concordiasi driftsonde performance
TRANSCRIPT
Concordiasi Driftsonde Performance
© Copyright 2011 University Corporation for Atmospheric Research 1
Concordiasi Workshop 21 – 22 October 2011
National Center for Atmospheric Research
Earth Observing Lab Boulder, CO
Driftsonde Team
Terry Hock, Charlie Martin, Nick Potts June Wang, Kate Young, Steve Cohn,
Xuanyong Xu, Hal Cole, Dean Lauritsen, Joe VanAndel
Cost-effective dropsonde observations to fill critical gaps in coverage
over oceanic and remote regions over days to months
Iridium Satellite
Driftsonde Gondola
Ground station for communication and control (web based remote operation)
Gondola capacity of 54 dropsondes
Float altitude ~18 to 30 km
Large Zero-pressure or Super-pressure Balloon, aloft for days to months
Sonde measures • Pressure • Temperature • Relative humidity • Wind
Sondes dropped on command or a pre-programmed schedule
Driftsonde Concept
Driftsonde Gondola
© 2011 Copyright University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
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• MIST Sonde Capacity: 56 units
• Mass: ~24kg
• Size: 71 cm x 71 cm x 45 cm
• Power: Lithium SO2 Batteries
• Solar Panel Heaters for batteries and electronics
• Construction: Blue Core Foam
• Operational Life: ~ 6+ weeks
• Automated Sounding System
• Iridium Satellite Communications (Global coverage)
• System Health Engineering Monitoring
o Position & Velocity - GPS Receiver
o Pressure Sensor
o Battery voltages
o Solar Panel voltage
o Component Temperatures
Top View
Gondola Illustration
© 2011 Copyright University Corporation for Atmospheric Research 4
System Electronics
Lithium Batteries
Battery & Elect. Heater
Iridium Modem
MIST Sondes
GPS & Iridium Antenna
400 MHz Sonde Antenna
Solar Panels for Heater
NOT TO SCALE
Harness
Miniature In-situ Sounding Technology (MIST Sonde)
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MIST Sonde Specifications: Size: 30.5 cm height x 4.40 cm (12" height x 1.75” diameter) Mass: 182 grams Fall time: ~ 17 minutes from 60 mb Fall Velocity: ~40 m/s @ 60 mb ~10 m/s @ sea surface Sensors based upon Vaisala RS-92 radiosonde sensor module
Temperature [range: +60° C to -90° C, resolution 0.1°] Humidity [range: 0 to 100%, resolution 1%] Pressure [range: 1080 mb to 3 mb, resolution 0.1 mb] 0.5 sec (2 Hz) update rate for PTH sensors
Winds based upon OEM GPS receiver 0.1 m/s resolution 0.25 sec (4 Hz) update rate for wind data
High Vertical Resolution of PTH & wind data Stable cone parachute design Remote control of Power On/Off and sonde release Designed for extreme environmental conditions Communications: Operates on multiple frequencies 403-406 MHz
MIST Sonde
Driftsonde WEB Interface Control and Data Display
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Capabilities • Schedule Sonde releases • Set Drop Limits • Table of sonde release
location and drop times • Sounding data files • Sondes Available for release • Log of ALL commands sent to
gondola • Google Earth Maps- Track • Iridium communications
history • WEB database of all
soundings • Password protected site, with
limited to full use privileges Engineering health of gondola • System (battery) Voltages • GPS Position & Velocity • Flight Pressure • Temperature monitoring
Concordiasi Sonde release locations
© 2011 Copyright University Corporation for Atmospheric Research 7
