ConsolidatedSlides

Addressingthetransboundarydimensionsofthe2030Agendathroughregionaleconomiccoopera9onandintegra9on

ICTandDevelopmentSec4on

ICTandDisasterRiskReduc4onDivisionESCAP

3

ESCAP

2.ESCAP•  Established1947,HQinBangkok,Thailand

•  RegionaldevelopmentarmoftheUnitedNa9onsfortheAsia-Pacificregion.

•  53MemberStatesand9AssociateMembers

•  Theregionishometo4.1billionpeople,ortwothirdsoftheworld’spopula9on

Formoreinforma9on(hUp://www.unescap.org/)

4

5

6

Projectandincep4onmee4ng

7

•  Infrastructure connec9vity = a vital factor for thesocioeconomic development of landlocked developingcountries.

•  ESCAP’s Regional Economic Coopera9on and Integra9on(RECI)agenda isbringingcountries together throughamul9-dimensional approach to enhance infrastructure connec9vitywhichcomprisestransport,energyandICTconnec9vity.

ProjectBackground

StatusofConnec9vity

•  AllthethreeCountriesareLandlockedDevelopingCountries(LLDC)

–  Givenalackofterritorialaccesstothesea.

–  Interna9onalconnec9vityishighlydependentontheirneighboringcountries

•  Duetodesert,mountainousterrain,and/orlowpopula9onsscaUeredoverlargedistances,difficul9esemergeforthecountriestodevelopinfrastructureinremoteandruralareas.

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Targetsectorsandrela4onshipEnergy Transport ICT

SeamlessConnec4vitySynergiesOpportuni4es Challenges

Costeffec4ve:upto75percentofcivilengineeringcosts

couldbesaved

Poten4alupdatetoins4tu4onalinstrumentcould

stall-disincen4viseinvestment

Finance:WhatwouldaKractinvestment?

DisasterRiskReduc4on

Socialdimensionsfor“nooneleNbehind”

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•  Synergies needed among transport, energy and ICTdevelopment

•  Development of infrastructure connec9vity be inclusive ofpeopleintheunderservedareasandcommuni9es,ensuringthatnooneislebbehind

•  Development of infrastructure connec9vity to be resilientby poten9al impactofnaturaldisasters, considering theirhighgeographicalvulnerabili9estonaturaldisasters

•  Synergies expected to lead to cost savings and enhancedfinancingopportuni9es

Projectprinciples

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-  To enhance capacity of selected developing countries todevelop sustainable and inclusive policies andmechanisms fortrans-boundaryinfrastructuredevelopment.

-  Tointegrateinclusivenessandsustainability(disasterresilience)intothetransboundaryinfrastructuredevelopment

-  To strengthen collabora9on among relevant ins9tu9ons oragencies within and across the countries for policy coherencetowardinclusiveandsustainableinfrastructuredevelopment

ProjectObjec9ves

12

Threetargetedcountries:

-  Kazakhstan-  Kyrgyzstan,and-  Mongolia;

Twopar9cipa9ngcountries:-  China-  RussianFedera9on.

Implementa9onperiod:2018–2021.

TargetedandPar9cipa9ngCountries

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-  SDGTarget9.1:Developquality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure, includingregionalandtrans-borderinfrastructure,tosupporteconomicdevelopmentandhumanwell-being

-  Target11.2:Provideaccesstosafe,affordable,accessibleandsustainabletransportsystems

forall, improvingroadsafety,notablybyexpandingpublictransport,withspecialaUen9ontotheneedsofthoseinvulnerablesitua9ons

-  Target11.5:Significantly reduce thenumberofdeathsand thenumberofpeopleaffected

andsubstan9allydecreasethedirecteconomiclosses-  Target 13.1: Strengthen resilience and adap9ve capacity to climate-related hazards and

naturaldisastersinallcountries-  Target 17.3:Mobilize addi9onal financial resources for developing countries frommul9ple

sources-  Target 17.17: Encourage and promote effec9ve public, public-private and civil society

partnerships

LinkstoSDGs:

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1.  Organizeonesub-regionalincep9onmee9ngforfact-findingandneeds-basedassessment.

