contrast microscopy koehler illumination dark field phase contrast differential interference...
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Contrast Microscopy
Koehler Illumination
Dark Field
Phase Contrast
Differential Interference Contrast
Hoffman Modulation
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Phase Contrast Images
Brightfield Phase Contrast
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Phase Contrast MicroscopyF. Zernike, 1930s
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Phase Contrast Microscopy
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Phase Contrast Images
Brightfield Phase Contrast
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Contrast Microscopy
Koehler Illumination
Dark Field
Phase Contrast
Differential Interference Contrast
Hoffman Modulation
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DIC (Nomarski) Images
Phase Contrast Nomarski Optics
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James Maxwell(1831-1879)
Electromagnetism
Electromagnetic Theory of Light
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Wave Nature of Light
Under some conditions, light behaves as an electromagnetic wave (Maxwell, 1855). In this model, electric and magnetic fields oscillate perpendicular to one another and to the direction of propagation of the light wave.
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Refractive Polarization
David Brewster(1781 - 1868)
Brewster Angle[53o - 56o]
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Optical Birefringence
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Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy
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DIC
PhaseContrast
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PhaseContrast
DIC
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Hoffman Modulation
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Hoffman Modulation Images
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