September 23 to December 8, 2010 648 Sondes
Iridium Communications Reliability
© 2011 Copyright University Corporation for Atmospheric Research 10
Drop Success Rate
© 2011 Copyright University Corporation for Atmospheric Research 11
# Flight Total Sondes Ignored Drops Good Drops Bad Drops % of Good drops
1 MSD01 52 2 47 3 94%
2 MSD02 51 2 48 1 98%
3 MSD04 51 0 49 2 96%
4 MSD05 52 1 51 0 100%
5 MSD06 51 3 47 1 98%
6 MSD07 51 4 47 0 100%
7 MSD09 51 1 50 0 100%
8 MSD10 51 0 48 3 92%
9 MSD03 54 0 53 1 98%
10 MSD11 54 0 52 2 96%
11 MSD13 54 1 53 0 100%
12 MSD12 54 0 53 1 98%
13 MSD08 47 1 46 0 100%
Total 673 15 644 14 98%
Gondola Operational Lifetime
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# Flight Launch Date Cutdown Date Flight Days
Cause of Termination
1 MSD01 2010-09-23 00:15 UTC 2010-12-11 01Z 81.7 Balloon moved too far north
2 MSD02 2010-09-23 04:00 UTC 2010-11-18 16Z 56.8 MER
3 MSD03 2010-10-15 04:30 UTC 2010-11-04 13Z 27.5 MER
4 MSD04 2010-09-24 00:20 UTC 2010-12-27 10Z 94.7 MER
5 MSD05 2010-09-25 03:04 UTC 2010-12-22 15Z 88.8 MER
6 MSD06 2010-09-28 22:11 UTC 2010-11-10 23Z 43.7 Batteries
7 MSD07 2010-09-30 02:12 UTC 2010-12-09 12Z 70.6 Balloon Burst
8 MSD08 2010-10-25 21:30 UTC 2011-01-19 12Z 85.9 Balloon Burst
9 MSD09 2010-10-07 21:41 UTC 2011-01-04 15Z 88.8 Balloon Burst
10 MSD10 2010-10-14 21:51 UTC 2010-12-24 08Z 73.8 Balloon moved too far north
11 MSD11 2010-10-19 04:51 UTC 2010-12-29 17Z 71.5 Balloon moved too far north
12 MSD12 2010-10-20 21:20 UTC 2011-01-23 17Z 85.6 Balloon Moved too far North
13 MSD13 2010-10-19 07:59 UTC 2010-11-30 19Z 43.3 Balloon Burst
Sonde Performance monitored during the campaign
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Cause MSD # 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 Totals % of Problems
Bank Ping Fail 13 13 12 38 33%
Data in Wrong Place 2 2 3 1 1 5 1 1 2 4 4 7 33 29%
Disconnected Battery 2 2 1 5 3 13 11%
Data Queued to resend 1 2 1 1 1 6 5%
Partial Sounding 2 2 1 5 4%
Communication Error 1 1 1 1 1 5 4%
Ejected at Launch 1 1 1 1 4 4%
Zero Length Bin File 1 1 1 3 3%
Sounding Application Crash 1 1 2 2%
Sonde Stuck in Gondola 1 1 2 2%
Sonde Dead Battery 1 1 1%
Parsing Error on Ground 1 1 1%
Data Corrupt on Ground 1 1 1%
Cutdown hook broke before launch
1 1 1%
Total Number of Problems 21 7 4 5 4 13 7 2 14 6 6 18 8 115
© 2011 Copyright University Corporation for Atmospheric Research 14
MSD11: 10/19-12/29/2010
Coast
High Plateau
Coast
Transit
Plots courtesy of June Wang
They all supposedly landed over “Ocean”, but continued to collect data because they were on “Ice”.
© 2011 Copyright University Corporation for Atmospheric Research 15 Plot courtesy of June Wang
Overall Sounding Statistics after post processing
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# / % Notes
Total sounding files 648 Total files retrieved on ground
Partial data 9 / 1.4% Either no sonde data or only ~10-20 hPa data at the top
Final quality controlled data set
639/648 or 99% Data files
Other issues
No Temperature and Humidity
11/ 1.7% With sensor cover, 7 for MSD06, 4 for MSD10
No wind data 3 / <1% No GPS data: 2, fast fall: 1
Overall Project 639/678 or 94% 678 sondes initially loaded into gondolas
Conclusion • Very satisfied with results • Review testing of gondola hardware for temperature issues (cabling and sondes) • Review of gondola and ground software for improved performance