2.  Conductmul9-sectoralassessmentsoftransport,energyandICTinfrastructure,aswellasinclusive,resilient,andfinancingaspectstosuchinfrastructure.

3.  Developguidelinesandtrainingmaterialsonplanninganddevelopinginclusiveandsustainableinfrastructureandpolicyrecommenda9onsonappropriatefinancingop9ons

4.  Organizena9onalworkshopsforthetargetedcountries(2workshopsareexpectedpertargetedcountry)

5.  Organizearegionalmee9ngtodiscussanddisseminatepolicyrecommenda9ons,guidelines,trainingmaterialsandfinancingstrategiesforinclusiveandsustainableinfrastructuredevelopment

KeyAc4vi4es:

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-  Familiarizewiththeprojectobjec9ves,ac9vi9es,implementa9onapproach,-  Reviewtheproposedprojectac9vi9esandensuretheyareinlinewith

na9onalpriori9esandneeds,and-  Takestockofprogressanddevelopmentinallsectorsthroughthesharingof

knowledgeandgoodprac9cesamongpolicymakersfromthetargetandpar9cipa9ngcountries

ExpectedOutcome:

-  consensusonthescopeofthisproject(“proofofconcept”)andnextac9vi9es

-  Implementa9onandcoordina9onarrangements:par9cipantstobetheirministriesandins9tu9ons’focalpointsthroughouttheprojectimplementa9on.

SubregionalIncep4onMee4ng:objec4ves

16

Proceeding:

Day1:

1.  Sectoralpresenta9onsbyESCAP

2.  GroupWorkandDiscussionbySector

Day2:

1.  Presenta9onbypar9cipantsbasedontheresultofgroupdiscussion

2.  GroupWorkandDiscussionbyCountry

Day3:

1.  Presenta9onbypar9cipantsbasedontheresultofgroupdiscussion

2.  Consolida9onandconsensusonfutureac9vi9esandimplementa9onandcoordina9onarrangements

SubregionalIncep4onMee4ng(cont.)

Par4cipants’Presenta4onBy

Sector

Projectac9vi9esandoutcomes

ICT,EnergyandTransport

ChallengesandOpportuni9es-  Scopeandapproachforinfrastructure

developmentmaybeinfluencedbythesourceoffunding(ODA,government/municipalbudgetsetc)

-  Somecountriesdon’thaveaPPPframeworkforinfrastructuredevelopment

-  Whileco-deploymenthasbeenimplementedinsomecountries,itwasfoundthatitcouldalsobeusedforcross-borderconnec9vity.

Con9nued

•  Insomecountrieswhichhaverocky,mountainousterrains,ICTandtransportco-deploymentwasfoundpar9cularlyimportant,asitreducesthecostofcivilworks.

•  Coordina9onamongvariousministrieswasfoundkeytothesuccessofco-deployment.

Poten9aloutcomes•  Conductco-deploymentfeasibilitystudies,includingco-deploymentofOFCalongthegaspipelines,powergridandtransportalongtheRussia-Mongolia-ChinaEconomicCorridorandCentralAsia

•  Step-by-Stepapproachof1)pilo9ngco-deploymentatna9onallevel,2)pilo9ngcross-borderco-deployment,3)focusonOFC

•  Astudycanexaminegoodprac9cesofaddressingdisrup9ons,maintenance,upgradeandexpansionacrossconcernedsectors.

Con9nued

•  Furtherconsidera9ontotheu9liza9onofexis9ngOFCalongu9li9eswhichareconnec9ngportstoinlandprovinces.

•  FeasibilitystudiesoncorridorsalongtheAsianHighwaysproposedforconsidera9on– Urumqi–Ulaanbaatar– Almaty–Bishkek–  EasternandsouthernpartsofKazakhstan–  RuralpartsofMongolia–  Connec9ngrenewablegenera9onplantsinKyrgyzstan

Con9nued

•  Conductcost-benefitanalysestoassessnetbenefitsandiden9fynon-monetarybenefits,suchasenvironmentalandsocialbenefits

•  FormulateaproposalforfinancingusingmarketbasedtoolsandleveragingPPP.

Summary

•  Thereisconsensusontheimportanceofco-deployment,includingcross-borderco-deployment,whichshouldbesupportedbyrobustna9onalframeworks.

