Convergence of Wireless Access and Spectrum Allocations

Mar. 19, 2001

a Network Insight seminar, Sydney

Seungtaik YangPreisident, Information and Communications

University

P.O. Box 77 Yuseong, Daejon, KOREA

e-mail: yang@icu.ac.kr

Contents

Directions to Wireless Multimedia Era Prospects for the Future Mobile Communications Requirement for Future Spectrum Management Korean Perspectives on Spectrum Management Final Remarks

Directions to Wireless Multimedia Era

Evolution of Mobile Communications

‘80 1st Generation

CT-1

CT-2

DECT

AMPS

NMT

TACS

GSM

ADC(IS-54)

PDC

IS-95

DCS1800

IS-54 basedPCS

UpbandIS-95

PCS(CDMA)

PHS

SatelliteGMPCS

Cordless Telephone

Analog CellularDigital Cellular

PCS

IMT-2000- W-CDMA- cdma2000

MobileMultimedia

‘902nd Generation

20003rd Generation

2010 (?)4th Generation

CDMA

Data Rate 8 kbps 8 - 114 kbps Up to 2 Mbps Over 2 Mbps

(year)1988 1992 1996 2000 2004

Su

bsc

rib

ers

(M

illio

n)

600

400

200

0

800

1,000

Co

mm

un

icat

ion

Tra

ffic

(ar

b.

un

it)

Man-Man Comm.

InformationExplosionExplosion

2008

600

400

200

0

800

1,000

Telephone

Internet

Next Gen.Internet

MobileCellular, PCS

BroadbandMobile

IMT-2000, B-WLL

Cyber NetworkMachine-Machine Comm.

Traffic Increase in 21 Century (Bandwidth Explosion)

IMT-2000 Service Coverage

Zone 4: Global

Satellite

Zone 3: Suburban

Zone 2: Urban

Zone 1:In-Building

Macro-CellPico-Cell

Micro-CellMega-Cell

9.6 kbps

< 144 kbps

< 384 kbps

< 2 Mbps

remote vehicular pedestrian stationary/indoor

IMT-2000 Services

Services : Voice, Data, Video,& Multimedia as

Mobile Internet

Data Base AccessIPS

e-mail

Voice

10 kbps 100 kbps 1 Mbps 10 Mbps

Service

Data Rate

Telebanking

Electronic Newspaper,Data Service(Image,Music)

Teleshopping

Video Telephony

Video Conference

Prospects for the Future Mobile Communications

As voice is concerned, “anywhere access” is fully realized with 2-G mobiles, PABX phones, and cordless telephones.

As we enter into knowledge-based information society at the turn of the century, main focus on communication is being shifted towards ubiquitous high speed wireless multimedia/internet. “Anywhere access for data” will be the major topics for the next generation mobile systems like IMT-2000.

But, nobody is sure how much high speed data services will be needed when one is on move. While it is feasible to predict the ever-growing needs for high speed data, wherever one is located stationary. Mobility on fixed network is as important as that on mobile network.

Converging Wireless Access as Last Mile Access

Public Land Mobile Systems like 2-G and 3-G : Advantage : “wherever service” possible Disadvantage : limited data speed and capacity, and relatively high tariffs

No tariffs and high data speed Broadband Wireless LAN *: within campus or large premise, and offices Home R.F.* or Personal LAN like Bluetooth : at home or on personal move SRD (Short Range Communication Device)

Low Tariffs and high data speed, where the fixed system is not conveniently accessible Broadband Fixed Wireless Access* Broadband Satellite Internet Service*

Low tariffs and very high data speed SCS (Stratospheric Communication System)*

* possible application of microwave and mm-wave technology

Satellite

WirelessWirelessDigitalDigital

ConvergenceConvergence

HAPSDVB

GPRS

WPAN

W-CDMA

Satellite/HAPS

Broadcasting

Cellular

Indoors

BWA

Wireless Local Loop

HIPERLAN

W-LAN

Wireless1394

CDMA2000

PCS

4G as the Integration

GSM

DAB

IS-95

Broadband W-LAN

LMDS

Bluetooth

WLAN

MMDS

IPv6IPv6SDRSDR

Global layer

Macro layer

Micro layer

Satellite, HAPS / DVB, DAB

IMT2000

Pico layer

fixed (wired) layer All-IP Network

WPAN

BluetoothWireless 1394

WLAN HIPERLAN

CDMA2000 WCDMA

CDMA GSM PCS

Global •Outdoor• Mobile / still / fixed• Coverage :100Km ~ • Max. Data rate : ~155Mbps• L,S,C,Ku,Ka, mm Wave band

