Construction LeadershipConstruction LeadershipConstruction LeadershipConstruction LeadershipThe Basics – Part 4The Basics – Part 4CommunicationsCommunications

Where we’re headedWhere we’re headed

Ralph V. Locurcio, P.E.

Part I - Personal LeadershipPart I - Personal Leadership• Basics of Leadership• Leadership traits• Personality• Motivation• Communications

…• Leadership Styles

Ralph V. Locurcio, P.E.

Ralph V. Locurcio, P.E.

My Fortune CookieMy Fortune CookieA leader is a person you will follow to a place you wouldn’t go by yourself…

(author unknown)

Leadership Basics…Leadership Basics…

Ralph V. Locurcio, P.E.

The Basis of MBTI…The Basis of MBTI…According to Carl Jung…• “Predictable differences in individuals are caused by differences in the way people prefer to use their minds.”

• “When you use your preferred method, you are at your natural best, feel most confident and energetic.”

Ralph V. Locurcio, P.E.

The Basis of MBTI…The Basis of MBTI…

The MBTI measures these preferences…

– Focus of attention: Extraversion or Introversion

– Acquiring information: Sensing or iNtuition– Making decisions: Thinking or Feeling– External orientation: Judging or Perceiving

Class MBTI ProfilesClass MBTI Profiles

Ralph V. Locurcio, P.E.

Percent 85.2% 56.6% 43.4% 54.7% 45.3% 62.3% 37.7% 71.7% 24.5%

Grade MBTI E I N S T F J P

Percent 83.7% 61.7% 36.2% 55.3% 42.6% 66.0% 31.9% 83.0% 14.9%

Grade MBTI E I N S T F J P

A Group

B Group

Ralph V. Locurcio, P.E.

Motivation & LeadershipMotivation & Leadership

1-Basic Physiological Needs

2-Physical & Emotional Safety

3-Belonging & Love

Moti

vato

rs

Hygie

ne

Fact

ors

4-Esteem

5-Self

11 - Interesting jobs

6 - Achievement

6 – Good salary

3 – Working

conditions

2 - Job security

2 - Personal life

2 – Recognition

2 - Relations with

boss

1 - Job status

0 - Criticism

LeadershipZone

60%

TreadingWater

Ralph V. Locurcio, P.E.

Motivational Motivational

FactorsFactors(class responses)(class responses)_21__ Interesting jobs _13__ Good salary/advancement _13__ Good working conditions__8__ Job security__6__ Achievement__5__ Support for personal life__3__ Recognition for your work__3__ Good relations with boss__2__ Job status, a title__1__ Constructive criticism

Ralph V. Locurcio, P.E.

Ralph V. Locurcio, P.E.

Ralph V. Locurcio, P.E.

Communications: Communications: The Essential Leadership ToolThe Essential Leadership Tool

• The Functions of Communications• The Communications Process• Types of Communications• Verbal & Non-verbal

communications• Why Communications Fail• Leader’s Communications Goals• Making Effective Presentations

Ralph V. Locurcio, P.E.

Communications ExerciseCommunications Exercise

Ralph V. Locurcio, P.E.

Communications ExerciseCommunications Exercise

• Select a volunteer “communicator”• Without naming the object, give

directions to the group so that they will reproduce this object exactly in terms of size, shape and orientation.

• You have 5 minutes for the task

Ralph V. Locurcio, P.E.

Communications ModelCommunications ModelFilter

s

SourceEncoder

ReceiverDecoder

Message

A,A,A,A!! --- ---- ??????

PersonalityPerceptionAttitudesEmotionsPrejudices

Personal Goals

Skill levelFormat

EnvironmentYour delivery

Ralph V. Locurcio, P.E.

Communications is Communications is “transactional”“transactional”

• Always a two-way process• Factors affecting understanding:

Verbal = 30% of the messageoWords, Gestures, Voice

Non-verbal = 70% of the messageoFace, Eyes, Expression, Reaction

Ralph V. Locurcio, P.E.

Communications ModelCommunications Model

Filters

SourceEncoder

ReceiverDecoder

Message

A,A,A,A!! --- ---

PersonalityPerceptionAttitudesEmotionsPrejudices

Personal Goals

Skill levelFormat

EnvironmentYour delivery

Feedback

A,A,A,A!!!

Ralph V. Locurcio, P.E.

Communications is Communications is “transactional”“transactional”

• Always a two-way process• Skills are hereditary & developed• Much of process is sub-conscious

– No time for thinking– Reactions are from sub-conscious– Responses can be expanded through

experience

• Relationships ease communications

Ralph V. Locurcio, P.E.