•  Thestep-by-stepapproachtopilotna9onallevelco-deploymentandthencross-borderini9a9vesrecommended.

•  Feasibilitystudiesrecommendedontheabovemen9onedareas.

Projectac9vi9esandoutcomes

Disasterriskreduc9on

Developmethodologies(includingaverageannualloss)forsitua9onalriskanalysis

– Mul9-hazardsriskmaps– Futurelossesfromearthquakes,floods,drought,landslides,sinkholes

– Addsocio-economicdatatolookattheintersec9onofdisastervulnerabilityandsocialvulnerability

– Usethesedatainconjunc9onwithinfrastructuredevelopmenttolocateriskhotspots

Trainingandcapacitydevelopment-Providetrainingandcapacitydevelopmentforgovernment

officialsandotherstakeholdersonmethodologiesincollabora9onwiththeCenterforemergencysitua9onanddisasterriskreduc9on(par9cipantswillbeinvitedfromallthreecountriesfortraining)-UNESCAPandtheCenterforemergencyresponsewillcollaboratetoorganizethe6trainingworkshopsinKazakhstan,Kyrgystan,Mongolia.Theywillberesponsibleforiden9fyingpar9cipantsandbringthemtotheworkshops-Collaboratewithotherinterna9onalorganiza9ons(UNOSAT,UNISDR,MapAc9on)fortrainingexper9seonusingnewtechnologiessuchasimpactremotesensingandcrowdsourcing-ExpertsfrombothUN/interna9onalorganiza9onsandcountrylevelexperts(iden9fiedbycountries)willprovidetraining-Trainingscanalsobeextendedtoothercountries

Poten9aloutcomes

•  BeUerevidence-basedinfrastructureinvestments

•  Ensuringthatfuturerisksaretakenintoaccountincurrentbuildinfrastructureandfutureinfrastructure

Socialsectorintegra9onforinfrastructure

-Infrastructureconnec9vityprovidesopportuni9esforruralareasanditwouldniceittheyuselocallaborsothebenefitsstayinthecommuni9es.-TrainingandcapacitybuildingonGendersensi9vebudge9ngforICT,transportandenergysectors.-  ImplementpilotpilotprojectsforICTcapacitydevelopmentforyouth,women,andpersonswithdisabili9esinlinewithdigitaliza9onpriori9es.

•  Howtomi9gatethenega9veimpactofconnec9vityinfrastructureontradi9onallivelihoodsandwayoflife.

•  ShareChina’sexperienceandgoodprac9cestoreducepovertyatthevillagelevelwithadapta9ontotheMongoliancontext.

Infrastructure Financing:

Existing Policy Initiatives and Ways Forward

Existing Subregional Initiatives for:

• Kazakhstan • Kyrgyzstan • Mongolia • China •  The Russian Federation

1. Eurasian Economic Union

2. Belt and Road Initiative

3. Commonwealth of Independent States

4. Greater Tumen Initiative Russian Federation, China, Republic of Korea, Mongolia

5. Shanghai Cooperation Organization the Russian Federation, Kazakhstan,

Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and China

6. Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation

7. Other Multilateral and Bilateral Agreements

Existing Financing Options in Project Countries

•  Astana International Financial Centre (AIFC)

•  Foreign Direct Investments •  Russian-Kyrgyz

Development Fund •  Capital markets: equity

and bonds (including Green Bonds)

•  Commercial banks

•  Official Development Assistance

•  Public Private Partnerships •  Development Banks •  Special Economic Zones

and Industrial Parks •  Fiscal Budgets •  Multilateral Development

Banks •  UN technical assistance

Proposals on financing for development in the project countries •  Presentation of the results to the national governments of

project countries (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Mongolia) and participating countries (the Russian Federation and China).

•  During the upcoming national workshops the project countries will present their vision on the viable infrastructure financing options that are most suitable for the countries.

•  Explore of the potential donors/financial institutions for infrastructure financing in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Mongolia.

•  Explore the possibility of leveraging of the Astana International Financial Centre as a subregional platform for the cross-border infrastructure financing.

•  Synergizing the ESCAP’s regional project with such initiatives as the BRI initiative and the Eurasian Economic Union.