Cellular / Macro•Outdoor /Indoor• Mobile / still • Coverage : ~ 3Km • Max. Data rate : ~2Mbps• 800MHz ~ 2GHz

Wireless LAN / Micro• Outdoor / Indoor• Still / fixed• Coverage : ~ 300M• Max. Data rate : ~ 54Mbps• 2.4GHz ~ 5.8GHz

Wireless PAN / Pico•Indoor• Still / fixed• Coverage : ~ 10M• Max. Data rate : ~1Mbps• 2.4GHz

Broadband Wireless Access• Outdoor• Fixed• Coverage : ~ 12.5Km • Max. Data rate : ~155Mbps• 20GHz ~ 60GHz (mm Wave band)

BWA

LMDS

MMDS

Hierarchical Layered Convergence

ha

nd

ov

er

handover

Converging Stage of Various Wireless Access

in the Future

OutDoor

InDoor

Vehicle

Pede-strian

Still

Fixed

Still

0.1 1 10 100

Data Rate(Mbits/sec)

Converging StageConverging StageSystem BeyondSystem Beyond

IMT-2000IMT-2000

Wireless LAN

LMDS

Wireless PAN

IMT-2000Phase2

IMT-2000 Phase1

Broadband/Satellite Wireless Access

Ultra High SpeedWLAN

Wired Line

Wireless LAN

Requirements for Next Generation(4-G) System

High speed data rate : Vehicular : 2 Mbps Pedestrian/ Indoor : 20 Mbps

IP based network structure : QoS guaranteed Next generation Internet support : IPv6, Mobile IP High Capacity : 5 ~ 10 times to 3-G Lower system cost Seamless services with fixed, and private networks like

Wireless LAN, BWA etc. Frequency band : 3 ~ 8 GHz, possibly higher Frequency Spectrum Requirements :

ITU-R recommends additional 180 MHz bands for IMT-2000 services by 2010.

For 4-G, conservative estimates is at least 1,000 MHz by 2015

Requirement for Future Spectrum Management Facing More and More Complications

Ever Increasing Demands and Values for Frequency Spectrum

Convergence of Diverse Services Differentiation among Services or Systems ambiguous Especially for the 4-G Services

Appearance of New Unpredicted Services Flexibility of Spectrum Use needed

Globalization and De-regularization Trends Need of Long-and–Medium Term Frequency

Spectrum Planning

Korean Perspectives on Spectrum Management

Status of Telecommunications in Korea Population : 46 Millions / 99,300 sq. km

Seoul : 11.0 Millions / 605 sq. km Pusan : 4.0 Millions / 436 sq. km

Status of Telecommunications- Wireline Operators :

KT (Korea Telecom) : Major PTT, IMT-2000 DACOM : PSDN, International & Long Distance Hanaro : Local Loops, WLL Onse Telecom : International & Long Distance

- Wireless Operators : SK Telecom : Cellular, IMT-2000

Shinsegi Telecom : Cellular KT Freetel, KTM.com & LG Telecom : PCS 8 Regional Pager Operators : Pager TRS Operators ( 2 national, and 9 regional) : Digital TRS 3 Mobile Data Operators : Wireless Data

Regulator : MIC ( Ministry of Information & Communication )

Cellular & PCS Subscribers in Korea

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000

cdma pcs

cdma cellular

amps

( *1 M )

MIC’s Policy on Spectrum Management

Provision of Spectrum Resources for Future Demands Technology Development and Incentive to Utilize for

Higher Frequency Bands like Millimeter-wave Band Publishing Long-term Frequency Planning Efficiency Spectrum Utilization for Existing Bands of

Use Narrower Channel Bandwidth Frequency Spectrum Sharing for Different Services Trunking for Similar Services from Different

Entities/Organizations Clean Electromagnetic Environment

Maximization of Spectrum Resource Utilization Improvement of Spectrum Allocation Method