Functions of CommunicationsFunctions of Communications

• Informational – task oriented• Instrumental – enable

collaboration• Social – maintain relationships• Expression – conveys feelings• Persuasion – changes attitudes• Ritual – related to roles

Ralph V. Locurcio, P.E.

Types of CommunicationsTypes of Communications

• Task oriented communications– Accomplish a goal or mission– Tend to be adversarial & tense– Result is negative interaction

• Relationship oriented communications– Do not contribute to goals or mission– Purpose is to ease tension and maintain relationships– Explaining, reasoning, compromising… finding common

ground– Result is positive interaction

• Need a balance of both… pos > neg

Ralph V. Locurcio, P.E.

Disagreement is not all bad…Disagreement is not all bad…

• Diversity improves decisions– Introduces differing viewpoints & experiences– Avoids blind spots– Exposes risk– Tests validity of decisions– Avoids “group think”

• Dysfunctional when conflict results– Confine discussion to issues– Avoid personal attacks– Leader must set the balance

Ralph V. Locurcio, P.E.

Why Communications FailWhy Communications Fail• Poor expression – choice of words, sensitivity to

group, poor diction or delivery, culture differences• Reluctant communicators – shy, uncomfortable,

avoid conflict, personality, unfamiliar with group• Dominant communicators – over power others,

status, experience, cause “group think”• Failure to question/disagree – issues remain,

risks not questioned, new methods not explored• Mechanics – distance, method, distortion, overload

Ralph V. Locurcio, P.E.

Leader’s Communication Leader’s Communication GoalsGoals

• Deliver a clear picture of the task• Deliver or develop a clear plan of action• Make people feel important• Show you value employees & their ability• Be a good listener, consider other’s views• Be sympathetic to ideas & needs• Be sincere & fair with everyone• Give plenty of praise & encouragement• Establish balance & maintain relationships

Ralph V. Locurcio, P.E.

Making PresentationsMaking Presentations

• Structure• Delivery• Evaluation

Ralph V. Locurcio, P.E.

Basic Format for a Basic Format for a PresentationPresentation

I. Introduction - Attention getting step- Preview of your presentation

II. Discussion - Develop key points - Support with data… be careful! - Logical order

III. Conclusion - Review main points - Memorable statement

Ralph V. Locurcio, P.E.

““Styles Presentation/Paper”Styles Presentation/Paper”

I. Introduction - Attention getting step – be creative – get the audience to listen to you!- State your leadership style clearly

II. Discussion- Talk about your MBTI & how it influences your “preferred style- Explain how you “prefer” to lead a team and why… give your style a

“name”- Give an example of a person or event that influenced your decision- Tell a personal story: sports, activity, family experience- Describe a personal experience from an internship or summer job- Have an outline and be sure to follow a logical order and timing

III. Conclusion- Review the main points… your MBTI & style- Close with a statement that will make the audience “remember” your talk

Ralph V. Locurcio, P.E.

Evaluating your presentationEvaluating your presentation1. Key points (10) – clear message2. Organization (10) – good format3. Graphics (10) – simple & related4. Delivery (10) – voice & diction5. Posture (10) – eye contact6. Timing (10) – pace & limits7. Creativity (20) - interesting8. Effectiveness (20) – convincing

Ralph V. Locurcio, P.E.

Effective PresentationsEffective Presentations• Eye contact: face your audience • Diction: speak slowly & clearly• Impact: use simple clear graphics• Time: stick to your limit = 5 minutes!!!

• Memory: 3 or 4 Key points… max!• Organize: simple clear structure• Rehearse: practice delivery & timing• Engage: your audience… do not read

Ralph V. Locurcio, P.E.

Delivery TechniquesDelivery Techniques1. Step up and speak with confidence & authority2. Establish contact with audience before speaking3. Begin without using notes4. Maintain contact with your audience5. Sound extemporaneous… not reading or

memorized6. Use only one 3x5 card for notes7. Avoid annoying pauses: ah, eh, so, well, etc.8. Separate ideas… don’t run them together9. Have good posture, don’t lean or cross legs10. No distractions like coins, pencils, aids11. Dress appropriately12. Speak loudly & clearly

Ralph V. Locurcio, P.E.

End of Part 1 – Don’t go End of Part 1 – Don’t go away!away!

Ralph V. Locurcio, P.E.

Solution to using MBTI…Solution to using MBTI…

Personality types:Prof Locurcio: ENTJ 44,75,38,44Dr. Cosentino: ENFJ 89,62,38,56Dr. Pandit: ISTJ 62,38,36,22Dr. Heck: INTJ44,12,1,44Dr. Pinelli: INTJ11,12,1,33