Par4cipants’Presenta4on

ByCountry

Kazakhstan

Pilotini9a9veproposal•  Almaty–Issyk-kulrouteco-deploymentamongenergy,ICTand

transporttakingintoaccountdisasterrisksandsocialinclusionalongtheroute

•  80%inKazakhstanand20%inKyrgyzstan•  Thepilotinclude1)buildingtheroad,2)co-deploymentofICT(and

electricity),3)disasterwarningandmi9ga9onsystem•  Benefitsinclude:

–  Muchshorter9metotravelfromAlmatytoIssyk-kul(currentlyviaBishkek)

–  IncreaseintouristsfromKazakhstan,Russia,ChinaandMongolia–  Increasedaccessibilitytothecommuni9esalongtheroute–  Increasedopportuni9esforentrepreneurshipsandSMESalongtheroute

•  Financingop9ons:PPP(Design-Build-Operate-Transfer),ProjectFunds?Bonds?

•  Possiblefundingagencies;IslamicDevelopmentBank,ADB,EBRD,EurasianEconomicUnion

Con9nued

•  Risks:changesintouristflow,SMEstaffing,re-rou9ngofagriculturalproduceflow,naturaldisasters,currencyrisks,policyrisks,environmentalclearance,landacquisi9on?

•  Possiblemi9ga9onmeasures:disasterriskassessment,guaranteerequiredfortheimplementa9on,riskalloca9on(whoistakingwhichrisk?)

•  Needcoordina9on,legalinstrumentsandframeworks?

Implementa9onmodality

•  Proposaltoestablishasecretariatorsinglebodytocoordinateac9vi9esofvariousgovernmentagenciesandpartners

•  Theproposedloca9onofthesecretariat–  AIFC– Withinthegovernment–  SONCA–  SPECA

Recommenda9onsandthewayforward

•  ESCAPrequeststheappointmentoffocalpoints

•  Theprojectcouldinviteothercountriesforpossiblereplica9on,cross-borderconnec9vityandphase2oftheproject

•  Thefeasibility/assessmentforthepilotini9a9vetobeundertaken

•  Na9onalworkshopstobeorganizedin2019and2020inKazakhstan

KyrgyzRepublic:Challenges,Opportuni9es,andPerspec9vesontheESCAP’sprojectimplementa9on

ChallengesandOpportuni9es

•  Transport•  Energy•  DisasterRiskPreven9onandReduc9on•  ICT•  InfrastructureFinancing

ChallengesandOpportuni9es:ICT

1.  LimitedICTinfrastructureandrelevantexpertsinruralareas

2.  LimitedICTliteracyintheregionsoftheKyrgyzRepublic

3.  Lackofsocialinclusion4.  ImprovementoftheRegulatoryPolicy

Framework

ChallengesandOpportuni9es:Transport,EnergyandDisasterRiskPreven9onandReduc9on

•  Underdevelopedrailwayinfrastructure•  Lackofdryports•  Differenttechnicalstandardsontrans-boundaryrailwayinfrastructure

•  Improvementofenergyinfrastructure•  Reduc9onofenergylosses•  Facilita9onoftherenewableenergyandgreeneconomyframeworkinKyrgyzstan

•  Biglossescausedbyearthquakes,floods,andlandslides

•  Evalua9onandreduc9onofriskscausedbylandslides

ChallengesandOpportuni9es:InfrastructureFinancing

•  Limita9onsofexternalborrowings:accordingtothelawthepublicdebttoGDPra9omaximumis60percent

•  Limita9onsoffiscalbudgetfinancing•  Highcostofinfrastructureprojects•  Limitedfinancialreturns•  Limita9onsonfinancingofdisasterframeworkintheKyrgyzRepublic

Perspec9vesandRecommenda9onsonProjectAc9vi9es

•  Implementa9onofthedigitaltransforma9onprogram•  Regionaldevelopmentprograms•  Improvementofregulatorypolicyframeworkandharmoniza9onofmethodologicalapproachesamongtheprojectcountries

•  Employmentoflocallabor•  Improvementofsocialinclusion•  Developmentofalterna9veop9onsfortrans-boundarycorridors