Adoption of Global Standards or Trends in Spectrum Allotment

Spectrum Reassignment through Actual Frequency Usage Statistics

Spectrum Allocation by Market-based Mechanism Public Access to Current Frequency Database Electronic Filing System for Procedure of Radio

Station Licensing

Current Spectrum Allocations Policy

1. Appraisal of Proposals with Pre-fixed Pricing (hybrid form)

Based on Economic Values and Technical Effectiveness Existing Competitions in the Market Needs for Accelerating Commercial Services

Price Range Pre-fixed, and Fund Contributed for Telecommunication Development

Exclusive Right to Use for Specific Services, and Renewable with Additional Prices after Licensing Period of less than 20 yrs

2. Allocation by Conventional Review Process with No Price Based on Effectiveness of Intended Spectrum Use Fairness and Conformity to Public Interest Needs of Applicants Technical and Financial Capabilities of Applicants

3. Spectrum Auction (X) Once considered, but discarded due to

negative reactions of general public, and many other adverse effects

Status of Hot Service Licensing's

IMT-2000 Services ( Method 1) Will license 3 Operators, each with 2*20 MHz

Duplex Bands 1 for cdma2000 system, 1 for W-CDMA system, and 1 with option to take either Telecom. Development Fund ranged between 1 billon ~

1.1 billion US$ Commercial Services due by May, 2,002, but possibilities

of delay Result among 4 Applicants: ( Dec., 2,000)Result among 4 Applicants: ( Dec., 2,000)

- 2 W-CDMA Licenses to SK Telecom and KT, with fund - 2 W-CDMA Licenses to SK Telecom and KT, with fund ofof

1.1 billion US$, each1.1 billion US$, each- a cdma2000 applicant disqualified, and procedure- a cdma2000 applicant disqualified, and procedure postponedpostponed

Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting Services (method 2) ATSC standard adopted in 1997 Test Transmitting during 1999 ~ 2000, and at present, Trial Services in Seoul Full Commercial on-air in late this year beginning from Seoul Incumbent TV Broadcasters provided with Digital Channels

on condition that after 2,006, returning existing analog channels

Satellite Broadcasting Service (method 1) 1 license on Platform of KoreaSat II and III

Broadcasting Development Fund fixed at 17 million US$ Administered by Independent Broadcasting Commission

Result among 2 Applicants : (Dec., 2,000) KT/KBS Consortium to be licensed with 17 million $ fund

2.16G-2.2G

Cellular

824M-894M

CT

894M-960M

GMPCS

1.53G-1.66G

PCS

1.71G -1.885G

IMT2000

(Uplink)

1.90G -1.92G - 1.98G

IMT2000

(MSS

uplink)

1.98G-2.02G-2.025G

IMT2000

(Downlink)

2.11G - 2.17G

IMT2000

(MSS

Downlink)

WLAN

(802.11b

Bluetooth)

2.4G-2.48G

IMT2000

(New)

2.5G-2.69G

IMT2000

(New)

2.7G-2.9G

WLAN

(HIPER

LAN/1)

WLAN

(HIPER

LAN/2)

WLAN

(802.11a)

HIPER

LINK

WLAN

(reserved)

17.1G - 17.3G

17.7G-17.735G

5.15G-5.35G

5.47G-5.725G

5.725G-5.875G

GMPCSWLL

2.3G-2.4G

BWLL

24.25G-26.7G

Sat.

TV

(Korea)

11.7G-12.2G

10G

WLAN

(reserved)

19.2G-19.3G

WATM

(project)

40G-60G

2.17G-2.2G

(TDD) (TDD)

Frequency Allocation in Korea

4G ?4G ?3G

Final Remarks

Each country has its own regulation and customs for frequency allocation, but globalization and roaming requirements ask for more conformance to global standards.

As demands for frequency use accelerated, harmful interference may occur between neighboring countries unless close frequency planning coordination worked out.

As more diverse services merged vertically or horizontally, spectrum management becomes more complicated. The worldwide study is required to resolve.

Perhaps, economic values of spectrum use may be deemed differently from country to country. Trend is to levy some price tags.

Spectrum cap or specific use of certain bands will be removed

for improving flexibility of spectrum utilization.