to use specific tools: PDF, technological measures (directive on information society : access control/protection
process : encryption, scrambling, copy control mechanism, etc…)”
2. Delivery by e-mail
- Raw information:
Duty to respect the copyright and databases legal framework
Copyright: delivery via e-mail of a protected work is a reproduction and communication
Databases: delivery in a e-mail of whole or part of a protected work is an extraction and a re-utilization
- Processed Information:
Eligible to protection by copyright
Eligible to protection by databases, but in practice the e-mail in itself will not be a database, maybe the attachment
Utility to mention the protection (Theory/practice? / carefulness):
C. Others Liabilities than those linked to copyright “sensu lato”
Others liabilities linked to the delivery of information
via a website
Others liabilities linked to the delivery of information
via e-mails
1. Others liabilities linked to the delivery of information via a website
May vary from a member state to another:
Erroneous information: contractual or extra-contractual liability (utility of disclaimers concerning the accuracy of the information)
Press offence (Belgium)
Answer right (Belgium)
etc…
2. Others liabilities linked to the delivery of information via e-mails
May vary from a member state to another:
Erroneous information: contractual or extra-contractual liability (utility of disclaimers concerning the accuracy of the information)
EC Regulations concerning the processing of personal data and protection of privacy.
V. Conclusion - Do not forget that the 3 steps of information watch have legal consequences:
Find
Extract
Deliver
Check the rights upstream
Mention the rights downstream and use protection devices
Do not forget all other possible liabilities (accuracy, processing
of personal data, press offences, etc…)