Kozier & Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing, 8eBerman, Snyder, Kozier, ErbCopyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Contemporary Nursing Roles and Career Opportunities

The proliferation

of career opportunities for nurses is growing.

NURSING . . . MUCH THE SAME, BUT BIGGER AND

BETTER

History of Nursing Video

Click here to view a video on the history of nursing.

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Evolution of Nursing Practice

• Women’s roles and status

• Religious (Christian) values

• War

• Societal attitudes

• Visionary nursing leadership

Visionary Nursing Leadership

Visionary Nursing Leadership

Recipients of Nursing

• Consumer

• Patient

• Client

Scope of Nursing Practice

• Promotion of health and wellness

• Prevention of illness

• Restoration of health

• Care for the dying

Nurse Practice Acts

• Common purpose

• Legal acts

• Regulate practice

• Jurisdiction specific

Standards of Nursing Practice

• ANA: Standards of Professional Performance

• Specialty nursing organizations

Roles and Functions of Nurses

• Caregiver

• Communicator

• Teacher

• Client and advocate

• Counselor

• Change agent

• Leader

• Manager

• Case manager

• Research consumer

Roles and Functions of Nurses

Change Agent• When nurses first adopted the role of "change

agent," few individuals visualized to what extent• nurses would fulfill this role. • nurses have expanded their role as change

agents in many ways. • The profession continues to identify client and

health care delivery problems, assess their motivation and capacity for change, determine alternatives, explore possible outcomes of the alternatives, and assess cost-effective resources in infinite health-related situations.

Leader and ManagerThe leadership role of the professional nurse is

paramount to the health care system.

Nursing leadership varies according to the level of application and includes:

• Improving the health status and potential of individuals or families.

• Increasing the effectiveness and level of satisfaction among professional colleagues providing care.

• Managing multiple resources in a health care facility.• Raising citizens' and legislators' attitudes toward and

expectations of the nursing profession and the health care system.

Leader and Manager• There is little doubt that the

management role of the nurse has become more important.

• Nursing management includes planning; giving direction; and monitoring and evaluating.

• Nursing care of individuals, groups, families, and communities.

ResearcherThe majority of researchers in nursing are prepared at the doctoral and postdoctoral levels, an increasing number of clinicians with master's degrees are beginning to participate in research as part of their advanced practice role.

Researcher• Nurses prepared at the baccalaureate and

associate degree levels are also participating in research.

• These nurses may be assisting with data collection, critiquing research findings, and using these findings in practice.

• More nursing interventions are based on nursing research than in the past.

Coordinator of the Transdisciplinary Health Care Team

• Transdisciplinary teams consist of collaborative practice relationships among several disciplines of health care professionals.

• The disciplines include nursing, medicine, pharmacy, nutrition, social work, and other allied health professionals such as physical therapists, respiratory therapists, occupational therapists, and speech therapists.

Transdisciplinary health care team

• The term transdisciplinary health care team may not be as familiar as the term multidisciplinary or interdisciplinary team.

• Multidisciplinary health care teams consist of many disciplines involved in meeting client care needs.

• Interdisciplinary teams refer to coordination between and among disciplines involved in providing client care.

Transdisciplinary health care team

• Client education is another area in which collaboration and disciplines working together

• are absolutely essential. • Health care professionals must understand one

another's contributions to client education and ensure that the information clients and families receive is consistent and complete.

• This will lead to the best possible health outcomes for clients and families.

Expanded Career Roles

• Nurse practitioner• Nurse administrator• Clinical nurse

specialist• Nurse educator

• Nurse anesthetist• Nurse midwife• Nurse researcher

Research Note!

Criteria of a Profession

• Prolonged, specialized education

• Orientation toward service

• Ongoing research

• Code of ethics

• Autonomy

• Professional organization

Benner’s Stages of Nursing Expertise

Stage V,Expert

Stage IV, Proficient

Stage III,Competent

Stage II, Advanced beginner

Stage I, Novice

Critical Values of Nursing

• Code of ethics

• Standards

• Nurse practice acts

• NSNA’s Code of Academic and Clinical Conduct

• American Nurses Association (ANA)• Canadian Nurses Association (CNA)• National League for Nursing (NLN)• National League for Nursing Accrediting Commis

sion (NLNAC)

• International Council of Nurses (ICN)• National Student Nurses’ Association (NSNA)• Sigma Theta Tau Honor Society

National and International Nursing Organizations

Resources

• Other PowerPoint presentations

• Evidence based practice– Turning Research into Practice (TRIP)

• Audio Glossary

Resources

• American Nurses Association Code of EthicsThis site defines the Code of Ethics and offers the nurse the opportunity to purchase the Code with Interpretative Statements.

• Maryland Health Care CommissionThis site defines DRGs and pertinent administrative billing terms.

• Nursing WorldThis site posts a press release on the current nursing shortage. The site offers mechanisms to alleviate the current nursing shortage.

• Tribute to Virginia HendersonVirginia Henderson is an important historical nursing figure. She has left her imprint on modern nursing.

• American Holistic Nurses AssociationThis is the official Web site for the AHNA.

Resources

• From Novice to ExpertDiscussion on Patricia Benner's From Novice to Expert theory

• US Society: Census and DemographicsThis site describes the U.S. population, age, racial and ethnic composition, and population growth.

• National League for Nurses Web SiteThis site defines the role of the NLN.

• American Association of the Colleges of NursingThis site defines the roles of the AACN.