•  ImprovementofregionalroadinfrastructureintheKyrgyzRepublic

Perspec9vesandRecommenda9onsonProjectAc9vi9es

•  Improvementofcross-sectoralandtrans-boundarycoopera9onwithintheKyrgyzRepublicandotherprojectcountriesonICT,transport,energy,andinfrastructurefinancing

•  Regionalmee9ngforthehigh-levelofficialsoncross-sectoralcoopera9onwithintheESCAP’sproject

•  ThecurrentmembersoftheKyrgyzdelega9onwillbethefocalpointswithintheESCAP’sproject

•  Exchangeofexperienceandknowledgebetweentheprojectcountries

•  Developmentofinfrastructurefinancingthroughvarioustoolssuchas:Public–PrivatePartnerships,ForeignDirectInvestments,Russian-KyrgyzDevelopmentFund,financialsectorsandcapitalmarkets

Mongolia

Co-deploymentprojectproposalatthena9onallevel

•  17borderportsinMongolia•  PolicydocumenttoconnecttheportswithroadandFOnetwork•  7ports’connec9vityisplannedatthena9onallevel

Direc4on Length,km Numberofbypasssoums

Popula4on

1 Khatgal-khankh 189 2 2783

2 Choibalsan-Ereentsav 180 2 1785

3 Choibalsan-Khavirga 124 2 2725

4 Baruun-Urt-Bichigt 210 2 8455

5 Tavantolgoi-Khangi 435 3 10341

6 Altai-Burgastai 320 4 6428

7 Nomrog-Artssuuri 190 3 4486

ROADNETWORKINMONGOLIA

AH-4

AH-3

Artssuuri

Khankh

Ereentsav

Khavirga

Bichigt

Khangi

Burgastai

PossibilitytobeconnectedtoAH-5

FiberOp9cBackboneNetworkinMongolia

Artssuuri

Khankh

Ereentsav

Khavirga

Bichigt

Khangi

Burgastai

300(excluding19)SpecialAdministra9veCentersareOFCconnectedDigitalLiteracyProgrammebeingimplemented,includingforelderly,youth,women,personwithdisabili9es

Considera9onsforco-deploymentinfrastructureprojects

1.  Socialinclusion-portsareisolatedfromtheadministra9vecenters

-  Increasednumberofworkplace(servicefacilityalongtheroads)-  Improvedlivelihood-  Increasedopportuni9esthroughthebroadbandconnec9vity(informa9on,

educa9on,business)

2.Disasterriskreduc9on-  Disasterriskassessmentshouldbedone.

3.Financing-  Governmentbudget-  ODA

Waysforward

•  Intersessionalworkpreparingfeasibilitystudytermsofreferenceincludingregionalneedsassessment,

•  ESCAPseminarinUlaanbaatarandsitevisit,•  Conductoftheregionalneedsassessmentineachproposedports,

•  Na9onalco-deploymentmodelshouldbedeveloped.

•  Implementa9onoftheproject

Co-deploymentprojectproposalattheregionallevel

•  ProgramonEstablishingEconomicCorridoramongMongolia,RussiaandChinawasadoptedin2017.Theprogramincludes32possibleprojects.

•  Theproposedprojectforco-deployment:ElectrifiedRailLine-Ulan-Ude–Naushki–Sukhbaatar–Ulaanbaatar–ZamynUde–Erlyan–Ulaantsav-Janchkhuu–Beijing–Tianjin

•  Capacitywillbeincreasedfrom22mlnto50-100mlnton.

Considera9onsforco-deploymentinfrastructureprojects

1.Socialinclusion-  Attheconstruc9onstage:quotamustbesetforforeignworkers-  Attheopera9onstage:willincreaseworkplaceforMongolianci9zens-  Needtoiden9fythedemandofprofessionalsinadvance-  Decreasethenega9veimpactsofinfrastructuretoenvironment

2.Disasterriskreduc9on-  Absenceofdisasterriskassessmentfortheprojectregion-  Disasterriskassessmentshouldbeconductedinlinewiththefeasibility

study

3.Financing-  Theexis9ngrailwayisjointlyownedbyMongolianandRussian

Government-  MustbediscussedwithRussiaandChina

China

Li Yanting

Chinese International Optical Cable Interconnection

and Proposal for this Project

China Academy of Information and Communications Technology

CONTENTS

1 Future Trend in International Optical Cable

2 Present of International Optical Cable in China

3 Chinese Proposal for this Project

Submarine Optical Cables Vital for International

Communications

Page 3

⚫ The earth's geography necessitates

submarine optical cables for effective

international communications.➢ No land routes between Oceania and

the American and Eurasian continents.

