Conflict Resources andtheir Supply Chains

◆ Natural resources fund brutal conflicts and human rights violations around the world

◆ These resources are bought and traded along global supply chains, including by companies in the EU

◆ Global Witness advocates that companies involved in the trading, processing and manufacturing of these resources carry out supply chain due diligence to avoid contributing to harm

◆ Supply chain due diligence legislation has already been adopted in the US, the DRC and Rwanda

◆ Global Witness is urging the EU to pass complementary legislation that requires companies to carry out due diligence in line with existing OECD standards

A F G H A N I S TA NGems, copper and timber fund warlords

COT E D’ I VO I R EDiamonds and gold fund former rebel factions

C E N T RA L A F R I CA N R E P U B L I CDiamonds and timber fund warring parties

CO LO M B I AGold, tungsten, tantalum and coal fund violent armed groups

D RC, RWA N DA , B U R U N D ICopper, coltan, diamonds, gold, cobalt, timber, tin, tantalum and tungsten fund abusive armed groups and rogue military factions

Z I M B A B W E Diamonds fund abusive security forces

B U R M AGems are controlled by abusive military forces

Hot Spots: Natural resource-fuelled conflicts and human rights abusesIn the last 60 years, at least 40% of all intrastate conflicts have had links to natural resources (UN Environment Programme, 2009).

This map highlights examples of countries and regions where natural resource supply chains fuel conflict and human rights abuses; it is not an exhaustive list.

Simplified electronics supply chain for metals sourced from the DRC

This diagram is an example of a supply chain in the electronics sector. Other industries will have shorter or longer supply chains.

Mine

AFRICAN GREAT LAKES REGION REST OF THE WORLD

LocalTrader

InternationalTrader

Component Producer

Component Manufacturer

AssemblyEnd UserSmelter

P O RT S

S M E LT E R S

M A N U F ACT U R E R S

E N D U S E R S

D RC

Typical supply chain for DRC minerals sourcing the electronics industry

USA

EUROPE

CHINA

THAILAND

MALAYSIA

U S A Dodd Frank Act Section 1502

D E M O C RAT I C R E P U B L I C O F CO N G OThe government passed a law in February 2012 making it a requirement for all mining and mineral trading companies operating in the DRC to meet OECD due diligence standards. ‡

‡ See Arrêté ministerial N.0057.CAB.MIN/MINES/01/2012 du 29 février 2012 portant mise en oeuvre du mécanisme régional de certification de la Conférence Internationale sur la Région des Grands-Lacs « CIRGL » en République Démocratique du Congo, Article 8.

Countries that have introduced legislation in line with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Due Diligence Guidance

CO U N T R I E S H AV E I N T RO D U C E D L E G I S LAT I O N I N L I N E W I T H O E C D G U I DA N C E

I CG L R M E M B E R S TAT E S H AV E E N D O R S E D T H E O E C D G U I DA N C E

O E C D M E M B E R S TAT E S T H AT H AV E E N D O R S E D T H E O E C D G U I DA N C E

CO U N T R I E S W H E R E T H E R E H A S B E E N E N G AG E M E N T A N D O U T R E AC H O N O E C D G U I DA N C E