➢ Only 44 landlocked countries out of

nearly 200 countries

➢ Over 95% of international traffic is

transmitted through submarine cables.

⚫ The leading role of submarine cables in international communication will not change.➢ Satellite: bandwidth is limited, making it unsuitable for serving many users. Useful for remote islands and

landlocked countries.

➢ Terrestrial cable: lower construction and maintenance costs, but cross-border deployments have not been

successful so far.

➢ For central Asia countries, one of the most important issues for improving the international connectivity

is to strengthen the cooperation for cross-border terrestrial cables connection within this subregion.

Fierce Competition in Global Submarine Cable Market

Page 4

⚫ Resources, policies, and geography foster

submarine cable centers. ➢ US: world's top Internet companies, rich content

resources, aggregation of global Internet traffic

➢ Hong Kong and Singapore: location

advantages, open economies, well-developed

service industries

➢ Japan, UK

⚫ New markets are proactively challenging the

submarine cable business landscape.➢ Thailand: 5 billion Thai baht to CAT Telecom to

develop new paths

➢ Finland: promoting Arctic submarine cable

construction

➢ Chile: planning to reach China's transoceanic

submarine cable and directly connect to Asia

➢ India: Tata Communications acquired Tyco, and

continues to expand its network

USA

UK, Germany,

etc.

Singapore

Hong Kong

Japan

Internet Giants Become New Forces in the

Submarine Cable Club Consortium

Page 5

⚫ Club consortium is still the main mode

of international submarine cable

construction➢ Telecoms

➢ Benefit & cost sharing

➢ Business sources

➢ Members handle their own country's

permits

⚫ Internet giants become an important force➢ Meeting interconnection needs of global

Internet data centers

➢ Participating in the construction of more than

15 cables.

Big

TelecomsInternet

Giants

Club

Consortium

Strong Collaboration Between Submarine Cables

and Data Centers

Page 6

⚫ Internet traffic dominates the global

submarine network architecture.➢ Traditional services: voice and private line

circuits use Kbit/s- or Mbit/s-level bandwidth

➢ New services: Internet uses Gbit/s or even

Tbit/s-level bandwidth

➢ Global traffic flows to Internet content centers

in the US and Europe

⚫ Global data center interconnection affects

submarine cable construction.➢ Cloud computing and high granularity boost

data centers.

➢ Data center interconnection is required for

high bandwidth, high granularity, rapid growth,

flexibility, and agility.

Cross-border Terrestrial Cables and Submarine

Cables in China

7

⚫ Cross-border terrestrial cables connect to neighboring countries➢ 12 countries, 17 border crossings

➢ 70 TB+ bandwidth

⚫ Key international submarine cable access countries and regions➢ 4 landing points, 9 landing cables

➢ 40 TB+ bandwidth

➢ Cables reach North America, Asia, Europe, etc

⚫ Actively participate in the construction of non-landing submarine cable➢ SMW5，FASTER。。

Strengthening International Cooperation and

Exploring the Submarine Cable Connection Mode

8

⚫ China can play a larger role in:➢ Establishing more information channels

to the West.

➢ Providing cable connections to

countries such as Kazakhstan,

Kyrgyzstan and Mongolia.

⚫ ITU-T GS3➢ Study of Tariff, Charging Issues of

Settlements Agreement of Trans-multi-

country Terrestrial Telecommunication

Cables

⚫ Submarine and terrestrial cable cooperation improve Internet access of landlocked

countries.

Ever-increasing Flow of International Interactions

Stimulates Rapid Development of Information Flow

9

Tourism➢ Outbound: 131 million, up

6.9% YoY

➢ Inbound: 139 million, up 0.8%

YoY

Capital➢ China's annual FDI has grown for

15 consecutive years, reaching

196 billion USD, up to 34.7% YoY

➢ 37,200 FDI enterprises in 190

countries/areas

Source: CTA, 2017 Source: MOFCOM, 2016

Products➢ Import: 12.46 trillion RMB, up

to 18.7% YoY

➢ Export: 15.33 trillion RMB,

up to 10.8% YoY

Source: GACC, 2017

Region 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

North America 46% 45% 35% 26% 25% 25%

Asia Pacific 47% 39% 47% 34% 44% 38%

Europe+ Africa 50% 33% 45% 28% 41% 33%

Growth rates of China's Internet traffic by region (YoY) (38%)

Overseas Business Development of Chinese Internet

Enterprises Increases Demand for International Bandwidth

10

Alibaba Cloud's 18 global data centers

40+ countries1 billion users

870 million users

(552 million in China)

Internet applications

Internet infrastructure

Chinese Proposal for the Project

⚫ In principle, China supports the project.

⚫ China would like to share our development experience and best practices

related to this project.

⚫ We suggest that the participating countries should pay much attention on the

practical requirement from the enterprises and end-users for this project.

12

http://www.caict.ac.cn

A Specialized Think-tank for the Government, and an Innovation

and Development Platform for the Industry

China Academy of Information and Communications Technology

Russian Federation

Cross-Sectoral Approach and Sustainable Development Goals

Transport, ICT, Energy, Financing for Development, Disasters Risk Reduction

Cooperation within UNESCAP

•  1.2 mln US dollars - Russian voluntary annual contribution to UNESCAP budget

•  More than 40 projects of technical assistance implemented by UNESCAP with Russian financial support, including projects in transport, energy and ICT sectors.

•  Target countries within most of the projects include the Central Asian states

Eurasian Economic Union Priorities in Building ICT Infrastructure and “Digital Space”, Energy

Connectivity•  Building common digital

space •  Improving digital

infrastructure on the base of EAEU technical standards

•  Ensuring interoperability of the national data identification systems

•  Creating a single system of electronic trade platforms in the context of building digital infrastructure

•  Creating common electric energy market

•  Providing opportunities for EAEU neighbouring countries to cover energy shortage

Regional Cooperation on Disaster Risk Reduction

•  Initiative of establishment a network of emergency centres of the CIS member states for operative information exchange among countries in case of emergency situations as a part of future Global Network of Emergency Centres

EAEU Coordinated (agreed) transport policy

Interna(onalcoopera(onandEurasianintegra(on

~ formation of a single transport space; ~ creation and development of the Eurasian transport corridors; ~ realization and development of transit potential within the framework of the Union; ~ coordination of transport infrastructure development; ~ creation of logistics centers and transport organizations ensuring optimization of transportation processes; ~ creation of conditions aimed at attraction and utilization of the workforce capacity of the Member States; ~ development of science and innovation in the sphere of transport.

UNESCAP Transport CommitteeFuture Interregional Committee for transport between Asia and Europe

Shanghai Cooperation Organization

Implementa(onofDigitaliza(on

Digitaliza(onofcross-bordertransporta(ons

Simplifica(onofthetransportdocumenta(on

RelatedAc(onsImplementa(onofautonomousinfrastructure

DIGITAL ECONOMY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Infrastructure

Information security

Smart city

Digital healthcare

Personnel and education

Management system Research

and development

Governance

Legislative and regulatory sphere

9Direc(ons:

ERA-GLONASS

Car

Respondingagencies

Informa(onservices

Mobilenetworks

GLONASSGPSsystems

Operatorofthe“ERA-GLONASS”system Remote tests between e-Call

and ERA GLONASS

cooperation GLONASS - BEIDOU

ELECTRONICTOLLCOLLECTIONSYSTEM“PLATON”

asatSEPTEMBER2018:

ROUBLESGATHEREDTOTHERUSSIANROADFUND

54 000 000 000

RECORDEDTRANSPORTVEHICLES

1 100 000 2000 KMOFROADS

REPAIREDWITHTHECOLLECTEDFUNDS

AUTONOMOUSVEHICLES

“KARAVAN”PROJECTTESTING(MAY2018)

ITtechnologiesforurbantransport

Theefficiencyofthetransportsystem,itssecurity,developmentandimplementa(onofmodern

technologiescloselydependonpersonneltraining